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Biomedical subjects

H G Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to H G Taylor.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Atypical metastasis from prostate cancer. Clinical utility of the immunoperoxidase technique for prostate-specific antigen.

We review our experience with the immunoperoxidase technique of staining tissue for prostate-specific antigen in four patients with atypical metastases from prostate cancer. Our results indicate that this test is clinically useful for the diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer in patients with an unsuspected primary prostate malignancy. Further, application of prostatic-specific antigen testing may confirm metastatic prostate cancer in atypical sites in patients with a previously diagnosed prostate malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Achalasia in Zimbabwean blacks.

The incidence and clinical features of achalasia in Zimbabwe have not previously been documented. During a 10-year period (1974-1983) 25 cases were seen in Bulawayo and Harare. The estimated incidence is 0,03/100 000 members of the population per year, which is much less than the incidence in Europe and America. Achalasia occurred at any age and there was a preponderance of cases in males. Dysphagia was invariable and its duration varied from 2 weeks to 15 years. Parotid enlargement was found in 2 patients and respiratory infections occurred relatively frequently. The importance of excluding oesophageal carcinoma is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Intracerebral hemorrhage in the full-term neonatal infant.

Supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage was diagnosed in 18 full-term neonates, including six with primarily intraparenchymal hemorrhage and 12 with primarily intraventricular hemorrhage. Precipitating or associated factors were hypoxic-ischemic injury in five patients, polycythemia in two, and cranial birth trauma in two. Nine other infants had no identifiable medical risk events. The pathogenesis of intraparenchymal hemorrhage was probably related to hemorrhagic infarction, but the pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage was often unknown. All 17 survivors returned for neurologic and developmental examinations between 1 and 7 years of age. Follow-up assessments were normal in nine children and abnormal in eight. Two had perceptual difficulties, three had moderate-to-severe cognitive deficiencies (two of the three had hemiplegia), and three had severe mental and neurologic handicaps. Eight of nine children with known or suspected hypoxic-ischemic or traumatic insults suffered moderate-to-severe disabilities whereas eight of nine children with no known precipitating cause for their hemorrhage developed normally.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1984

Intracranial metastases in prostate cancer.

In a clinicopathologic review of 126 autopsied cases with prostate cancer, 14 demonstrated intracranial metastases. Only two of nine symptomatic patients were evaluated for suspected central nervous system metastases prior to death, and five asymptomatic patients were incidentally found to have metastases at autopsy. Intracranial metastases in prostate cancer occur in the setting of widespread disease, and tissue pathology may reveal moderately to poorly differentiated tumor (11 of 14 cases).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Skin metastases confined to a field of previous irradiation. Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Two cases of tumor recurrence within a previously irradiated skin area are reported. Typical lesions evolve from an erythematous base and progress to induration and tumor papules. A review of clinical literature indicates that irradiation does not increase the frequency of metastases. Experimental data suggest that irradiation does increase metastases as a result of both local mechanical factors and increased tumor-cell survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Neuropsychological approaches to children: towards a developmental neuropsychology.

Neuropsychologists working with children commonly infer a CNS basis for many developmental disabilities on the basis of test performance and behavioral observations. While there is nothing inherently wrong with such inferences, the fact that there exists no specific set of brain-behavior relationships validating these inferences is frequently overlooked. In this respect, CNS inferences on the basis of the child's performance can lead to four potential fallacies concerning relationships between brain and behavior. Each of these fallacies involves a failure to recognize important behavioral and biological differences between children and adults, or simply rests on faulty logic and inadequate research. In an effort to outline a truly developmental neuropsychology for children--as opposed to diverse approaches that apply adult-based techniques to children--we propose a functional organization approach. This approach separates the different types of variables underlying a developmental neuropsychology and focuses on behavioral theory and research addressing the development of children's abilities. A specific emphasis of this approach is on processes of change--one of the primary psychological characteristics separating children and adults. The use of this approach as a general research strategy for children whose disabilities are associated with demonstrable or presumed CNS aberrations may lead to a set of behavioral laws that can be systematically related to a biological substrate.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1984

Intellectual, neuropsychological, and achievement outcomes in children six to eight years after recovery from Haemophilus influenzae meningitis.

Twenty-four grade school children who had sustained an earlier episode of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis were tested, along with a group of 24 school-aged siblings. Evaluations consisted of tests of IQ, academic achievement, and neuropsychological skills. Parents completed forms rating each child's behavioral adjustment and temperament. Available school-administered standardized achievement tests were also obtained. Information relating to the episode of meningitis was extracted from the medical charts of each child who had had meningitis in order to investigate the relationship of these parameters to developmental outcome. Results showed that, compared with nearest-age siblings, children who had had meningitis scored lower on performance IQ and full-scale IQ. The group that had had meningitis also performed more poorly on several neuropsychological tasks. However, the groups did not differ in verbal IQ, and they performed comparably on all academic measures. Significant behavioral adjustment problems were absent from both groups, and there were no notable differences in temperament. Although findings support the existence of postmeningitis sequelae, the selective nature of the deficiencies observed indicate that prognosis for children in the age range examined may be better than that suggested by earlier studies.

Child↗
PubMed1983

MBD: meanings and misconceptions.

Few terms have generated as much debate and apprehension among those who render clinical services to children as has "MBD". The childhood disabilities to which this term has been applied are undeniable. However, neither the implication of the term itself nor the meaning of the concept behind it are well recognized. In order to foster more rational discussion of the topic, the present paper attempts to clarify major misconceptions regarding MBD, and reviews essential features of the concept. Because their term generates false impressions of the disorders to which it is applied and because the concept it represents is itself unsatisfactory, the continued use of the term is objectionable. Nevertheless, the emphasis that the MBD conceptor, more accurately, the tradition underlying it - has placed on biological factors as relevant to the understanding of learning and behavioral problems is worth retaining. Separating the sense from the nonsense behind this concept will, hopefully, foster the development of more appropriate terminology and, in the process, improve communication among those who work with disabled children.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1983

Neuropsychological testing of Huntington's patients. Clues to progression.

A battery of neuropsychological and academic tests was administered to 16 patients with Huntington's chorea, several of whom received multiple testings. Generalized mental impairment was evident for most of the present sample of patients, but performance IQ was more affected than verbal IQ. Comparisons of impairments on the different tasks relative to expectations for normal adults suggest that measures requiring psychomotor problem solving, sequencing, and memory were most impaired. Sensory, fine motor, and visual motor tasks, however, also revealed relatively severe deficits. Elementary language and academic skills showed least impairment. Follow-up data were congruent with these trends. Results are consistent with other findings in the suggestion they offer for commonalities in the progression of mental impairment associated with this disease. The scarcity of severe impairment in elementary language and academic functions also supports the view that focal deficits are uncharacteristic of Huntington's dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Late relapse of testicular cancer.

The complete response (CR) rate of disseminated germ-cell tumors with current aggressive chemotherapy and surgical resection of localized residual disease is between 70%-80%. Most patients who relapse do so within the first year of therapy. We have observed seven patients with germ-cell tumors treated with a variety of modalities who relapsed after more than two years in CR (45-87 months). Five patients are alive after salvage therapy with follow-up too short to assess the durability of second remission. There were no features distinguishing late relapse patients from all patients treated with chemotherapy for germ-cell tumors. Follow-up in patients treated for germ-cell tumors with chemotherapy should be extended to five years before curability can be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Phase II trial of mitoguazone in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

We used mitoguazone (500 mg/m2 iv weekly, with 50-mg/m2 escalations weekly as tolerated) to treat 22 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which recurred after initial therapy. Nine of 22 (11%) patients responded: two had complete responses and seven had partial responses. Gastrointestinal toxicity and anemia were commonly seen. We conclude that mitoguazone is active in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and should be incorporated into phase III trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lymphocytosis in a patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is an uncommon soft-tissue sarcoma. Patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma may present with unusual clinical findings and an apparent association with malignant hematopoietic disease has been reported. We describe a patient in whom a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was made simultaneously with discovery of a large, retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Following surgical debulking of the tumor, the patient's blood and bone marrow findings returned to normal.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Metastatic thymoma with myasthenia gravis: complete remission with combination chemotherapy.

A 29-year-old male developed myasthenia gravis 29 months after resection of a "benign" mediastinal thymoma. Metastatic thymoma was found in the pleura 45 months after the initial surgical resection. Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin produced a complete remission of the metastatic thymoma which has continued for 13 months. Concurrently, there has been a marked increase in neuromuscular function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia terminating in acute myelosclerosis.

Acute myelosclerosis is an unusual myeloproliferative syndrome characterized by pancytopenia, absence of massive hepatosplenomegaly, and an absence of tear-drop poikilocytes. The marrow is usually fibrotic with atypical megakaryocytic and trilinear dyspoiesis. Median survival is approximately six months from onset of symptoms. The authors report a case of acute myelosclerosis that evolved in a patient two and one-half years after the onset of idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia. A review of the other previously reported case of this unusual transformation and comments on the pathogenesis of the transformation from idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia to acute myelofibrosis are included.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Prolymphocytic leukemia: treatment with combination chemotherapy to include doxorubicin.

Prolymphocytic leukemia (PL) is a clinically distinct leukemic disorder. Cytochemical and surface marker characteristics help to differentiate PL from other types of leukemia, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In contrast to patients with CLL, those with PL frequently require early therapeutic intervention. Standard treatment regimens for CLL as well as splenectomy and splenic irradiation have not been effective in the treatment of PL. Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) has produced impressive clinical responses in patients with PL. The treatment of a patient with PL is discussed and the literature is reviewed.

Aged↗