Biomedical subjects

H Furuoka

Publications and source records attributed to H Furuoka.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Antibody reactivity to Cryptosporidium parvum in saliva of calves after experimental infection.

Antibodies against Cryptosporidium parvum in the saliva and sera of three calves experimentally infected with this parasite were examined by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test and immunoblotting. Salivary anti-C. parvum IgA antibody appeared on day 12 post-challenge and had a tendency to increase transiently between days 15 and 30 post-challenge. Salivary anti-C. parvum IgG antibody levels showed a gradual increase along with the change in IgA antibody levels during the infection. In contrast, serum anti-C. parvum IgA antibody levels showed only a slight increase between days 15 and 30 post-challenge. Serum anti-C. parvum IgG antibody levels rose on day 12 post-challenge and one calf maintained relatively high level up to the end of the experiment. In immunoblotting, an antigen with a molecular mass of 15 kDa was found to react strongly to salivary IgA antibody and a 27 kDa antigen to react to serum IgG antibody.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Comparison of enterotoxicity between autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale L.) and colchicine in the guinea pig and mouse : enterotoxicity in the guinea pig differs from that in the mouse.

Autumn crocus poisoning of cattle is characterized by severe diarrhea caused by alkaloid colchicine. Previously, we examined pathologically this poisoning in cattle and reported that enterotoxic lesions were closely associated with apoptosis. To examine enterotoxicity of autumn crocus more precisely, a reproductive study was performed using guinea pigs and mice, and pathological findings associated with autumn crocus poisoning were compared with those of colchicine. Each group of guinea pigs given the bulb of autumn crocus or colchicine exhibited severe diarrhea. Histopathological findings in intoxicated guinea pigs were entirely consistent with those in the autumn crocus-poisoned cattle. In contrast, each group of mice administered with the bulb or colchicine did not develop diarrhea. Our results confirmed that the toxicity of autumn crocus bulb is attributable to the toxicity of ingredient colchicine, and revealed that the guinea pig has high reproducibility of autumn crocus poisoning in cattle and colchicine poisoning in humans. It has been reported that the physiological mechanism of the apoptotic process for eliminating the enterocytes in the mouse and rat differs from that of the guinea pig, monkey, cattle and horse. Taking the observation that the former animals do not develop diarrhea, whereas the latter animals do so in the autumn crocus or colchicine poisoning into consideration, it would seem that the species-difference in enterotoxicity of autumn crocus may be closely associated with the physiological mechanism of eliminating the effete enterocytes.

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PubMed2000

An encephalopathy with argyrophilic inclusions in a Holstein-Friesian cow.

The brain of a 6-year-old Holstein cow, which showed progressive neurologic symptoms during several months, was examined by histopathologic methods. Many round or oval-shaped cytoplasmic inclusions were observed, mainly in neurons of the temporal lobe and the hippocampus. Those inclusions were faintly eosinophilic with hematoxylin and eosin and positive with Bielschowsky's silver stain. Immunohistochemically, the inclusions were recognized by antiubiquitin and antiphosphorylated tau antibodies. Ultrastructurally, the inclusions were globular and well demarcated from the rest of the cytoplasm, lacked limiting membranes, and were mainly composed of straight fibrils about 15 nm in width. The structure of the inclusions was similar to that of Pick bodies in Pick's disease of humans. The pathogenesis of this bovine condition is not known.

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PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical study of some cytoskeletal proteins in hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle.

We have investigated the expression, using immunohistochemical and Western blot methods, of some cytoskeletal proteins including desmin, vimentin, actin, alpha-actinin, and ubiquitin in hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle (the histochemical and electron microscopical aspects have been previously reported). Immunohistochemically, the expression of desmin was observed strongly in the subsarcolemmal regions, but was lacking or faint in the area corresponding to the core-like structures. Vimentin showed almost the same localization as desmin, but no activity could be observed in the core-like structures. In addition, the core-like structures showed strong immunoreactivity for actin and ubiquitin, but no immunoreactivity for alpha-actinin. F-actin stained with phalloidin-tetramethyl-rhodamine was strongly positive in irregular spots that corresponded to the core-like structures, but was negative for desmin-positive regions. Western blot analysis of the diseased muscles revealed a significant increase in the amount of desmin and vimentin immunoreactivities and similar amounts of actin and alpha-actinin compared with the control muscles. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed no isoforms of desmin, suggesting the absence of abnormal phosphorylated forms of desmin. Since the co-localization of desmin and vimentin and the absence of phosphorylated desmin suggest that the overexpression of desmin may be reflected in the reactive change or regenerating process, the present myopathy should be regarded as an entity separate from desmin-storage myopathy or desmin-related myopathies. We also discuss the possibility that the present myopathy could be considered as myofibrillar myopathy, a recently proposed nosological entity.

Actinin↗

PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies of myocardial inclusions in hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle.

In hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle, the largest number of acidophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions was found in the myocardium. These inclusions, which were oval and measured 12-15 microm in the transverse sections, were characterized by a dense, amorphous zone, and a relatively hyalinized sarcous substance in paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin (H & E)-stained sections. Histochemically, each inclusion was stained intense red and dark green with H & E and Gomori's trichrome, respectively. NADH-TR activity was absent. The region surrounding the inclusions was less acidophilic with H & E, and showed an increased activity with NADH-TR. The inclusions showed no immunoreactivity for desmin, vimentin, actin or alpha-actinin, while strong desmin immunoreactivity was observed in the region surrounding the inclusion. Some inclusions showed strong immunoreactivity for ubiquitin, but others reacted only faintly. Ultrastructurally, the inclusion had a dense core composed of myofibrillar aggregations. The periphery of this dense core was surrounded by thin or intermediate-sized filaments, which corresponded to the desmin-positive area. This alteration was sometimes found to be continuous with the Z disk, which showed streaming or disintegration or with the desmosome of the intercalated disk. We discuss here the similarity between this specific inclusion and the other alternative organelles that have been reported previously in cardiomyopathy or in cardiac lesions associated with various myopathies.

Actins↗

PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical demonstration of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen in the pancreatic islet cells of cattle with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The pancreatic islets were studied in seven cattle with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) associated with persistent bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection. BVDV antigen was detected immunohistochemically in the pancreatic islet cells. There was a decrease in the size and number of islets, vacuolar degeneration of residual islet cells, and lymphocytic insulitis. The atrophied islets were composed of small uniform cells with limited amounts of cytoplasm, containing a small number of insulin- and chromogranin-positive granules. Enlarged islets consisting of islet cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were also frequently observed. Many of the vacuolated islet cells differed from the cells of normal islets in containing fewer cytoplasmic insulin- and chromogranin-positive granules. Mild lymphocytic insulitis was observed frequently in enlarged islets but rarely in atrophied islets. Immunoreactivity with BVDV antibody was found in the acinar cells of the pars exocrina in all seven cattle and in the residual cells of the islets of Langerhans of four cattle. BVDV antigen-positive cells were seen more frequently in the enlarged islets than in the atrophied islets. Some islets with lymphocytic infiltrates showed a small number of antigen-positive cells. These findings suggest that autoimmune IDDM was induced by persistent BVDV infection, resulting in gradual destruction of the islet beta cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

A case of a dog with thickened calvaria with neurologic symptoms: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

A 6-year-old female mongrel dog weighing 9.0 kg was presented ananastatic, with clouding of consciousness, bilateral loss of hearing and depressed reactivity of the eyes to light. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed that the calvaria was markedly thickened with compression to the cerebrum and cerebellum. The case of a dog with thickened calvaria with compression of the cerebrum and cerebellum which could not be diagnosed by conventional measures was amenable to diagnosis by MRI. With increased application of MRI examination, such canine cases might increase in number.

Anemia↗

PubMed1999

Morphological study on pigmented cells in the horse testis.

One of the most attractive characteristics of a horse testis is the change of the weight during development. As the testicular weight changes and the number of Leydig cells decreases, pigments appear in interstitial tissues. In the present study, the characteristics of the pigments found in the interstitial tissues were examined histochemically and ultrastructurally. Specific stainings indicated that the pigmented granules showed almost all of the histological and histochemical characteristics of ceroid or ceroid-like pigment. The cells showed positive reaction for acid phosphatase while the pigmented cells contained a lot of lysosomes ultrastructurally. These results suggest that macrophages might phagocytize Leydig cells, and store their digested materials as ceroid-like pigment.

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PubMed1999

Peripheral nerve lesions in a case of equine motor neuron disease.

A male 14-year-old Arab horse was pathologically diagnosed as equine motor neuron disease (EMND), which was kept as a breeding horse on a farm in Tokachi district of Hokkaido in Japan. On examination of the peripheral nerves, the most characteristic feature was Wallerian-type degeneration revealed by myelinoclasis associated with myelin ovoids which were sometimes infiltrated by macrophages. The other abnormalities were axonal swellings which were surrounded by thin myelin sheaths. Ultrastructurally, the axonal swelling was due to an accumulation of neurofilaments, and was accompanied by a thin and degenerating myelin sheaths. In teased nerve fiber preparations, the most conspicuous change was myelinoclasis represented by segmentation into myelin ovoids or balls. Occasionally, segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration characterized by multifocal axonal swelling were observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas in twelve cattle with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).

Histological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out on the pancreas of twelve cattle of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). They showed clinical signs such as persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria and decreased glucose tolerance, and some cases accompanied with or without ketonuria. Histopathologically, eight cattle were diagnosed as chronic IDDM, while others were acute IDDM. The most characteristic lesions of the pancreas in chronic IDDM showed a decrease in the size and number of pancreatic islets, interlobular and interacinar fibrosis, mild lymphocytic insulitis, and vacuolation of a few islets. Almost all cells in the atrophied islets had a small amount of ungranulated cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the atrophied islet cells did not react to anti-insulin antibody, but occasionally reacted to anti-glucagon or somatostatin antibodies. A few solitary islets with mild lymphocytic infiltration, necrotic islets with occasional calcification, and atrophied islets with mild fibrosis were also observed. A few islets consisted of many islet cells with vacuolated cytoplasm including a small number of insulin-positive granules. Accumulation of glycogen granules was occasionally observed in these islets. Islet fibrosis was due to the proliferation of collagen fibers reactive to both anti-collagen type I and type III antibodies. In acute IDDM, the major islets consisted of the cells with vacuolated cytoplasm indicating the degranulation of islet cells. These islets contained many islet cells with shrunken cytoplasm and karyorrhectic nuclei. Lymphocytic infiltration was frequently observed in the islets which consisted of many islet cells having karyorrhectic nuclei and vacuolated and severely degranulated cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, islet cells with vacuolated cytoplasm had a small amount of insulin-positive granules, suggesting severe degranulation of beta-cells. An increase in acinar islet-cells and proliferation of ductal epithelial cells showing insulin-immunoreactivity were observed. Bovine IgG-immunoreactive islet cells were frequently seen in the vacuolated islets. In summary, pathological observations suggested that beta-cells were being destroyed by an inflammatory process which selectively affected the pancreatic islets. Lymphocytic insulitis and anti-bovine immunoreactive islet cells were thought to be the most significant changes in determining the etiology and pathogenesis of bovine IDDM, and suggested their role in anti-islet autoimmunity in this form of diabetes.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Supplementary report on experimental autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale L.) poisoning in cattle: morphological evidence of apoptosis.

Previously we reported that tissue destruction characterized by the presence of karyopyknotic, karyorrhectic and mitotically arrested cells was seen in alimentary epithelial cells and lymphocytes in the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems of cattle experimentally administered with autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale L.). This report deals with the mechanism of acute cellular injury following experimental autumn crocus poisoning in cattle as demonstrated by the in situ DNA strand break analysis and electron microscopy. The analyses revealed that cellular injury caused by autumn crocus was closely associated with apoptosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical detection of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase and hormones of the islets of Langerhans in spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in cattle.

Immunohistochemical expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme was detected in the pancreatic islets of 12 cattle with spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The most characteristic changes were atrophy and decreased number of pancreatic islets, enlarged islets with vacuolated beta cells, and lymphocytic islet adenitis. Atrophied islets were composed of small islet cells without cytoplasmic insulin-positive granules. Immunohistochemically, GAD was not found in the cytoplasm of atrophied islet cells. Furthermore, enlarged islets consisting of islet cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were frequently observed. The cytoplasm of vacuolated cells contained very few GAD- and insulin-positive granules, indicating beta cell destruction. Enlarged islets with mild lymphocytic infiltrates were frequently observed. These findings suggest that islet cells in cattle with IDDM lose their insulin synthesis function and their ability to regulate hormonal secretion of alpha and delta cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Idiopathic peripheral neuropathy in the horse with knuckling: muscle and nerve lesions in additional cases.

We have previously reported a pathological investigation of peripheral neuropathy in a horse with knuckling. This report describes details of the muscle and peripheral nerve lesions in two additional cases of light horse yearlings with knuckling. The skeletal muscles showed neurogenic atrophy characterized by scattered single angular fibers, fiber grouping, and fiber-type grouping. The severity of muscle lesions increased distally; that is, both fore- and hindleg muscles were affected more severely than cervical and dorsal muscles. In the peripheral nervous system, a number of Renaut bodies appeared to be common in the nerve fascicles. Pathological alterations indicating demyelination, remyelination and regeneration of nerve fibers were occasionally observed. The most common abnormality was myelin ovoids or myelin debris infiltrated by macrophages. Occasionally, myelinated axons were seen containing accumulations of organelles, often associated with buckling of the myelin. The myelin sheath occasionally formed axonal outpouching containing accumulations of mitochondria and dense lamellar bodies. Histochemically, intramuscular nerve fibers presented multiple arborization and collateral ramification, indicating relapsing denervation and reinnervation. Also seen were the fibers with myelin balloons or swollen segments considered as being degenerative processes. The distribution patterns of muscular lesions in the affected animals were indicative of systemic distal denervation atrophy. In addition, peripheral nervous lesions that selectively involve the distal parts of axons and an absence of abnormalities in neuronal cell bodies in the spinal cord suggest a dying-back neuropathy. It was concluded that this disease should be classified as a distal axonopathy.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of intracranial nervous-system tumours in four cattle.

Intracranial nervous-system tumours were diagnosed in three of 1092 bovine necropsy specimens submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University between April 1983 and March 1996. A fourth case was a referral from the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Rakuno Gakuen University. Histopathological examination revealed four types of tumour: intracranial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), choroid plexus papilloma, differentiated fibrillary astrocytoma and anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma. Immunohistochemically, the intracranial MPNST was strongly positive for S-100 protein and vimentin, and in places weakly positive for glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). The choroid plexus papilloma was strongly positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), keratin, S-100 protein and vimentin, and positive for GFAP in places. The cytoplasm and fibrous component in the differentiated fibrillary astrocytoma were strongly positive for S-100 protein and GFAP. The anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma was strongly positive for vimentin, S-100 protein and keratin in the cytoplasm and fibrous processes, and weakly positive for GFAP and EMA in places. Myelin basic protein (MBP) and synaptophysin showed a weak positive reaction in the marginal areas of the tumour.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Differentiation between chondroma and squamous cell carcinoma: evaluation of subtraction image of MRI.

The image processing procedure has become widely applied as a visual aid in imaging diagnosis. The subtraction image of MRI obtained by digitally subtracting an unenhanced image from a contrast-enhanced image, depicted a discrete distribution of the contrast agent. Subtraction images in the clinical cases were compared. The subtraction image in a case of chondroma demonstrated a relatively uniform distribution of a contrast agent, with a well delineated neoplastic lesion. The subtraction image in a case of squamous cell carcinoma, the contrast agent was distributed heterogeneously in the carcinoma and well permeated into the muscle. Different patterns of subtraction image were obtained in the clinical cases of chondroma and squamous cell carcinoma in this study. The findings suggest the potential usefulness of the subtraction image for diagnosing the degree of malignancy.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Histopathological study of experimental acute poisoning of cattle by autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale L.).

Crude or dehydrated bulbs of autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale L.) were fed to eleven calves. All the calves developed severe diarrhea and died or euthanized within 63 hr. At necropsy, the gastro-intestinal mucosa was edematous and hemorrhagic. Histologically, necrosis and degeneration with karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis were shown in the basal cell layer of the tongue, esophagus, forestomach, renal pelvis, urinary bladder, neck cell layer of the abomasal gastric glands, and intestinal cryps. These findings were also seen in Kupffer cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, and lymphocytes in the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems. The lesion of the present acute crocus poisoning of cattle closely resembled those reported in humans with colchicine intoxication. Refined acetone extract of organs of poisoned cattle proved to contain colchicine and demecolcine by high performance liquid chromatography.

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PubMed1997

Characterization of differentiation antigens expressed in bovine lymphosarcomas.

To characterize the cell-surface antigens expressed in tumour cells derived from bovine leukosis and to determine their cell lineages, the immunophenotypes of the tumour cells from 13 bovine lymphosarcomas were examined with 13 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Of 13 cattle with lymphosarcomas, four were identified clinically as having the thymic-type sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL) and one as having the skin-type; two had enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and six were untypable. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the tumour cells from nine cases were of T-cell lineage (BoCD5+, BoCD2+ or BoCD2-) and two were of B-cell lineage (MHC-II+, BoCD5+, IgM+); there were two bovine leukaemia virus-infected cattle (EBL). T-cell tumours appeared to originate from immature (BoCD4-, BoCD8-) T cells, but there was no significant relationship between clinical type (EBL, calf-, skin- and thymic-type) and tumour-cell immunophenotype.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

p53 mutation as a potential cellular factor for tumor development in enzootic bovine leukosis.

Mutations of p53 in the lymphocytes from peripheral blood and from tumoral lymph nodes in six naturally occurring bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cows were examined. A point mutation of the p53 gene was found in three of six (50%) BLV-infected cows. These p53 gene mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions of codons 144, 167 and 241. The BLV-infected cow in the tumor stage had abnormally proliferating monoclonal B-lymphocytes having the p53 mutation. However, the mutation was not found in somatic cells, except for tumor cells. These results show that p53 mutation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of BLV-induced neoplasms, and that the B-lymphocyte bearing p53 mutations may be a target cell for tumor formation of enzootic bovine leukosis.

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