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Biomedical subjects

H Fukui

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukui.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Natural killer cell activity in the rat. VI. Characterization of rat large granular lymphocytes as effector cells in natural killer and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activities.

The present study examined rat natural killer (NK) cells, which mediate not only NK activity but also antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK and ADCC activities were compared with regard to organ distribution, strain distribution, Percoll fractionation of the effector cells, effects of aging, and potential to be augmented by biological response modifiers (BRM). Like NK activity, appreciable ADCC activity was observed in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), splenic leukocytes (SPL), and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), but not in cell preparations from the peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), bone marrow (BM), and thymus (THY). ADCC activity, when compared with NK activity, was significantly higher in PBL but the same or lower in SPL and PEC. In terms of strain distribution, a high NK/ADCC strain (rnu/rnu), four intermediate NK and high ADCC strains (PVG/RTLRL, Lewis, PVG/OLA, and F344), an intermediate NK/ADCC strain (WF/N), and a low NK/ADCC strain (Buffalo) were observed. Fractionation of effector cells on discontinuous Percoll gradients revealed that both NK and ADCC activities were associated with relatively high-density large granular lymphocytes (LGL). In contrast, ADCC but little or no NK activity was associated with lower density LGL. However, the NK activity of this lower-density LGL population could be elicited following the in vitro incubation with a number of BRM, including rat interferon (IFN) and OK-432, but not rat interleukin-2 (IL-2). In general, the ADCC activity of both higher and lower density LGL-enriched cell populations correlated with both the frequency of FC gamma R+ LGL and the percentage of LGL binders to antibody-coated P815 target cells. The present study also has shown that in contrast to NK activity, which remained relatively stable with age, ADCC activity from F344 but not WF/N rats increased until 30-50 wk of age. This increase of ADCC activity in older F344 rats was accompanied by an increase in the percentage and absolute number of lower density FC gamma R+ LGL. This study demonstrates a number of similarities and differences between NK and ADCC activities in the rat. These findings should be useful for further examining and comparing the in vivo development and biological role of these two effector arms of the immune system.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Activity of blood coagulation factor XIII as a prognostic indicator in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Efficacy of factor XIII substitution.

UNLABELLED: Determination of coagulation Factor XIII (F XIII)-related parameters in 21 patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura documented a significant decrease of F XIII activity as well as of the F XIII-related antigenic determinants. Subgroup analysis with regard to the clinical symptoms showed an even further decrease of these parameters in patients with gastrointestinal complications. Stimulated by these findings a substitution therapy with a F XIII concentrate was initiated in those patients whose F XIII activity in plasma remained low and who developed severe abdominal pain accompanied by persisting gastrointestinal bleeding. This therapeutic approach not only corrected the laboratory data, but more important led to a cessation of pain and bleeding. A rapid decrease of F XIII levels after transfusion below 40 U/ml was indicative of relapse of abdominal symptoms, while increasing values were associated with the recovery of the patients. IN CONCLUSION: F XIII activity determinations appear to have a predictive value in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and the administration of F XIII concentrates may contribute to the improvement of gastrointestinal complications.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Purification of L-dopa decarboxylase from rat liver and production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against it.

L-DOPA decarboxylase [DDC, aromatic-L-amino acid carboxyl-lyase, EC 4.1.1.28] was purified 800-fold from rat liver by several column chromatographic steps. The enzyme (specific activity, about 6 mumol/min X mg protein) had a molecular weight of 100,000 and gave a single band with a molecular weight of 50,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point was pH 5.7. The absorption spectrum in the visible region of the purified DDC showed maxima at 330 and 420 nm. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against DDC were produced by using this purified protein as an antigen. Polyclonal anti-DDC serum immunoprecipitated the DDC activities of rat, guinea-pig and rabbit livers (about 1, 10, and more than 100 microliter of antiserum, respectively, were required for 50% precipitation of 2 nmol/min of activity of these enzymes). The monoclonal antibody, named MA-1, belonged to the IgG1 subclass and immunoprecipitated the DDC activities of rat and guinea-pig livers to the same extent (about 0.5 micrograms of IgG was required to immunoprecipitate 2 nmol/min activity of each enzyme), but it did not affect the rabbit enzyme. The antibody MA-1 detected DDC molecules of both the purified enzyme and crude homogenate of rat liver blotted onto a nitrocellulose sheet. Immunohistochemically this antibody also stained specific neurons in the substantia nigra, raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus of rat brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Solubilization and characterization of the nitrendipine receptor in rat brain.

The nitrendipine receptor associated with the voltage-dependent calcium channel in rat brain was solubilized by detergent extraction and sonication. The detergent solution used for extraction consisted of 10 mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 0.25% (wt/vol) polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether (Brij 58), and 0.025% (wt/vol) polyoxyethylene 17 cetyl stearyl ether (Lubrol WX) in the presence of 30% (wt/vol) glycerol as a stabilizer. The molecular weight of the receptor was estimated to be 1,800K by Sephacryl S-500 gel filtration and 800K by sucrose density gradient sedimentation. The equilibrium dissociation constant of [3H]nitrendipine to the solubilized receptors was 5.6 nM, which is approximately 10 times that of the membrane-bound receptor. The binding of nitrendipine to the receptor was inhibited noncompetitively by the structurally unrelated calcium channel inhibitors verapamil and prenylamine; their concentrations for 50% inhibition were both 1.0 X 10(-7) M, and they caused maximal inhibitions of 70 and 100%, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Studies on the promoting effect of lipid-surfactant mixed micelles (MM) on intestinal absorption of colloidal particles. Dependence on particle size and administration site.

The effect of oleic acid-HCO60 mixed micelles (MM) on the absorption of colloidal particles by the large intestine was investigated using the in situ closed loops of rats. Two species of colloidal particles with different sizes, colloidal inks (Platinum ink 2.4-10 nm, Rotring ink 100-800 nm) and colloidal gold particles (mean particle size 5, 20, 40 nm) were chosen. Macroscopic observation showed that in the case of Platinum ink the staining of the mucus of the whole large intestine was promoted by MM and the staining of the rectum remained even after removing the mucus layer. The regional lymph nodes and the thoracic lymph was also stained. On the other hand, in the case of Rotring ink, the stain in the large intestine after removing the mucus layer, in lymph nodes and in the thoracic duct lymph was not observed. The results of quantitative experiments using colloidal gold particles indicated: 1) the upper size limit of colloidal particles absorbed by the large intestine, under the influence of MM was approximately 40 nm, 2) colloidal gold particles were transported from the intestine selectively into the lymphatics and accumulated in the regional lymph nodes, 3) the absorption of colloidal gold particles was largely promoted by MM in the rectum area.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Time- and dose-dependent responses of brain histamine to intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal administrations of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF1-44).

Changes in the level of histamine (HA) in rat brain induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administrations of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF1-44) were studied. HA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the anterior hypothalamic region, posterior hypothalamic region, median eminence, adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. GRF1-44 (1-10 micrograms, i.c.v.) induced significant time- and dose-dependent increases in the concentration of HA in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system and time-dependent decrease of HA in the hippocampus. In contrast, after i.p. administration of GRF1-44 (10 micrograms) the level of HA in the hypothalamus tended to decrease but the total amount of H-1 receptors in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system did not change. Circadian variations in the GRF-induced HA and growth hormone responses were also observed, responses being lower in the evening than in the morning. It is concluded that GRF interacts with HA at the central level to optimize the function of the somatotropinergic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Don Daeng village in northeast Thailand: population (2). An estimate of migration by mortality and fertility rates].

"The population dynamics of Don Daeng, a rice-growing village in Northeast Thailand, was studied as part of an integrated village study program in 1981-1984. The mortality and fertility rates since the 1930s were determined from data obtained by interviewing 232 ever-married women who gave birth to 876 children, while those for the preceding periods were estimated from the village population in three separate years and by extrapolation of the trend since the 1930s, which was adjusted for the results of the national censuses....[Results indicate that] immigration dominated until the early 1940s, when paddy acreage could no longer be expanded, and since then emigration has taken place." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Agriculture↗
PubMed1987

[A 6-day subrenal capsule assay for predictive testing of primary esophageal cancers].

Subrenal Capsule Assay (SRCA) as a chemosensitivity test was performed on 14 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in order to select a more effective form of chemotherapy. Of the 14 assays, 12 were evaluable. Mice were treated with anticancer agents (e.g. Cisplatin, Bleomycin, Methotrexate, Vindesine) on days 1 and 3 after transplantation, and on day 6, the sensitivities were determined. Fresh esophageal cancers yielded an evaluable assay rate of 74%. The implant grew progressively for six days in the remaining group of control mice. Histologically, host cell infiltration at the border of the implant was observed from day 3 after transplantation, and cells had degenerated or had been partially replaced by scar tissue by day 6. The results of chemosensitivity tests differed according to the anticancer agent used or from case to case. Clinically, correspondence between the assay results and clinical results was obtained in 5 out of 7 cases. SRCA is a new promising chemosensitivity test which is clinically useful, and the present results indicated the feasibility of its use in developing an effective chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Combined chemotherapy with cisplatin in esophageal cancer].

Combined chemotherapy with cisplatin was performed in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Two types of administration schedule were used: method I (three-drug combination of cisplatin, bleomycin and methotrexate) and method II (combination of cisplatin, peplomycin and methotrexate). Of 16 cases, 6 (37.5%) showed partial remission. With regard to the method of administration, the response rate for method I was 33%, and that for method II was 43%. Nausea (84%), vomiting (56%), loss of appetite (94%), malaise (75%) and alopecia (25%) were observed as side effects. Nausea and vomiting were ameliorated by use of metoclopramide. In bloodchemistry, anemia (87%), leukopenia (56%), thrombopenia (31%) and increase of BUN (63%) were observed. However, these changes were ameliorated by hydration or blood transfusion. Combined chemotherapy with CDDP should be a more useful future treatment for esophageal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

In vitro characterization of various factor VIII concentrates.

The in vitro properties of 5 heat-treated Factor VIII (F VIII) concentrates were studied and compared with those of conventional non heat-treated concentrates with special reference to F VIII/von Willebrand Factor (vWF) activities. The heat-treated F VIII concentrates were found to contain about 25 U/ml of F VIII: C as indicated on the label, 59.5-103.3 U/ml of F VIII: Ag, 20.0-74.0 U/ml of ristocetin cofactor activity (RCof), and 67.3-96.0 U/ml of vWF: Ag. The F VIII/vWF activities in the heat-treated concentrates were almost the same as those in the 6 non heat-treated concentrates. The antihemophilic factor (AHF)-cryoprecipitate contained 2.3 U/ml of F VIII: C which was roughly equivalent to the amount of F VIII: Ag. In addition, it contained 7.3 U/ml of RCof which was equivalent to the amount of vWF: Ag. The ratio of F VIII: Ag to F VIII: C in the F VIII concentrates ranged from 2.5 to 4.4. The ratio of vWF: Ag to RCof in the concentrates ranged from 1.1 to 4.8. There were, however, no significant differences in F VIII/vWF activities between the heat-treated and the non heat-treated F VIII concentrates with two exceptions. These findings suggest that the inactivation of the biological activities of F VIII and RCof, and/or the denaturation of both the F VIII: C protein and the vWF protein antigen occurred during the production procedure, while the heat-treatment did not lead to further changes of F VIII/vWF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1987

Antitumor activity of a Streptococcus pyogenes preparation (OK-432). I. Sequential effector mechanisms following a single OK-432 injection in F344 rats leading to the rejection of syngeneic MADB106 tumor cells.

The effector mechanisms evoked in tumor-bearing rats following a single injection of the avirulent Su strain of type 3, group A Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432) were sequentially examined. F344 rats challenged ip with a lethal dose of the syngeneic MADB106 mammary carcinoma could survive more than 100 days when given 50 mg OK-432/kg ip 1 day after tumor challenge. When the responsible effector mechanisms were examined in this therapeutic model, two distinct effector phases distinguished by the number of tumor cells were evident. Phase I, 1-6 days following OK-432 injection, resulted in a sharp decrease in tumor cell numbers and was related to the direct antitumor cytotoxicity of OK-432 and was coincident with an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. However, by day 6 a sharp increase in tumor cell numbers was again observed. Subsequently, a second phase of tumor cell destruction was observed 7-20 days following OK-432 injection and was reflected in a strong lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity response as well as the production of complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody against the MADB106 tumor cells. Further, the adoptive transfer of either peritoneal exudate cells or sera from the phase II animals revealed that both factors may be responsible for the antitumor activity observed in this therapeutic model. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the antitumor effects seen with OK-432 are due to a combination of sequential effector mechanisms leading to the eventual rejection of established tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Antitumor activity of a Streptococcus pyogenes preparation (OK-432). II. Analysis of the cytotoxic lymphocytes induced by OK-432 injection into tumor-bearing F344 rats.

In the present study, the antigenic phenotype and target cell specificity of the cytotoxic lymphocytes observed in F344 rats following the ip inoculation of a syngeneic MADB106 mammary carcinoma and the single injection of OK-432 were examined. When the cytotoxicity of peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) was measured in a 4-hour 51Cr release assay, appreciable cytotoxicity against MADB106 tumor cells was evident by day 7-14 following OK-432 injection. With the use of an antibody (R1-3B3) and complement depletion of cytotoxic PECs, the MADB106 killer cells appeared to consist of both R1-3B3- (non-T) and R1-3B3+ (T) cells, with most of the anti-MADB106 killing residing in the R1-3B3- cell population. The R1-3B3- killer cells were further defined as: a) phenotypically asialoGM1+, b) present in athymic nude rats, and c) accompanied by some augmentation of YAC-1 killing [the prototype rat natural killer (NK) target], suggesting that some of these R1-3B3- killer cells were typical NK cells. However, it was also observed that most of the R1-3B3- cells that killed MADB106 tumor cells were: 1) phenotypically or functionally different from either cytotoxic T-cells or typical NK cells; 2) observed only in MADB106 tumor-bearing rats challenged with OK-432; 3) not present on day 1-2 following OK-432 injection, the time when YAC-1 killing was maximally augmented; and 4) present in high numbers in a secondary response following reinoculation of the MADB106 tumor cells into cured rats. The in vivo relevance and possible derivation of these various cytotoxic lymphocyte populations in the syngeneic tumor-bearing hosts are discussed.

Animals↗