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Biomedical subjects

H G Rau

Publications and source records attributed to H G Rau.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Can hemofiltration increase survival time in acute endotoxemia--a porcine shock model.

In a porcine endotoxin shock model employing a continuous intravenous administration of Salmonella abortus equi endotoxin the cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters were studied with main emphasis on the effect of hemofiltration (HF) as the only therapeutical measurement on the enhancement of survival time. Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites Thromboxan B2 and 6-Keto-PGF 1-alpha could be lowered significantly by hemofiltration. Measuring the inadequacy of the supply and delivery systems in terms of O2-uptake, CO2 production, lung mechanics, TPR, CO, heart rate and MAP the control group seemed to be more severely compromised than the hemofiltrated groups, although the final outcome as for survival time could not be increased significantly. HF can nonselectively counteract some toxic effects of shock mediators without depriving the organism of beneficial components of a protective system being stimulated at the same time. Once the AA cascade is initiated, pharmacologic inhibition is of limited value as long as a direct specific therapeutic manipulation is still not available. Elimination of mediators by HF helps to combat the overstimulation of host defense mechanisms in ET shock which represents the ultimate threat to the host.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Jet-cutting supported by high frequency current: new technique for hepatic surgery.

To reduce blood loss incurred during liver resection, techniques that separate vessels from liver parenchyma, such as the CUSA or the jet-cutter, are in clinical use. By conducting high frequency current through the jet beam using hypertonic NaCl cutting solution, we developed a new method enabling simultaneous coagulation during selective cutting. In this study we examined the effects of this method on liver resection in a rabbit model. With the three techniques-jet-cutting, CUSA, and high frequency-supported jet-cutting (HF-jet)-we performed liver resection of the ventral lobe in six animals per group. We compared velocity of resection, blood loss, tissue trauma, selectivity (number of isolated vessels per area), electrolytes, and vital signs. Histopathology was carried out with the resectate and after 7 days with the remaining liver. Velocity of resection procedure and selectivity were significantly reduced in the HF-jet group. Histopathology showed coagulated vessels and a deeper zone of necrosis. Accordingly, the liver enzymes transiently showed distinctly higher values in the HF-jet group. Electrolyte disturbances or differences of vital signs could not be detected. Transferring our results to patient care we expect that with major resections the hilus clamping time, blood loss, and number of blood transfusions can be reduced. In our opinion the additional application of high frequency through the jet beam is a helpful improvement of the jet-cutter.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perioperative infection prophylaxis and risk factor impact in colon surgery.

BACKGROUND: A prospective observational study was undertaken in 2, 481 patients undergoing elective colon resection in 114 German centers to identify optimal drug and dosing modalities and risk factors for postoperative infection. METHODS: Patients were pair matched using six risk factors and divided into 672 pairs (ceftriaxone vs. other cephalosporins, group A) and 400 pairs (ceftriaxone vs. penicillins, group B). End points were local and systemic postoperative infection and cost effectiveness. RESULTS: Local infection rates were 6.0 versus 6.5% (group A) and 4.0 versus 10.5% (group B); systemic infection rates in groups A and B were 4.9 versus 6.3% and 3.3 versus 10.5%, respectively. Ceftriaxone was more effective than penicillins overall (6.8 vs. 17.8%, p < 0.001). Length of postoperative hospital stay was 16.2 versus 16.9 days (group A) and 15.8 versus 17.6 days (group B). Of the six risk factors, age and concomitant disease were significant for systemic infection, and blood loss, rectum resection and immunosuppressive therapy were significant for local infection. Penicillin was a risk factor compared to ceftriaxone (p < 0.0001). Ceftriaxone saved 160.7 EUR versus other cephalosporins and 416.2 EUR versus penicillins. CONCLUSION: Clinical and microbiological efficacy are responsible for the cost effectiveness of ceftriaxone for perioperative prophylaxis in colorectal surgery.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ischemic preconditioning attenuates portal venous plasma concentrations of purines following warm liver ischemia in man.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Degradation of adenine nucleotides to adenosine has been suggested to play a critical role in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Thus, we questioned in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy whether (i) IPC will increase plasma purine catabolites and whether (ii) formation of purines in response to vascular clamping (Pringle maneuver) can be attenuated by prior IPC. METHODS: 75 patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group I underwent hepatectomy without vascular clamping; group II was subjected to the Pringle maneuver during resection, and group III was preconditioned (10 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion) prior to the Pringle maneuver for resection. Central, portal venous and arterial plasma concentrations of adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine and xanthine were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Duration of the Pringle maneuver did not differ between patients with or without IPC. Surgery without vascular clamping had only a minor effect on plasma purine concentrations. After IPC, plasma concentrations of purines transiently increased. After the Pringle maneuver alone, purine plasma concentrations were most increased. This strong rise in plasma purines caused by the Pringle maneuver, however, was significantly attenuated by IPC. When portal venous minus arterial concentration difference was calculated for inosine or hypoxanthine, the respective differences became positive in patients subjected to the Pringle maneuver and were completely prevented by preconditioning. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that (i) IPC increases formation of adenosine, and that (ii) the unwanted degradation of adenine nucleotides to purines caused by the Pringle maneuver can be attenuated by IPC. Because IPC also induces a decrease of portal venous minus arterial purine plasma concentration differences, IPC might possibly decrease disturbances in the energy metabolism in the intestine as well.

Adenosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic liver resection compared with conventional partial hepatectomy--a prospective analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Tumor size and location are the major influences on the practicality of a laparoscopic operation. Visual control of the operating field is important for isolation and ligation of blood vessels and bile ducts after selective liver dissection by suitable techniques such as the water-jet dissector. METHODOLOGY: We carried out laparoscopic liver resections with the Jet-Cutter in 17 patients. The results were compared to a control group of 17 closely matched patients undergoing conventional hepatic resection during the period of the study. In 1 patient, conversion of laparoscopic to an open operation was required. RESULTS: Early in our learning curve, the duration of operation and time for resection were significantly longer in the laparoscopic group. Following laparoscopic operation, patients were discharged from the hospital after a mean of 7.8+/-8.2 days; patients having undergone conventional operation were discharged after a mean of 11.6+/-12.8 days. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic liver resection is technically feasible, but, at present, careful patient selection is required.

Adult↗