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Biomedical subjects

H G Levine

Publications and source records attributed to H G Levine.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Everyday cognition among mildly mentally retarded adults: an ethnographic approach.

Participant-observation techniques were used to study the everyday cognition and problem-solving process in marketing tasks defined and organized by mildly mentally retarded adults. Observations were systematized in terms of five primary functional units: logistics, activity goal, item selection, quantity selection, and payment strategy. Results revealed five "composites" of strategic behavior used by these adults that represent characteristic ways of addressing problematic aspects of this everyday task environment. An association between composite and early life experiences was also shown. These results were used to characterize further the nature of everyday cognitive behavior, including discussions of the nature of everyday performance, the "externalization" of cognition through the explicit design of settings, and the presence and utility of retarded adult's metacognitive skills.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Situational anxiety and everyday life experiences of mildly mentally retarded adults.

Situational (A-state) anxiety reactions of mildly mentally retarded adults were studied using a self-report anxiety inventory under four sets of conditions ranging from presumed high to low stress. The effects of work experiences and social activity on situational anxiety were also examined, as was the relationship between anxiety and performance on an observational task. Significant results show higher overall anxiety under stressful conditions and lower anxiety scores for individuals who are employed and who are socially active. A high positive correlation was found between anxiety level and performance. The implications of these findings for understanding the emotional life and everyday competence of retarded adults were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Inactivation of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin by the neutrophil myeloperoxidase system.

The cytotoxin of Clostridium difficile was examined for sensitivity to oxidant secretory products of neutrophils. Exposure to myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and a halide resulted in loss of toxin activity measured by tissue-culture cytotoxicity. The peroxide requirement was provided by reagent H2O2, a peroxide-generating enzyme (glucose oxidase), or a peroxide-producing intestinal microorganism, Lactobacillus acidophilus. Human neutrophils stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate caused similar toxin inactivation. In both the cell-free and the neutrophil systems, inactivation of toxin required halides and was abrogated by azide, cyanide, or catalase. Neutrophils from patients with lack of myeloperoxidase or failure to produce H2O2 were impaired in toxin inactivation unless myeloperoxidase or H2O2, respectively, was added. The reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanol enhanced toxin activity. These data suggest a similarity between C difficile cytotoxin and the classic thiol-activated cytolysins. Moreover, they raise the possibility that neutrophils are involved in oxidative detoxification of microbial products.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Context, ability, and performance: comparison of competitive athletics among mildly mentally retarded and nonretarded adults.

Setting demands and performance characteristics were compared for mildly mentally retarded and nonretarded basketball players similar in age, playing experience, and general skill level. Observational research was used to study organizational and interactional aspects of competitive games and to record individual and team playing statistics. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess levels of anxiety. Results show that even though the retarded adults studied were ostensibly playing under "normal" conditions, the games were demonstrably different from those played by nonretarded players in terms of physical setting, rules, coaching, and officiating. Retarded players performed under these conditions with significantly higher levels of anxiety and diminished team effectiveness. The broader consequences of competition in the lives of retarded players was examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Diarrhea we can treat: antibiotic-associated colitis.

C. difficile, a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus, has emerged in the past five years as a common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. The organism usually gains entry to the host during or after antibiotic treatment, which presumably alters the normal barrier function of the colonic microflora. The organism produces a cytotoxin that can be identified in stool samples by its ability to alter the cellular morphology of tissue culture cells. Infection with C. difficile produces a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild diarrhea to fulminating colitis. An important bedside clue is the presence of pseudomembranes in the rectum or sigmoid at proctosigmoidoscopy. The disease may also occur in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease where it may be confused with a relapse of the underlying disease. Treatment with vancomycin is effective, but 10% to 15% of patients may experience relapse. The major mode of transmission appears to be environmental acquisition rather than person-to-person spread.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Impact of student ratings on basic science portion of the medical school curriculum.

Student opinion questionnaires used by the Office of Research in Medical Education (ORME) at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) as one source of evaluating the curriculum established in 1970 revealed widespread dissatisfaction with many of the courses. Concern over student dissatisfaction and poor performance on both internal and external measures of achievement led to the inauguration of student ratings. With the aid of the ORME in developing questionnaires, interpreting sources of student difficulty, and providing consultation to course directors and faculty, most of the faculty eventually accepted the ratings. As a result, improvements in instruction and evaluation were brought about which increased student satisfaction with courses and improved scores on internal, statewide, and national examinations.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacist involvement in a deferoxamine education program for patients with Cooley's anemia.

A program to train patients with Cooley's anemia to self-administer deferoxamine via an intermittent infusion pump is described. A pharmacist provides the patient and his family with indepth information on the disease and on deferoxamine dosage, preparation, subcutaneous administration, stability, storage, side effects and precautions. Patients are trained by the pharmacist in aseptic technique and in use and maintenance of the intermittent infusion pump. The patient education program allows patients with Cooley's anemia to receive their daily deferoxamine therapy without the neef for frequent hospitalization.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1977

Internal review as a means of maintaining quality education in a medical school.

In order to focus attention on education, the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston adopted a system of internal review. The process was initially conducted for courses in the basic sciences by an ad hoc dean's committee consisting of representatives from the teaching faculty, administration, and student body as well as experts in medical education. As a consequence of the experience with the review of the basic science courses, the internal review process was applied to the clinical science courses and the elective programs at UTMB. The activities of the internal review process have resulted in improvements in instructional procedures and structural changes in the medical school's approach to educational planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Curriculum↗