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Biomedical subjects

H Fukushima

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukushima.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The structure, frequency, and forensic application of the STR locus D16S543 in the Japanese population.

D16S543 is a complex STR locus consisting of five types of repeat units. The frequency distribution and genetic characteristics of this locus in Japanese were investigated using blood samples from 124 unrelated Japanese and 15 families. Alleles were detected using denatured polyacrylamide gels followed by automated analysis on an ABI 373 sequencer using Genescan software 672. Twenty-one alleles were identified, ranging in size from 281 to 489 bp. An allelic ladder containing the 21 alleles was constructed and used as a typing standard. The repeat unit arrays allowed the 21 alleles to be classified into three distinct groups, including alleles 1 to 7 in group I, alleles 8 to 14 in group II, and alleles 15 to 22 in group III. The alleles in group II were characterized by the insertion of one repeat unit of CAGG, one of AAAG, and three of AAGG, while the group III alleles differed from those of groups I and II by the insertion of a total of 32 repeat units ranging in 5 types. Within each group, the alleles differed from each other only in one 5' side tetranucleotide AAGG. The power of discrimination (Pd) and the estimated heterozygosity were calculated to be 0.989 and 0.934, respectively. Typing of this locus was successfully applied in four old forensic materials. The study presented herein demonstrates that D16S543 is a highly polymorphic and applicable locus in Japanese.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical evaluation of roxatidine acetate hydrochlorides as a preanesthetic medication].

Roxatidine acetate hydrochloride capsule is slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and its acid suppressive effect on the stomach is long-lasting compared with other H2-blockers. The reduction of gastric juice in perioperative period is considered advantageous for patients not only because it decreases the risk for aspiration pneumonia but also because it reduces the risk of bronchial spasm induced by gastroesophageal reflux of acidic gastric content. The effects of single oral administration of roxatidine acetate hydrochloride 150 mg at night before the operation on the volume and pH of gastric juice were investigated during anesthesia using two types of anesthetic agents (isoflurane and propofol) in 93 patients of three age groups (group Y: age 20-40, group M: age 41-64, group O: age 65 <). The effect of roxatidine on reduction of gastric juice was found at the time of anesthetic induction and 2 hours after the induction in any age group with either anesthetic agent. The serum concentration of roxatidine at the time of induction was much higher in group O. The value of residual concentration of roxatidine 20 hours after oral intake was estimated from the intraoperative measurements of serum concentration. The results suggest that single administration at night before the operation is sufficient for the oldest group, but an additive dose is recommended for the younger groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar, axillary and plantar hyperhidrosis: intermediate-term results].

From June 1996 to June 2000, 477 endoscopic thoracic sympathectomies (ETS) were performed in 242 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis. Among these, 190 patients were studied who received bilateral sympathectomy (T 2-T 3 ganglionectomy) and were followed for over six months. There were 114 females and 76 males with a mean age of 26 years. Palmar hyperhidrosis was found in all patients and axillary hyperhidrosis in 138 (73%) and plantar hyperhidrosis in 186 (98%) preoperatively. The degrees of palmar, axillary and plantar perspiration were checked immediately (1-2 weeks, 190 patients), as well as in the early (1 year, 190 patients) and late (2-4 years, 65 patients) postoperative periods. In all patients, the hands became dry or normal condition immediately after the operation, and this continued to late period. Disappearance or decrease of axillary sweating was found in 128 patients (93%) in the immediate period and 107 patients (78%) in the early period. Disappearance or decrease of plantar sweating was found in 134 patients (72%) in the immediate period and 115 patients (62%) in the early period. Among 65 patients examined in the late period, axillary hyperhidrosis was found in 24 (37%), and plantar hyperhidrosis was found in 52 (80%). Compensatory sweating was found in 80 patients (42%) in the immediate period and 137 patients (72%) in the early period. In the late period, compensatory sweating developed in 56 patients (86%). In the immediate period, 175 patients (92%) were satisfied with the results of the operation, but this decreased to 83% and 72% at early and late period. However ETS was remarkably effective for palmar or axillary hyperhidrosis and relatively effective for plantar hyperhidrosis, but development of compensatory sweating did occur in some cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Epizootiological survey of hantavirus among rodent species in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Province, China.

Hantaviral antibodies were detected in the sera from Apodemus (A.) agrarius and A. peninsulae captured in Ningxia province, China by several different serological diagnostic methods. A total of 409 sera from rodent and insectivore species were collected in 1999 and examined by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA). Among them, 19 of 191 (9.9%) sera of A. agrarius and 1 of 13 (7.7%) sera of A. peninsulae were positive for hantaviral antibodies. The other species (Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Cricetulus triton, and Sorex cylindricauda) were negative. The reaction pattern of positive serum was characterized as scattered and granular virus antigens in the cytoplasm of hantavirus infected Vero E6 cells. Some of the A. agrarius sera positive for hantavirus were further examined by Western blotting (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT). By WB, positive sera showed the same specific reaction pattern of baculovirus-expressed recombinant hantaviral nucleocapsid protein, as shown in hantavirus-immune serum. By ELISA, IFA-positive sera showed significantly higher optical densities (around 1.0) than the negative A. agrarius sera. Hantaan type hantavirus was neutralized with the positive sera. These results suggest that A. agrarius have hantavirus infection and may play a role as a reservoir animal for hantavirus in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Province, China.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Frequent alterations of the beta-catenin and TCF-4 genes, but not of the APC gene, in colon cancers with high-frequency microsatellite instability.

High-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) due to defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a characteristic of the majority of tumors from kindreds with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and a subset of sporadic cancers. To better understand the molecular characteristics of colon cancers with MSI-H, we analyzed these cancers for alterations of genes, such as APC, beta-catenin, and TCF-4 genes, involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. Following the National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria, 385 unselected colon cancers were classified as follows: 50 (13%) MSI-H tumors, 36 (9%) low-frequency MSI (MSI-L) tumors, and 299 (78%) microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. The frequency of APC mutations was significantly lower in MSI-H tumors (9 out of 50) than in MSI-L (12 out of 20) and MSS (66 out of 100) tumors (P = 0.0005 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, the frequency of exon 3 mutations in the beta-catenin gene was higher in MSI-H tumors (10 out of 50) than in MSI-L tumors (0 out of 30; P = 0.0110) and MSS tumors (3 out of 100; P = 0.0010). Frameshift mutations in a (A)9 tract of the TCF-4 gene were detected in 44% (22 out of 50) of MSI-H tumors, but not in any of the 20 MSI-L tumors or 40 MSS tumors. In total, 78% of MSI-H tumors and 84% of the remaining tumors had at least one alteration in APC, beta-catenin, or the TCF-4 genes. Although further analysis is needed to functionally characterize the consequences of each of these alterations on beta-catenin/TCF target gene expression, our results suggest that the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in colon tumorigenesis, irrespective of MSI status.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Frequent association of 22q11.2 deletion with tetralogy of Fallot.

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion causes DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and sporadic or familial TOF. To determine the prevalence and clinical importance of the 22q11.2 deletion in TOF, a series of 212 Japanese TOF patients was studied. The type of pulmonary blood supply, which may lead to various clinical outcomes, and other additional anomalies were evaluated clinically. The 22q11.2 deletion was diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with N25 and TUPLE1 probes. Of the 212 patients examined, 28 (13%) had a 22q11.2 deletion, the frequency being higher than that in TOF patients with trisomy 21. The prevalence of the deletion in TOF patients with pulmonary atresia (PA) plus major aortico-pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA) was significantly higher than the value in patients with PA plus patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (P = 0.04) or with pulmonary stenosis (PS) (P < 0.0001). All 28 patients with 22q11.2 deletion had one or more extracardiac abnormalities. Four of 9 patients with the 22q11.2 deletion and TOF-PA-MAPCA suffered from bronchomalacia, while none of 19 patients with TOF-PA-PDA or TOF-PS manifested bronchomalacia (P = 0.006). These results indicate that 22q11.2 deletion is the most frequent cause of syndromic TOF, especially for TOF-PA-MAPCA, and bronchomalacia is the clinically most important associated anomaly in TOF-PA-MAPCA patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Investigation of ACTBP2 mutations in the Japanese population.

In the investigation of ACTBP2 (human beta-actin related pseudogene H-beat-Ac-psi-2) mutation in the Japanese population, 230 meioses were analyzed, and two cases of paternal mutations were observed. Paternity confirmation analyses were carried out using seventeen genetic marker systems including erythrocyte antigens, HLA types, D1S80, and nine STR loci contained in the AmpFlSTR Profiler Kit. Excluding ACTBP2, the paternity probabilities for the two cases were each calculated to be over 99.99%. Genotyping of the ACTBP2 locus was performed using the fluorescence detection method under denaturing conditions on an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer. After sequencing analysis using the BigDye terminator method, the paternally originated alleles of the two children were found in one case to show one repeat insertion and in the other case one repeat deletion as compared with each father. Although the number of meioses observed in this study is limited, it appears that ACTBP2 mutations are not rare events in the Japanese population.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Ventricular septal defect associated with microdeletions of chromosome 22q11.2.

Microdeletions of chromosome 22q11.2 (del.22q11) cause DiGeorge syndrome, velo-cardio-facial syndrome, and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, which are commonly associated with conotruncal heart anomalies. Approximately 15% of the patients manifest ventricular septal defect (VSD), and the conal septal type of VSD has been proposed to be associated with del.22q11, since it is categorized as a conotruncal anomaly. However, the types of VSD associated with del.22q11 remain poorly studied. The purpose of this study is to assess whether conal septal VSD or other types of VSDs are associated with del.22q11. We analyzed the chromosomes of 22 consecutive patients with conal-septal VSD, prospectively, and evaluated the types of VSD observed in 3 patients with del.22q11, retrospectively. Del.22q11 was not detected in any of the 22 patients with conal septal VSD. All the VSDs observed in the 3 patients with del.22q11 were a perimembranous type of VSD, which is not a conotruncal anomaly. Our results suggest that perimembranous VSD can be associated with del.22q11, but del.22q11 is not a common cause of conal-septal VSD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Application of short tandem repeat of genomic DNA and mitochondrial DNA for identification of mixed-up tissue specimens.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing methods, short tandem repeat of genomic DNA and mitochondrial DNA with the use of polymerase chain reaction amplification, were applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues submitted for diagnosis, to identify and sort out mixed-up tissue specimens. These techniques were found to be reliable, reproducible and specific for personal identification, and thus to eliminate the need for further examinations and to prevent unnecessary surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Differential scanning calorimetry of light meromyosin fragments having various lengths of carp fast skeletal muscle isoforms.

Various recombinant light meromyosin (LMM) fragments were prepared from cDNAs encoding the 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C types of myosin heavy chain isoforms predominantly expressed in fast skeletal muscles of the 10 degrees C- and 30 degrees C-acclimated carp, respectively. These included three kinds of quarter fragments, 1/4-, 2/4-, and 4/4-quarter, composed of residues 1-130, 131-270, and 401-563 from the N-terminus, respectively, as well as three halves, N-, M-, and C-half fragments, containing residues 1-301, 131-400, and 302-563, respectively, and 69K fragments of residues 1-525. Unfortunately, in spite of extensive efforts, the 3/4-quarter fragment was not expressed for both 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C types in our expression system using Escherichia coli. All the LMM fragments except for the 10- and 30-2/4 quarters for the 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C types, respectively, exhibited a typical pattern of a-helix in CD spectrometry. When these were subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 30 degrees C-type LMM fragments were all found to be more thermostable than the 10 degrees C-type counterparts. To identify amino acid substitutions responsible for different thermostabilities between the 10 degrees C- and 30 degrees C-type LMMs, six mutant proteins were prepared, mainly focusing on substitutions in the C-terminal half of LMM, and subjected to DSC and CD analyses. For three mutants in which two residues of the 10 degrees C type were replaced by those of the 30 degrees C type, 10-S355T/T361A, 10-M415L/L417V, and 10-S535A/H536Q, the endothermic peaks in DSC increased by 1.4-2.0 degrees C from that of the original 10 degrees C type. The T(m) values for two single-residue substitutions, 10-H449R and 10-T491I, shifted 0.8 and 1.3 degrees C higher than that for the 10 degrees C-type LMM, respectively, whereas the last mutant, 10-G61V, showed no change in thermostability. The finding that the difference in T(m) values for major endothermic peaks from the 10-69K and 30-69K fragments was 4.6 degrees C, which roughly corresponds to that between the original 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C types, suggested that the eight substitutions located in the C-terminal region of the 69K fragments (residues 302-525) are major candidates for the residues responsible for the difference in thermostability between the 10 degrees C- and 30 degrees C-type LMMs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Selective isolation of eae-positive strains of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.

Culture on cefixime, tellurite, and sorbitol-MacConkey agar after HCl treatment facilitated the growth of 410 (94%) of 436 eae-positive Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains and 17 (16%) of 107 eae-negative STEC strains. This selectivity was closely related to acid resistance in E. coli and tellurite resistance in eae-positive STEC strains.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed2000

Infrequent widespread microsatellite instability in hepatocellular carcinomas.

Widespread or high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI) due to the defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) occurs in the majority of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and a subset of sporadic malignant tumors. The incidence of MSI and underlying DNA MMR defects have been well characterized in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis, but not in hepatocarcinogenesis. To address the issue, we analyzed 55 Japanese hepatocellular carcinomas using several indicators of DNA MMR defects, such as microsatellite analysis, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutation analysis of MMR genes, methylation of hMLH1 promoter, and frameshift mutations of mononucleotide repeat sequences within possible target genes. Mutation of beta2-microglobulin gene, which is presumably involved in MSI-positive tumor cell escape from immune surveillance was also examined. Some of these analyses were also carried out in 9 human liver cancer cell lines. None of the 3 quasi-monomorphic mononucleotide markers sensitive for MSI, BAT26, BAT25, and BAT34C4 presented shortened unstable alleles in any of the carcinoma, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis tissues, or cell lines. LOH at MMR genes was infrequent (4.4 approximately 7.1%), and no mutations were detected. Neither hMLH1 hypermethylation nor frameshift mutation in the target genes was detected. No mutations were found in beta2-microglobulin. Widespread MSI due to the defective DNA MMR appears to play little if any part in Japanese hepatocarcinogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Surgical treatment for spontaneous hemopneumothorax complicated by delayed re-bleeding: a case report].

A 34-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to spontaneous hemopneumothorax. A chest tube drainage was performed, and hemorrhagic plueral effusion of 1,600 ml was drained. Because of this, the patient was transferred to the emergency center of our hospital. Following a blood transfusion, we continued to treat conservatively for nine days, because no more bleeding was recognized. On day ten, the patient suddenly started bleeding again, thus, an emergency operation was performed. At the operation under a thoracoscope, a bleeding point was ligated with surgical clip, however, it was difficult to remove blood clots that were attached with the lung surface, it was impossible to continue the thoracoscopic surgery. If re-bleeding occurs after the acute phase, problems may arise from conservative treatment. So, early surgical treatment should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 protein is less frequent in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability.

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been reported in gastric cancers. However, the relationship between expression of COX-2 and clinico-pathological or genotypic features has not been elucidated. To address the issue, expression of COX-2 protein was analyzed in 100 gastric cancers as well as 7 gastric cancer cell lines by using immunoblot analysis. Overexpression of COX-2 in cancer tissues compared with matched non-cancerous tissues was found in 70% of cases and was significantly associated with lymphatic involvement, lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage. Interestingly, overexpression of COX-2 was less frequent in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI) than in those without MSI (8/20 vs. 62/80, p < 0.01). Expression of COX-2 protein was detected in some gastric cancer cell lines without MSI at various levels, but not in those with MSI. Our results suggest that overexpression of COX-2 may play an important role in tumor progression of gastric cancer and also support the notion that gastric cancers with and without MSI represent distinctive pathways of carcinogenesis. We also observed a reduction of MSI phenotype after aspirin or sulindac treatment in a hMLH1-defective gastric cancer cell line SNU-1, which lacks COX-2 expression. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:400-403, 1999.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed1999

Electrophysiological delineation of the tachycardia circuit in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.

BACKGROUND: The exact boundaries of the reentry circuit in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) have not been convincingly defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: To define the tachycardia circuit, single extrastimuli were delivered during AVNRT to 8 sites of the right intra-atrial septum: 3 arbitrarily divided sites of the AV junction extending from the His bundle (HB) site to the coronary sinus ostium (CSOS) (sites S, M, and I) and the superior (S-CSOS), inferior (I-CSOS), posterior (P-CSOS), and posteroinferior (PI-CSOS) portions of the CSOS and the CSOS in 18 patients. The mean tachycardia cycle length (TCL) was 368+/-52 ms. Retrograde earliest atrial activation was observed at the HB site in all patients. The longest coupling intervals of single extrastimuli that reset AVNRT at sites S, M, I, I-CSOS, CSOS, S-CSOS, P-CSOS, and PI-CSOS were 356+/-51, 356+/-51, 355+/-52, 357+/-51, 318+/-47, 305+/-53, 311+/-56, and 312+/-56 ms, respectively, and the following return cycles at these sites were 368+/-52, 368+/-53, 367+/-53, 367+/-53, 407+/-66, 431+/-73, 415+/-55, and 412+/-56 ms, respectively. The longest coupling intervals at sites S, M, I, and I-CSOS did not differ from each other and were longer than those at CSOS and S-, P-, and PI-CSOS (P<0.0001). The return cycles at sites S, M, I, and I-CSOS did not differ from the TCL, whereas those at CSOS and S-, P-, and PI-CSOS were longer than the TCL (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The perinodal atrium extending from the HB site to I-CSOS was involved in the tachycardia circuit. I-CSOS was thought to be the entrance of the slow pathway.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Identification of a fimbriae-associated haemagglutinin from Prevotella intermedia.

Prevotella intermedia, a putative periodontopathic microorganism, possesses various types of fimbriae (surface appendages). Some of these surface structures mediate the adherence of the organism to several mammalian erythrocytes, resulting in the agglutination of the erythrocytes. Prevotella intermedia fimbriae were solubilized and separated by preparative SDS gel electrophoresis followed by preparative isoelectric focusing to determine which fimbrial component(s) were responsible for the haemagglutinating activity exhibited by these bacteria. Heat treatment of isolated fractions which exhibited haemagglutinating activity revealed the presence of two types of haemagglutinating activity which were either heat sensitive or resistant. Analysis of isolated fractions, which exhibited haemagglutinating activity that were heat labile, by Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a 3.8 kD peptide. The purified peptide had a pI of 4.8-5.0. Examination of fractions containing this peptide by electron microscopy showed the presence of fimbriae. Immunogold labelling showed that mouse antibodies raised against the 3.8 kD peptide bound specifically and extensively to P. intermedia fimbriae. It appears that this peptide is a fimbriae-associated haemagglutinin and may represent a major constituent of the fimbriae. Further, fractions exhibiting haemagglutinating activity that were heat resistant, which were recovered at a pH of 3.5 in preparative isoelectric focusing of fimbrial samples, did not possess any detectable major protein bands as shown by analytical gel electrophoresis. However, silver stained gels for the detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed the presence of LPS-like components in these fractions. In addition, LPS isolated from whole cells showed a similar electrophoretic pattern and exhibited the haemagglutinating activity that was heat resistant. The results of this study strongly suggest that P. intermedia possesses the machinery to agglutinate erythrocytes, which may be a contributing factor in its colonization in vivo.

Animals↗