Biomedical subjects

H Fuse

Publications and source records attributed to H Fuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Effect of mechanical unloading and reloading on periosteal bone formation and gene expression in tail-suspended rapidly growing rats.

In order to delineate the influence of mechanical unloading on the formation and resorption of trabecular and cortical bone, the effects of mechanical unloading on the volume, structure, and turnover of hindlimbs were examined using tail-suspended rapidly growing rats. In addition, to clarify the mechanism of how mechanical stimulation affects bone formation, the influence of reloading on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of genes related to differentiation or proliferation of bone cells was examined. Tail suspension of 5-week-old rats for 14 days caused a suppression of the increase in the diameter, subperiosteal area, and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur. The suppression of the increase in femoral BMD was composed of an early impairment in the gain of BMD at the femoral metaphysis, which is rich in trabecular bone, and a sustained reduction in the gain of BMD at the femoral diaphysis, which is rich in cortical bone. The early reduction in the increase of BMD at the metaphysis was due to an enhancement of bone resorption, whereas a sustained reduction of periosteal bone formation appeared to play an important role in the suppression of gain in cortical bone mass and size by mechanical unloading. Mechanical reloading of the hind limbs after 14 days of tail suspension caused a transient increase within 2 h of the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in intraosseous cells, composed mainly of osteocytes, and in the expression of c-fos in periosteal cells. However, because the COX-2 expression in osteocytes was not enhanced after 20 min of reloading when the c-fos expression was already increased in periosteal cells, the enhancement of c-fos expression does not appear to be mediated by an increased production of prostaglandins in the osteocytes. It is suggested that mechanical unloading causes an impairment of periosteal bone formation by impairing the expression of c-fos in periosteal cells. The intercellular signaling cascade that mediates the enhancement of c-fos expression in periosteal cells in response to mechanical stimulation remains to be elucidated.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1998

Ectopic prostatic tissue outside the urinary tract: a case report.

A 64-year-old man with a 4-month history of dysuria and urinary frequency had a mass behind the bladder. The preoperative diagnosis was a tumor of the left seminal vesicle, but a histologic examination revealed benign prostatic tissue. This is the seventh reported case of ectopic prostatic tissue situated outside the urinary tract.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1998

Oxidation of trichloroethylene and dimethyl sulfide by a marine Methylomicrobium strain containing soluble methane monooxygenase.

Sixteen marine methanotrophic bacteria were isolated and 14 marine methanotrophic mixed cultures were obtained. They were assayed for soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) by naphthalene oxidation and only one isolate (strain NI) was positive. Strain NI degraded trichloroehylene (TCE) more efficiently than other methanotrophic isolates containing no sMMO only under copper limiting conditions. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), one of the radiatively important trace gases released from the sea, was transformed to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by methanotrophs and the efficiency for the transformation of DMS to DMSO was not as much affected by the presence of sMMO as that of TCE. The taxonomical properties of strain NI and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA genes indicated that strain NI was a type I methanotroph belonging to the genus Methylomicrobium, and closely related to Methylomicrobium pelagicum. The partial mmoX gene of strain NI was amplified by the primers common to three other mmoX genes and its 270 bp were sequenced. 77 residues out of the 89 amino acids derived from the sequences were common among the four mmoX genes.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1998

Relationship between serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and bone turnover markers in prostate cancer patients.

To determine the relationship between the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and those of bone formation and resorption markers in prostate cancer patients, we measured the serum levels of the cytokines and examined their relationship to biochemical markers of bone turnover in 46 untreated patients with prostate cancer. The carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) levels were used as a parameter of bone formation, and the carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) levels were used as a marker of bone resorption. The relationship of these markers to the degree of bone metastasis was also examined. The serum levels of IL-6, PICP, ICTP, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were significantly higher in the patients with prostate cancer with bone metastasis (n = 23) than in the patients without bone metastasis (n = 23). The serum levels of TNF-alpha in approximately 85% of the patients were under the detectable limit (5 pg/ml). The serum levels of IL-6 were not correlated with those of PICP or ICTP, but were related to the extent of bone metastasis. These results indicate that among patients with prostate cancer, IL-6 and TNF-alpha may not play major roles in the increased bone resorption in the patients with metastatic spread to bone. Our study thus demonstrated that the serum levels of IL-6 are closely related to the metastatic burden to osseous tissue in prostate cancer patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Insulin and glucagon secretion in lactating cows during heat exposure.

Heat stress affects endocrine systems in cows. This study investigated changes in insulin and glucagon secretion between thermoneutral (TN; 18 degrees C, relative humidity [RH] 60%) and hot (28 degrees C, RH 60%) environments in lactating cows. Glucose, arginine, and butyrate were administered i.v. to four cows (mean, at 83 d postpartum) in each environment. Blood was collected via a jugular catheter at regular intervals. Heat exposure resulted in a marked increase in respiration rate and rectal temperature. A decrease in milk yield was also observed during heat exposure. Basal insulin concentrations were elevated, and basal glucose concentrations tended to be lower in the hot environment. Peak values of insulin and glucagon following the arginine injection were significantly higher in the hot than in the TN environment. The insulin peak value in response to the butyrate infusion was also higher during the heat exposure. However, insulin and glucagon responses to the glucose load were not affected by heat stress. The increase in plasma glucose concentration following arginine injection was inhibited by the heat exposure. In conclusion, heat stress resulted in a higher insulin secretion in lactating cows. Glucagon secretion in response to the arginine injection was enhanced, but the rise in plasma glucose was inhibited by heat exposure. These changes would be related to a reduction in milk yield during heat stress.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Ganglioneuroma arising in the adrenal medulla: a case report].

We report a case of adrenal ganglioneuroma. A 33-year-old woman visited our clinic with a complaint of epigastralgia. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a round mass, 4 cm in diameter, in the left suprarenal fossa. Laboratory data including endocrinological study were normal except for a mild increase of urinary excretion of dopamine. Under the diagnosis of left non-functioning adrenal tumor, surgery was performed on August 9, 1996 through flank incision. The excised tumor was well-demarcated and weighed 36.6 g. The cut surface revealed an ash-colored round tumor surrounded by thin stretched adrenal tissue. Histological diagnosis of the tumor was a ganglioneuroma originating from the adrenal medulla.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1998

[Pulmonary metastasis from renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by using thoracoscopic biopsy: a case report].

A 70-year-old woman underwent radical nephrectomy for right renal cell carcinoma and received prophylactic interferon-alpha (rHuIFN-alpha) administration for one year. Followup computerized tomography scan showed a small nodule in the right lung 39 months postoperatively. Pulmonary nodules had become multiple and increased in size (6 mm) at 53 months. To examine the pulmonary lesions, histopathologically thoracoscopic biopsy of the right pulmonary nodule was performed and the diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma was confirmed. Because of its minimal invasiveness, thoracoscopic biopsy may be indicated in selected cases.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

[Rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate in childhood: a case report].

A case of prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma in an 8-year-old boy is presented. He was referred to Kurobe City Hospital with chief complaints of urinary retention and fever. Radiologic examinations revealed a huge prostatic tumor. Prostatic needle biopsy was performed and the pathological diagnosis was embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate. He was referred to our hospital and treated with chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, actinomycin-D and radiotherapy based on the regimen of IRS III. Total prostatectomy was performed 6 months after the start of therapy. Viable tumor cells were found in the prostate and the left obturator lymph nodes. After the operation, we continued chemotherapy. No recurrence was observed 8 months after the operation. However, local recurrence occurred in the pelvis 10 months after the operation and he died 2 months after the recurrence.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1997

Polidocanol sclerotherapy for simple renal cysts.

Simple renal cysts were treated by aspiration and injection of the sclerosing agent 3% polidocanol (Aetoxisclerol) in 15 patients. All patients were followed up by ultrasound for 1-24 months. The age ranged from 35 to 81 years. There was 1 recurrence at 1 month. The efficacy of this treatment was 93%. Fourteen cysts completely disappeared, and no recurrence occurred after 1 year. Complications, such as microscopic hematuria, fever and infection, were not observed. The technique of polidocanol sclerotherapy was effective and safe.

Female↗

PubMed1997

A new compound heterozygous mutation in the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in a case of apparent mineralocorticoid excess.

Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) characterized by early-onset hypertension and hypokalemia is due to congenital deficiency of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD). Two isoforms of human 11 beta HSD are known, and the type 2 isoform (11 beta HSD2) has been recently shown to be responsible for AME. In this study we have analyzed the 11 beta HSD2 gene of a Japanese patient with AME. PCR amplification and subsequent nucleotide sequencing of the 11 beta HSD2 gene from the patient and his family members revealed that the patient has a compound heterozygous mutation of this gene. In 1 allele, an undescribed single nucleotide transition in codon 208 in exon 3 resulted in a substitution of arginine to histidine (CGC to CAC: R208H). In the other allele, a deletion of 3 nucleotides in codons 337-338 in exon 5 resulted in a substitution of arginine to histidine and a deletion of tyrosine residue (CGCTAT to CAT: R337H, delta Y338), which has been previously shown to abolish 11 beta HSD2 enzyme activity. A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay-based expression study involving the mineralocorticoid receptor indicated that the novel R208H mutation eliminates the enzymatic activity of 11 beta HSD2. From the genetic analysis of 50 healthy subjects, the novel R208H mutation was unlikely to be due to polymorphism. Together, these results indicate that this patient is a compound heterozygote for the mutation in the 11 beta HSD2 gene (R208H and R337H, delta Y338) and that these mutations inactivate the 11 beta HSD2 function and give rise to clinically manifest AME.

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1997

A new synthetic steroid, osaterone acetate (TZP-4238), increases cortical bone mass and strength by enhancing bone formation in ovariectomized rats.

A new synthetic steroid, 17 alpha-acetoxy-chloro-2-oxa-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione (osaterone acetate, TZP-4238), has a potent antiandrogenic and gestagenic action with virtually no estrogenic and androgenic activity in their classical target organs. In the present study, the effects of TZP-4238 on the structure, strength, and turnover of the rat long bones were examined. Female Wistar rats at 12 weeks of age were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with TZP-4238 or 17 beta-estradiol (E2) every day for 12 weeks. TZP-4238 significantly increased the diameters and maintained bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur of OVX rats. Although the BMD of the total femur was higher in E2-treated rats than that in TZP-treated rats, E2 did not increase the diameters of the femurs. To examine the effects of TZP-4238 and E2 on the BMD of different regions of the femur, the BMD was further analyzed by dividing it into 20 regions of equal longitudinal length. E2 increased the BMD of the distal and proximal metaphysis, regions rich in trabecular bone, but had no effect on the BMD of the femoral diaphysis compared with OVX control rats. In contrast, 2.5 and 12.5 mg/kg TZP-4238 increased the BMD of the femoral diaphysis, regions rich in cortical bone, but did not affect the BMD at the distal metaphysis. In agreement with the changes in the BMD of different regions of the femur, TZP-4238 but not E2 increased the physical strength of the femoral diaphysis assessed by a three-point bending test. Histomorphometric analyses of the cross-sections of the tibia revealed that TZP-4238 increased but E2 reduced the periosteal bone formation rate compared with OVX rats. In addition, TZP-4238 caused an increase in serum bone alkaline phosphatase with only a mild and transient decrease in urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion, while E2 reduced both of these parameters. These results demonstrate that TZP-4238 increases the dimension, BMD, and physical strength of the rat long bones by enhancing cortical bone formation, while estrogen maintains trabecular BMD by inhibiting bone resorption. Because the physical strength of long bones is affected by cortical bone mass and geometry, the effect of TZP-4238 on cortical bone may have a potential for the treatment of osteoporosis with reduced cortical bone formation.

Androgen Antagonists↗

PubMed1997

Inhibition of bone resorption by pamidronate cannot restore normal gain in cortical bone mass and strength in tail-suspended rapidly growing rats.

To clarify how the changes in bone formation and resorption affect bone volume and strength after mechanical unloading, the effect of inhibition of bone resorption by a potent bisphosphonate, pamidronate, on bone mineral density (BMD), histology, and strength of hind limb bones was examined using tail-suspended growing rats. Tail suspension for 14 days reduced the gain in the BMD of the femur at both the metaphysis rich in trabecular bone and the diaphysis rich in cortical bone. Treatment with pamidronate increased the total BMD as well as that of the metaphysis of the femur but had almost no effect on the BMD of the diaphysis in both control and tail-suspended rats. Histological examinations revealed that 14-day tail suspension caused a loss of secondary cancellous bone with a reduction in the trabecular number and thickness in comparison with control rats. In the femoral diaphysis, the diameter and cortical bone thickness increased to a lesser degree in tail-suspended rats when compared with rats without tail suspension, and a marked reduction in bone formation and the layers of alkaline phosphatase-positive cells was observed at the periosteal side. Pamidronate treatment increased secondary cancellous bone but could not restore normal growth-induced periosteal bone apposition and bone strength. Because the material strength of the femoral diaphysis at the tissue level was not affected by pamidronate treatment, the inability of pamidronate to prevent the reduction in physical strength of the femoral diaphysis does not appear to be due to a change in the quality of newly formed bone. These results demonstrate that tail suspension reduces the growth-induced periosteal modelling drift and that the antiresorptive agent pamidronate is unable to restore normal periosteal bone apposition.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1997

[Pyeloureteritis cystica].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cysts↗

PubMed1997

[Malignant lymphoma of the testis: report of two cases].

Two cases on non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHL) of the testis are reported. A 63-year-old man with left painless scrotal swelling underwent orchiectomy. Although prophylactic irradiation was performed under the diagnosis of seminoma, subsequent immunohistochemistry revealed NHL, large diffuse cell type (B type). He had stage IEA disease. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin vincristine and prednisolone was performed. The second case was in a 63-year old man with right painless scrotal swelling. Orchiectomy revealed NHL, diffuse medium cell type (B type). Because of tumor in the retrosternum, he had stage IIIEA disease. Chemotherapy and irradiation to the contralateral testis was performed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1996

Etoposide, epirubicin and carboplatin in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Twelve patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy of etoposide, epirubicin and carboplatin (EEC). At relapse, all patients had metastases to the bone and/or soft tissues. The median number of courses was 3 (range 1-10). Epirubicin was not administered in 6 patients because of heart disease. Three patients (25%) had a partial response and 8 (67%) showed no change. The overall response rate was 92%. Pain relief was observed in 4 patients (44%). Four patients were still alive after a mean observation period of 18 months (range 4-36 months), while 8 died with a mean survival period of 11 months (range 7-15 months). Nausea, appetite loss, and alopecia were observed in some patients. All except one patient experienced bone marrow suppression, 5 of whom were treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. EEC chemotherapy in hormone-refractory prostate cancer is considered to be more effective than other kinds of chemotherapy, whereas it frequently induces bone marrow suppression.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Laparoscopic varicocele ligation.

Varicocele, an abnormal dilatation of the pampiniform plexus, frequently contributes to male factor infertility. We performed laparoscopic varicocelectomy in 20 patients with varicoceles and abnormal seminal findings. The spermatic artery was identified and preserved in 13 patients and was clipped along with the veins in 7 patients including 1 patient with bilateral varicocele. The time required for the artery-ligating surgery ranged from 90 to 120 minutes with an average of 113.2 minutes, while the time needed for the artery-preserving technique ranged from 90 to 250 minutes with an average of 158.0 minutes. Some analgesics were administered to 11 patients, while the other 9 patients needed no analgesics. All patients were able to walk within 24 hours of the operation. The mean hospitalization period after the operation was 5.9 days. Sperm concentrations significantly improved postoperatively (p < 0.05). No difference in postoperative improvement of seminal findings was observed between artery-ligating and artery-preserving groups. A slight scrotal emphysema developed during the operation in 1 patient. Abdominal pain was experienced in 1 patient, but subsided within a few days. No serious complications were observed. The laparoscopic technique may replace routine open high ligation as the surgical treatment of choice, especially in patients with bilateral varicocele.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Gonadotropin therapy in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: factors affecting induction of spermatogenesis after gonadotropin replacement.

Sixteen patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received gonadotropin replacement therapy. Two patients treated with HCG alone showed induction of spermatogenesis 2 and 12 months after the start of treatment. Three subjects receiving combination therapy showed sperm appearance 6-28 months after treatment. The patients showing sperm appearance, whose testicular volume was > or = 4 ml, showed a higher sperm count and impregnated their partners, although no relationship was found between pretreatment testicular volume and sperm appearance. The response to HCG test correlated with sperm appearance after gonadotropin therapy. Sperm appearance was not observed in any subject except for one who showed no response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) test and none of the patients without response of FSH to LH-RH demonstrated any induction of spermatogenesis. In conclusion, the responses to LH-RH test and possibly to HCG test could predict the induction of spermatogenesis after gonadotropin replacement therapy, and a large testicular volume is associated with post-treatment fertility.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Measurement of residual urine volume using a portable ultrasound instrument.

A portable ultrasound unit (BladderScan BVI 2000) has been developed which offers a non-invasive procedure to determine urine volume. This study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of measurements by this method. A high correlation was demonstrated between the catheterized volume and ultrasound estimation (r = 0.98, p < 0.0001). In patients with residual urine of > 50 ml, the unit could correctly identify 93%. This instrument is useful in estimating the residual urine volume, and its application is recommended as an alternative to catheterization for the determination of residual urine.

Adult↗