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Biomedical subjects

H Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukuda.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of dietary casein and soybean protein on triglyceride turnover in rat liver.

We previously found that hepatic lipogenic enzyme induction, fatty acid synthesis, and triglyceride level were markedly lower in rats fed soybean protein than in those fed casein (Iritani et al. (1986): J. Nutr., 116: 190). After labeling triglycerides with tritiated water, the effects of dietary protein on the triglyceride degradation have been investigated. After the injection of tritiated water into rats, the radioactivities of fatty acids and triglycerides reached a plateau in 1-2 days and were markedly lower in the soybean protein group than in the casein group. The decreasing rates of triglyceride radioactivities were similar between the casein and soybean protein groups. The enzyme activities in glycerolipid synthesis were similar between the groups. Therefore, the lowering effects of soybean protein on triglyceride levels appear to be ascribed to triglyceride synthesis (due to fatty acid synthesis) rather than to the degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Archer's shoulder. Recurrent posterior subluxation and dislocation of the shoulder in two archers.

Two right-handed archers presented with posterior instability of the shoulder. A 19-year-old Japanese and a 26-year-old white male archer developed pain and instability of the shoulder of 6 months' duration. Both had engaged in archery for several years. Both exhibited a positive apprehension test and recurrent posterior subluxation and dislocation by flexing the arm to 80 degrees with internal rotation. Both could reduce the instability with a snap by extending the arm. For the subluxation, Neer's inferior capsular shift procedure via a posterior approach was performed. For the dislocation, a posterior bone block was added to the inferior capsular shift. The posterior capsular redundancy was marked in both cases. At 5 and 9-years follow up respectively, both were doing archery and full activities without pain. These cases are thought to be examples of how a repetitive force can cause shoulder instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Comparative studies on the antitumor activity of the fluorinated pyrimidines 5'-DFUR, tegafur, UFT and FUra on various murine tumors].

Antitumor activities of fluorinated pyrimidines by oral administration were compared with various murine tumor models. 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) showed a better antitumor activity in terms of the growth inhibition and increase of the survival time than those of 5-fluorouracil(FUra), tegafur and UFT, particularly with respect to the chemotherapeutic indices. The activity of these fluorinated pyrimidines were further investigated in more detail with mice bearing colon 26 adenocarcinoma to suggest some means to optimize their treatment regimens in clinical trials. 5'-DFUR showed the activity irrespective of the size of tumor mass at the time of start of therapy. Additionally only 5'-DFUR was safely administered to the mice daily for long period up to more than 100 days, suppressing the tumor growth and increasing the survival to great extent.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Functional significance of subtypes of 5-HT receptors in the rat spinal reflex pathway.

1. The functional significance of subtypes of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors was studied in the rat spinal reflex pathway. 2. Ketanserin had no effect on the mono- (MSR) or polysynaptic reflex (PSR) in spinal rats, but decreased the PSR in intact rats. 3. 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) decreased the MSR and increased the PSR in spinal rats. 4. Ketanserin antagonized the effects of 5-MeODMT without antagonizing the effects of 8-OH-DPAT. 5. Cinanserin had similar effects to those of ketanserin. 6. These results suggest that both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors mediate MSR inhibition and PSR augmentation in the spinal reflexes of spinal rats, and that the 5-HT2 receptor has a supraspinal tonic excitatory influence on the PSR in intact rats.

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1988

Inhibitory effect of phencyclidine on rat spinal reflexes.

1. The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on spinal reflexes and the excitability of motoneuron somata were studied in rats. 2. PCP decreased both the monosynaptic reflex (MSR) and the polysynaptic reflex (PSR) in spinal rats as well as in intact rats. 3. The effects of PCP were not antagonized by monoaminergic and cholinergic antagonists. 4. A low dose of PCP antagonized the PSR augmentation but not the MSR augmentation caused by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). 5. In the excitability test, PCP decreased not only the monosynaptic response but also the excitability of motoneuron somata. 6. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of PCP on spinal reflexes are not due to mediation of the monoaminergic and cholinergic systems, but partly due to its blockade of NMDA-type receptors and also to a hyperpolarizing action or a membrane-stabilizing action on the motoneuron soma.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Potential use of positron-emission tomography in clinical oncology].

Positron-emission tomography (PET) is an excellent technique, utilizing positron-labeled radiopharmaceuticals which provide a quantitative image of tissue metabolism in the living body. Cancer tissue is characterized by increased forms of metabolism, such as glycolysis and protein synthesis. Consequently, PET makes it possible to evaluate the metabolic activity of cancer tissue. Such information is useful not only for a better understanding of human cancer biology but for utilization in cancer clinics. The potential use of the PET technique for clinical oncology are cancer detection, cancer grading, biological characterization of tumors, and evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness. From this viewpoint, much clinical research has been done and good results obtained in both the characterization of hepatoma and lung cancer, and the grading of brain tumor, showing good correlation with prognosis after cancer therapy. However, PET is not commonly available and has not yet been established as a diagnostic technique in cancer clinics. Further extensive studies will thus be necessary in order to achieve these aspects.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1988

Fundamental tumor perfusion analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging using gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid.

The measurement of blood perfusion is an important factor for both the diagnosis and follow-up of tumor lesions. However, noninvasive detection of this local blood flow factor is very difficult. To accomplish this, we tried to calculate tissue blood perfusion indexes with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging using gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). We experimentally applied this method to C3H mouse's tumor NFSa (fibrosarcoma) and its recurrence tumor R1137, whose experimental hypoxic cell fraction is different; that is, R1137 is more oxic than NFSa. Imaging pulse sequence was T1 (TR = 1,000 ms, TI = 300 ms), and longitudinal relaxation rate (R1 = 1/T1) values were calculated. Injected dose of Gd-DTPA was 0.1 mmol/kg. The T1 images produced are from both the preinjection period from every 5 min postinjection for 30 min. Using two-exponential analysis and compartment analysis we calculated two fundamental parameters: uptake index and flow index as blood perfusion factors. We found that this method has the possibility of differentiating the tissue's hypoxic cell fraction and is effective both for follow-up study after radiation therapy and for tissue characterization.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Influence of diet on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of malic enzyme induction in the rat liver.

Fasted rats were refed a carbohydrate/protein diet, a carbohydrate diet (without protein) or a protein diet (without carbohydrate) to investigate, using a cDNA cloned in our laboratory, the regulatory mechanisms involved in hepatic malic enzyme induction. In the carbohydrate/protein diet, although the enzyme activity and the mRNA concentration of malic enzyme were increased about 7-fold above the levels in the fasted rat, the rate of transcription was increased only 2-fold. In the carbohydrate diet group the rate of transcription and the concentration of mRNA were increased to the levels in the carbohydrate/protein diet group, whereas the enzyme activity increased only to 60% of those levels. Protein appears to contribute to an increase in the translation of malic enzyme mRNA. In the protein diet group the transcriptional rate was not low, but the mRNA concentration was about half in comparison with the level of the carbohydrate/protein diet group. Further, dietary fat did not reduce the transcriptional activity, but reduced the mRNA concentration and the enzyme activity to half of the basal levels. Therefore, it is suggested that fat stimulates the degradation of the mRNA in liver cytosol, whereas carbohydrate tends to stabilize the mRNA. On the other hand 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine treatment increased the transcriptional activity by 1.5-2-fold above the basal values on all the diets and even on fasting. Thus, it is suggested that 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine increases the transcriptional activity of malic enzyme independently from nutritional regulation, while the nutrients are predominantly involved in the post-transcriptional steps.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of aging on contributions of dietary fat and triiodothyronine treatment to lipogenic enzyme induction.

Although lipogenic enzyme inductions are reduced by fat feeding, this reduction decreases with aging and is particularly detectable in the case of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase activities. On the other hand, the fat-dependent reductions of malic enzyme and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were consistently relieved by triiodothyronine (T3) treatment. The effects of T3 treatment on these enzyme inductions were greater in 10-month-old rats than in 1-month-old rats, while the carbohydrate-dependent induction and the fat-dependent reduction of the enzymes decreased with aging. In these animals, alterations in malic enzyme mRNA translational activities were roughly in parallel to the enzyme activities. Therefore, the age-dependent alterations in effects of T3 treatment and fat on malic enzyme induction do not appear to occur in post-translation.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1987

Enhancement of recurrent inhibition of the spinal monosynaptic reflex by preceding stimulation of the medullary raphé in rats.

Recurrent inhibition of the spinal monosynaptic reflex (MSR) elicited by conditioning stimulation of the ventral root in anesthetized rats was weaker than both the recurrent inhibition of the disynaptic reflex and the inhibition of the MSR elicited by conditioning stimulation of the adjacent dorsal root. Among these 3 inhibitions, the recurrent inhibition of the MSR was enhanced to a markedly greater extent by a preceding stimulation of the medullary raphé nucleus than were the other inhibitions. The magnitude of the enhancement of the recurrent inhibition of MSR also was much greater when the medullary stimulation was delivered 20 ms prior to the ventral root activation, as compared with a 30-ms interval. Recurrent inhibition of the MSR was enhanced by intravenous injection of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD); however, the enhanced effect on recurrent inhibition elicited by stimulation of the raphé nucleus was not attenuated by the drug. These results suggest that there is a non-serotonergic, descending pathway which is capable of modulating motor output solely by means of recurrent inhibition of the MSR.

Animals↗