Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Fukui

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukui.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[A case of esophagopleural fistula successfully cured by conservative therapy after middle and lower lobectomy of right lung].

We experience a case of esophagopleural fistula successfully cured by conservative therapy after the lung cancer operation. A 46-year-old man was received middle and lower lobectomy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right lung. Complication of empyema associated with an esophagopleural fistula occurred on postoperative 4th day. Conservative therapy of nothing by mouth, intravenous hyperalimentation and antibiotics was started. Three thoracic drains were inserted and the thoracic irrigation of total 3,000 ml warm saline per day twice on one day was continued. The esophagopleural fistula was closed on 6th week and the patient was discharged on 11th week after the therapy start. This complication is much rare, but recent advance in the diagnostic methods seemed to increase the indication of conservative therapy in future.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Reg gene expression is increased in rat gastric enterochromaffin-like cells following water immersion stress.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Reg gene has been isolated from regenerating rat pancreatic islets, and subsequent studies have shown a trophic effect of Reg protein on islet cells. However, little is known about the role of Reg protein in the stomach. The aim of this study was to clarify the localization of Reg messenger RNA (mRNA) and its product in the stomach and to examine changes in the level of their expression during regeneration of gastric mucosal cells. METHODS: Gastric lesions were experimentally induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by water immersion stress. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization studies were performed to examine changes in mRNA levels. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to identify the cellular localization and to investigate the change in Reg protein level. RESULTS: Reg mRNA and its product were distributed in the basal part of the oxyntic mucosa and were expressed mainly in enterochromaffin-like cells. Levels of both Reg mRNA and its product were markedly increased in the water immersion-induced gastric lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Reg mRNA and its product are expressed in gastric enterochromaffin-like cells, and their levels are increased during the healing process of water immersion-induced gastric lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Genotypes and multiple infections with hepatitis C virus in patients with haemophilia A in Japan.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was tested for, and HCV genotypes determined, in 96 patients with haemophilia A in Japan. Of 88 patients aged > or = 10 years, 74 (84%) were positive for HCV RNA at a frequency higher than that in patients aged less than 10 years (one of eight, 13%, P < 0.001). Genotype I/1a was detected in 30(40%), II/1b in 12 (16%), III/2a in eight (11%), IV/2b in five (7%) and V/3a in 12 (16%); mixed infection with HCV of two different genotypes was identified in the remaining nine (12%). This distribution was markedly different from that in 767 Japanese HCV carriers without haemophilia, in whom II/1b accounted for the majority (68.7%), I/1a was rare (0.5%), V/3a was absent, and mixed infection was observed rarely (1.3%). Mixed infection was transient in all of the seven haemophilic patients who were followed for 1 to 7 years. One of them was infected with genotype II/1b and an unclassifiable genotype, which showed nucleotide sequence similarity to genotype 4c from Zaire (82% homology in the E1 gene) and to 4a from Egypt (91% homology in a part of the NS5b region). In this patient, HCV of genotype II/1b disappeared while that of group 4 survived during a 4-year observation period. These results indicate different epidemiology of HCV genotypes in Japanese haemophiliacs, attributable to HCV contaminating factor VIII imported in the past, and an increased opportunity in haemophiliacs for mixed infection with HCV of different genotypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Mechanisms of the suppression of the bladder activity by flavoxate.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to clarify the primary site of action of flavoxate, clinically used for the treatment of urinary frequency. METHODS: In rats, the effect of flavoxate on contractile responses in isolated detrusor strips, bladder contraction induced by pelvic nerve stimulation, isovolumetric rhythmic bladder contractions, and pelvic nerve activity were examined. In decerebrated cats, flavoxate was microinjected into the nuclei in the pons, and its effect on reflex micturition was observed. RESULTS: Flavoxate suppressed carbachol- and calcium ion (Ca2+)-induced contractions of isolated detrusor strips in a noncompetitive and a competitive manner, respectively. Intravenous flavoxate suppressed both initial phasic, and later tonic, bladder contractions induced by electrical stimulation of the distal end of the pelvic nerve. It abolished isovolumetric rhythmic bladder contractions and the associated efferent pelvic nerve activity, without affecting baseline vesical pressure and afferent pelvic nerve activity. When administered intracerebroventricularly or intrathecally, it abolished isovolumetric rhythmic bladder contractions. Flavoxate microinjected into the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (PoO; pontine micturition inhibitory region) of decerebrated cats inhibited the reflex micturition, but had no effect when microinjected into the locus coeruleus alpha (pontine micturition center) or locus subcoeruleus (pontine urine storage center). CONCLUSIONS: Flavoxate suppressed the micturition reflex primarily by facilitating the inhibitory action of the PoO on the descending pathways from the pontine micturition center to the sacral parasympathetic intermediolateral nuclei.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Regulation of the human histamine H1 receptor stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

1. The human H1 receptor gene expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHOhumH1) encodes a classical histamine H1 receptor with a pharmacology similar to that of the H1 receptor found in guinea-pig cerebellum and the endogenously expressed human H1 receptor in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells as determined by [3H]-mepyramine binding studies. 2. In CHOhumH1 cells, histamine induced a concentration-dependent rise in inositol phosphates (EC50 2.23 +/- 0.97 microM) and a rapid increase of [Ca2+]i, followed by a sustained increase of [Ca2+]i upon addition of 100 microM histamine. 3. Short-term exposure of CHOhumH1 cells to histamine (100 microM) resulted in a decrease of subsequent histamine-induced Ca2+ responses. The histamine-induced desensitization appeared to be heterologous as the ATP-induced Ca2+ response was also found to be affected. 4. The process of heterologous histamine-induced desensitization of the Ca2+ response in CHOhumH1 cells can be ascribed to an alteration at the level of the intracellular Ca2+ pool, as the Ca2+ response of caffeine (10 mM), which releases Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores was also attenuated upon short-term histamine exposure. 5. In CHOhumH1 cells the PKC activator, PMA, was found to inhibit the histamine (100 microM)-induced Ca2+ response concentration-dependently (IC50 0.2 +/- 0.03 microM) as well as the ATP (100 microM)-induced Ca2+ response. However, this inhibition was only partial and less effective than histamine-pretreatment. Moreover, in CHOhumH1 cells PKC downregulation induced by long-term exposure to PMA (1 microM) did not affect the histamine-induced desensitization nor did pretreatment with the specific PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220 (10 microM), indicating that in CHOhumH1 cells PKC is probably not involved in the heterologous desensitization. 6. Long-term treatment of CHOhumH1 cells with histamine or other H1 agonists resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in the number of H1 receptor binding sites (maximal reduction: 47 +/- 5%). 7. Long-term exposure of CHOhumH1 cells to ATP or PMA did not affect H1 receptor density. 8. Both histamine (100 microM)- and ATP (100 microM)-induced Ca2+ responses were affected upon long-term exposure of cells to histamine (100 microM), which might be explained by an alteration at a level distant from the receptor. 9. These results show that in CHOhumH1 cells the human histamine H1 receptor is susceptible to short-term and long-term receptor regulation in which PKC does not seem to play a role. The CHOhumH1 cells therefore provide an excellent model system for studying the mechanism(s) of PKC-independent H1 receptor regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Role of albumin and high-density lipoprotein as endotoxin-binding proteins in rats with acute and chronic alcohol loading.

In the present study, the role of albumin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as endotoxin (Et)-binding proteins in chronically alcohol-fed rats was studied. In acute ethanol-loaded rats, the Et clearance in the blood was slightly prolonged, and the amount of albumin and HDL- bound Et in the blood was markedly increased. In chronic ethanol-loaded rats, the Et clearance was significantly faster than that in the control, and HDL-bound Et was increased. In the chronic ethanol-fed rats with an additional 5 g/kg body weight of ethanol load, the Et clearance was much prolonged, and blood tumor necrosis factor and ALT was elevated, when HDL-bound Et was not further increased. Et-binding capacity of total proteins, albumin, and HDL in the hepatocyte culture medium were increased when the Kupffer cells were preincubated in the medium containing ethanol, and the resultant culture supernatant was added to the hepatocyte culture system. In the culture experiment in the chronic ethanol-loaded rats, such increases were not observed. These results suggest that the increase in Et-binding capacity of HDL and albumin may serve as a protective mechanism against Et in chronic ethanol-loaded rats. An addition of high-dose ethanol to these rats may lead to impaired Et binding and inactivation, which may finally result in increased endotoxicity.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1996

Relationship between Symptom Development and Actual Sites of Infection in Leaves of Anthurium Inoculated with a Bioluminescent Strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae.

The infection process of bacterial blight of anthurium was monitored with a bioluminescent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. The relationship between symptom expression on infected leaves (assessed visually) and the extent of bacterial movement within tissues (evaluated by bioluminescence emission) varied among anthurium cultivars. In several cultivars previously considered susceptible on the basis of symptom development alone, bacterial invasion of leaves extended far beyond the visually affected areas. In other cultivars previously considered resistant, bacterial invasion was restricted to areas with visible symptoms. In three cultivars previously considered resistant, leaves were extensively invaded by the bacterium, and yet few or no symptoms were seen on infected leaves. The pathogen was consistently recovered from leaf sections emitting bioluminescence but not from sections emitting no light. At an early stage of infection, no significant differences in the percentages of infected areas as determined by visual assessment were observed in any of the cultivars. However, differences among cultivars were detected by bioluminescence as the disease progressed, because bacterial invasion was not always accompanied by symptom expression. In susceptible cultivars, the advancing border of infection was 5 to 10 cm inward from the margins of the visible symptoms and often reached to the leaf petiole even when symptoms were visible in <10% of the total leaf area. Comparisons of anthurium cultivars in which a nondestructive method was used to quantify the severity of leaf infection by a bioluminescent pathogen have enabled us to evaluate susceptibility and resistance to bacterial blight accurately. Such evaluations will be of importance in breeding resistant cultivars for disease control.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

0/w-emulsion of alpha-linolenic acid stabilized with hydrophobized polysaccharide. Its effect on the growth of human colon cancer cells.

To pursue a systemic administration of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is a selective cytotoxic agent, we formulated an ALA o/w-emulsion stabilized by cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP-55-2.1) and trioctanoylglyceride (TriC8). This emulsion was stable even in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Peroxidation of ALA was drastically depressed by the emulsification using CHP. In addition, cytotoxic effect of the CHP/ALA/TriC8-emulsion against human colon cancer cell (RPM14788) was much higher than that of free ALA. However, no significant difference was observed in cell internalization efficiency of ALA between the two. These results suggest that difference in the cytotoxicity between the CHP/ALA/TriC8-emulsion and free ALA may come from difference in the intracellular behavior of ALA.

Caprylates↗
PubMed1996

A new adherent form of an attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (eaeA+, bfp-) to the intestinal epithelial cells of chicks.

The adherent site of "attaching and effacing Escherichia coli" (AEEC; O103: H-, SK-1 strain) on the intestinal epithelial cells of chicks infected naturally and experimentally was ultrastructurally investigated. The eaeA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the SK-1 strain of E. coli isolated from the intestinal content of a chick infected naturally, however, the bundle-forming pilus (bfp) gene could not be detected. The SK-1 strain (bfp-) of AEEC could attach to the intestinal epithelial cell and induce attaching-effacing lesions in the intestine of chicks. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous pilus-like microfilaments in the space between colibacilli and the membranes of the intestinal epithelial cells. The present study suggests that SK-1 strain (eaeA+, bfp-) may attach closely to the intestinal epithelial cells by a novel adhesion different from bfp.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Safety profile of porcine factor VIII and its use as hospital and home-therapy for patients with haemophilia-A and inhibitors: the results of an international survey.

A multicentre retrospective survey was conducted to re-assess the use of porcine factor VIII (HYATE:C), its side effects and the selection of patients for regular or home-therapy. 15,152,000 units of HYATE:C were used by 154 patients. The median inhibitor cross-reactivity to porcine VIIIC of 137 patients was 15%, 27% of patients lacking cross-reactivity. An absent, intermediate or brisk specific antiporcine anamnestic response was observed in 29, 40 and 31% of patients respectively. Seven patients were treated on-demand as home-therapy for a median 6.2, range 1.5-13 years, 23 further patients were treated regularly in hospital for a median of 3, range 2-7 years. This group used 8,319,000 U of porcine VIIIC for 2,000 bleeding episodes. The incidence of transfusion reactions was 0.001%, 0.64% and 2.3%, for domiciliary infusions, infusions in multiply treated in-patients, and unselected in-patient infusions, respectively. The risk of reactions was dose-related. A post-infusion fall in platelet count was common, but usually transient and clinically insignificant. This was also dose-related (r = -0.64, p = 0.002). Marked reductions in platelet count were occasionally seen, usually with intensive replacement therapy. The relative lack of side effects observed amongst patients treated at home is attributable to the low, median 33 U/kg, dose used by this group. A subgroup of inhibitor patients, identifiable by their absent or modest anamnestic response to porcine factor VIII may be treated regularly and safely with this product in small doses, over a period of years.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[A case of AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) producing gastric cancer successfully treated with FEP (5-FU, Epirubicin, cisplatin) therapy by continuous venous daily infusion of 5-FU and low-dose CDDP].

We reported our experience with a case of AFP producing gastric cancer with liver metastasis successfully treated with FEP therapy by continuous daily venous infusion of 5-FU and low-dose CDDP. A 59-year-old male was diagnosed with liver metastasis 2 months after partial gastrectomy of gastric cancer and then admitted. The patient received five courses of 24-hour continuous infusion of CDDP (5 mg/day, on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and 5-FU (250 mg/day, on day 1, 3, 5) and bolus infusion of Epirubicin (10 mg/day, on day 3). No remarkable side effect was encountered. Complete response at the liver metastasis was observed by CT scan. Serum AFP level was down from 614 ng/ml to the normal range of 0.5 ng/ml after the therapy. The patient has been well for 10 months with complete remission.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

[The influence of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) on respiro-circulatory condition in patients with portal hypertension--the effect of oxygen administration].

We studied the influence of EIS on the respiro-circulatory condition of patients with portal hypertension. Subjects were fifty patients with portal hypertension who were successfully injected more than 5.0 ml of sclerotant into varices. A prospective randomized controlled trial was proposed to elucidate the effect of prophylactic administration of pure oxygen. Twenty-five patients inhaled pure oxygen (O2), remaining twenty-five patients did not during EIS. Respiro-circulatory function of patients was evaluated by monitoring O2 saturation, pulse rate and blood pressure during EIS. PaO2 was measured before and after EIS in seven patients without O2. EIS by the 5% ethanolamine oleate with iopamidol (EOI) was performed under X-ray monitoring. O2 saturation in patients without O2 inhalation was lowered, whereas that in patients with O2 inhalation was stable during EIS. O2 saturation during injection of EOI and after EIS in patients without O2 inhalation was significantly lower than that in patients with O2 inhalation. Pulse rate was significantly lower and a rise in blood pressure was smaller in patients given O2. No significant differences of PaO2 was noted before and after EIS. In conclusion, the monitoring of O2 saturation, pulse rate and blood pressure is necessary during EIS. Prophylactic administration of pure oxygen may be useful for prevention of hypoxic state and respiro-circulatory stabilization during EIS.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Structure of the histamine H1 receptor gene and transcriptional up-regulation of the H1 receptor].

Genomic clones of rat, guinea pig and human histamine H1 receptors were isolated with bovine H1 receptor cDNA used as a probe. They were all intronless genes. Amino acid sequence homologies among H1 receptors from four species were high in transmembrane domains and intracellular regions adjacent to membrane domains. The human H1 receptor gene was located in the chromosome 3p25. Four polyadenylation signals were found in the 3' noncoding region. TATA box and CACCC sequences, AP-1 binding site-like, AP-2 binding and NF-GMb binding sequences and many other binding sequences for inducers were found in the 5' noncoding region. Two H1 receptor mRNA bands with 3.0- and 3.5-kilobases were expressed in human peripheral tissues. The 5' noncoding region of the human H1 receptor gene possessed promoter activity, and the activity was enhanced 2.5-times by a protein kinase C-activating phorbol ester. H1 receptors in HeLa cells were time- and dose-dependently up-regulated by phorbol ester. This up-regulation was involved in the activation of the H1 receptor gene expression.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Protective mechanism of high-density lipoprotein against endotoxemia in chronic alcohol ingestion.

In the present study, we evaluated the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as an endotoxin-binding protein in chronically alcohol-fed rats. Although the blood endotoxin level was significantly elevated in chronic ethanol-loaded rats, compared with control rats, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ALT, and lactate dehydrogenase were not elevated. Serum HDL and its endotoxin-binding capacity were significantly increased in chronic ethanol-loaded rats. When Kupffer cells isolated from control and chronic ethanol-loaded rats were cultured in the medium containing 3 to 30 mg/dl HDL and endotoxin (500 ng/ml), endotoxin uptake and TNF production of Kupffer cells were decreased in proportion to the concentration of HDL in the medium. These results suggest that the increase in endotoxin-binding capacity of HDL may serve as a protective mechanism against endotoxin in chronic ethanol-loaded rats.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1995

Mobilization of gastric histamine during repeated administration of a proton potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor in intact and antrectomized rats.

Intact and antrectomized female rats were treated with the potent proton pump inhibitor, E3810 (daily 40 mg/kg weight, s.c.) for 4 weeks. Plasma gastrin concentration and urinary excretion of N-terminal big gastrin increased until day 14 and persisted at a high level in intact rats treated with E3810, but did not increase in antrectomized rats. Urinary excretion of histamine increased progressively and reached 7 times the control value following 4 weeks of treatment with E3810 in intact rats, but not in antrectomized rats. At the termination of the treatment, the endocrine cell density in the oxyntic mucosa of intact rats had increased by 85% with increased histamine content and elevated histidine decarboxylase activity, while antrectomized rats showed a low histamine level and low histidine decarboxylase activity. Administration of gastrin-17 I (10 micrograms/kg weight, sc) itself caused a significant increase in urinary excretion of histamine, which was inhibited by the specific gastrin receptor antagonist, L-365,260. These results suggests that the massive urinary excretion of histamine caused by the treatment with E3810 reflects gastrin-induced mobilization of gastric histamine and that neither E3810 itself nor E3810-induced luminal pH elevation has direct effects on mobilization of oxyntic mucosal histamine.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1995

Helicobacter pylori increases gene expression of hepatocyte growth factor in human gastric mucosa.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces hyperproliferation of the gastric mucosa. This study was designed to clarify whether H. pylori infection is involved in the gene expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a potent stimulator of cell proliferation in gastric mucosa. Levels of HGF mRNA were determined by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in endoscopic gastric biopsy specimens from 9 control subjects and 9 patients with H. pylori infection. In patients with H. pylori infection, levels of HGF mRNA in gastric mucosa were significantly higher than those in control subjects. HGF mRNA levels in patients with H. pylori infection were correlated with the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation. Our observations indicate that H. pylori infection increases the expression of HGF gene in gastric mucosa probably through the mucosal inflammation.

Adult↗