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Biomedical subjects

H Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukuda.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[A new ALS scale and prospective study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression].

We developed a new ALS scale which is characterized by inclusion of as many check items as 77 which range from cranial nerve region to extremities and trunk. Despite of large number of items, it is neither time-consuming, nor poses much burden on patients or examiners as the activity tests are so devised and most of them can be done while the patient remains in supine position. In addition, an attempt is made that the total score obtained by the scale reflects not only the degree of disability of the patients but also the extent of motor neuron loss. Using the scale, ALS progression was prospectively studied in 13 patients and it was found that in older patients ALS progresses more rapidly than in younger patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Spontaneous saccades in MPTP-induced hemi-parkinsonian monkeys].

The basal ganglia play an important role in the control of saccadic eye movements. Parkinsonian patients have deficits in saccade initiation; the deficits are more prominent in memory-guided saccade than in visually guided saccade (Hikosaka et al, 1987). These results show that deficiency of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system affects the neural mechanism of saccadic eye movements in the basal ganglia. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we studied saccadic eye movements in MPTP-induced hemiparkinsonian monkeys. We made two models of parkinsonism using two monkeys: 1) unilateral intra-carotid injection of MPTP, and 2) intracaudate injection of MPTP using osmotic minipump. We recorded saccadic eye movements using the magnetic search coil method. After experiments, monkeys were sacrificed and investigated by histological procedures. Following the intracarotid injection, we observed hypokinesia and rigidity in the arm and leg contralateral to the injection. Eye position was shifted to the ipsilateral side and the frequency of saccades towards the contralateral side was reduced. Following the intracaudate injection, we observed hypokinesia and rigidity in the contralateral arm and leg and circling behavior towards the contralateral side. In both monkeys, the saccade amplitude and peak velocity towards contralateral side were reduced. We considered three mechanisms that might account for these results. First, dopaminergic denervation due to MPTP in the caudate nucleus may suppress the activity of neurons projecting to the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Second, nigra cell activity may be tonically elevated through an indirect pathway via the external pallidum and the subthalamic nucleus. Third, MPTP may enhance nigra cell activity through dendro-dendritic connections from the pars compacta to the pars reticulata in the substantia nigra.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1990

[A specific protein inhibiting membrane permeation of chloramphenicol in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

A specific protein (MW 18,000) was found using chloramphenicol (CP) base-affinity chromatography of periplasmic-space proteins obtained from an impermeability-type CP-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring plasmid kR102. Membrane reconstitution experiments using a liposome system appeared to indicate that the permeability of CP was inhibited by the specific protein.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1990

GABA withdrawal syndrome: a model of the epilepsia partialis continua.

After the chronic infusion of GABA into the cortex of baboon Papio Papio, a sudden stop of the infusion provoked cortical epileptic discharges around the infused area. And the baboon exhibited partial epilepsy for about 3 days. The result suggested that GABA withdrawal syndrome should be a good model not only to understand the mechanism of epilepsia partialis continua but also partial epilepsy with a circumscribed cortical focus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A resected case of gastric carcinoma with complete remission of Virchow's node metastasis by 5'-DFUR administration].

5'-DFUR was administered orally at 800 mg/day, for total dosage of 57.6 g to the gastric cancer patient, classified Borrmann Type 2, with Virchow's node metastasis. Gastric tumor had diminished in size on the fluoroscopy and the endoscopy. We then made distal gastrectomy. The resected stomach showed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma on the pathological examination. Side effect was diarrhea.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Lipiodol-CT for the detection of small hypovascular HCC].

To evaluate the diagnostic value of Lipiodol-CT for small hypovascular HCC, we injected 3 ml or less Lipiodol into the hepatic artery of patients with chronic liver disease and small SOL in the liver detected on echogram but not on angiogram. About seven days after injection CT was used to check for accumulation of Lipiodol in the liver SOL. We found that the sensitivity of this method for detection of hypovascular HCC is only 25%. We assume that Lipiodol does not accumulate in small hypovascular HCC lesions because they have little vascular stroma. Lipiodol-CT has high diagnostic value for the detection of small hypervascular daughter HCC lesions, but this method should not be relied on for the detection of small hypovascular HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Usefulness of dynamic thin section CT in detecting lymph node metastasis of lung cancer].

The diagnosis for metastatic lymph nodes of lung cancer by the conventional CT is done only by the size of nodes, therefore, its diagnostic accuracy is questionable. For the purpose of more qualitative diagnosis in order to elevate accuracy of metastatic nodes, we studied a new CT image (Dynamic Thin Section CT) by combining the Thin Section CT with the Dynamic CT, and reviewed on the image of histopathological positive nodes. Firstly, for the preoperative cases of lung cancer, the conventional CT was performed for the whole chest with 10 mm-thickness and 10 mm-interval. Secondary, among them, the Dynamic CT by bolus-injection at the sites of detected hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes was performed. For this method, the Thin Section CT with 2 mm-thickness was used, and the image-detected nodes were isolated by surgery. We studied 25 cases whose images were compared with the histological findings. By the conventional CT sensitivity were 35.7%, specificity 54.5%, and accuracy 44.0%, in regarding the shorter diameter over 1 cm as positive nodes, then under diagnosis were 36%, over diagnosis 20%. Morphological features were reviewed on the image of metastatic lymph nodes in the Dynamic Thin Section CT, and were (1) lump-like lymph nodes, (2) disappearance of the fatty plane around the lymph nodes or uneven and irregular margins, (3) irregular internal structures of enhanced lymph nodes. Moreover, small lymph nodes were clearly detected, and the size was exactly measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[A case report of synchronous double cancer of the lung and esophagus].

A 69-year-old man was admitted to our department with complaint of difficult swallowing. Upper gastrointestinal examination showed esophageal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the middle thoracic esophagus was revealed histologically. Chest X-ray showed the atelectasis of the B-3 region of right upper lobe of the lung. Further examinations revealed histologically squamous cell carcinoma growing from B-3 bronchus. Finally, he was diagnosed as synchronous double carcinoma of the lung and the esophagus. Simultaneous operation was performed on May 20, 1988. First, right upper lobectomy of the lung and wedged resection of right main bronchus were performed. Esophagectomy and antesternal esophageal reconstruction using the gastric tube was added. The postoperative course was satisfactory without any severe complications. The synchronous double cancer of the lung and the esophagus is rare. Our case indicates that simultaneous resection of both cancer and esophageal reconstruction can be safely performed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

N-[18F]fluoroacetyl-D-glucosamine: a potential agent for cancer diagnosis.

Positron labeled substrates such as sugars, amino acids, and nucleosides have been investigated for the in-vivo evaluation of biochemical processes in cancerous tissue. Hexosamines are obligatory structural components of many biologically important macromolecules, including membrane glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharide. We evaluated a new synthesized pharmaceutical, N-[18F]fluoroacetyl-D-glucosamine (18F-FAG), which is a structural analog of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. C3H/HeMsNRS mice bearing spontaneous hepatomas were used for the tissue distribution study. At 60 min after injection, high uptakes were found in tumor (5.16, mean value of %dose/g), liver (3.71), and kidney (3.27). The tumor uptake of 18F-FAG showed the highest value in all tissue. In the PET study, VX-2 carcinoma of the rabbit was clearly visualized. Our preliminary results suggest that 18F-FAG has potential as a new agent for tumor imaging.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1990

[Acoustic evaluation of postoperative hoarseness in adult patients].

The present study was performed to evaluate postoperative hoarseness quantitatively by means of acoustic wave form analysis. Pitch and amplitude perturbation (PPQ, and APQ), and normalized noise energy (NNE) were measured along with the frequency characteristics in 51 adult patients undergoing elective surgery. The normal values for these acoustic parameters were less than 0.5%, less than 2.0%, and less than -10 dB, respectively. Vowel sound "E" was recorded and evaluated before the induction of anesthesia and on the morning of the day after the surgery. PPQ increased from 0.39% to 1.00% (P less than 0.05), APQ increased from 3.34% to 6.62% (P less than 0.05), and NNE increased from -9.19 dB to -4.74 dB (P less than 0.05). Eighteen percent of the patients showed abnormal values in all parameters preoperatively, but 45% of the patients postoperatively (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that even the short term intubation resulted in the postoperative hoarseness, and this method is a useful and non-invasive bed-side test to evaluate postoperative hoarseness quantitatively.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1990

[Tumor control-significance of the stem cell number].

The stem cell number is one of the important factor determining tumor control radiation dose. It is now clear that 50% tumor cell doses in various rodent tumors inversely related to their tumor control radiation doses. Roles of radiation-sterilized cells on the clonogenicity of survived stem cells are controversial, and should be explored by future research. Methodological innovations are also desirable to measure the stem cell number in human tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Carbon-13 NMR imaging study of in-vivo glucose metabolism.

Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy and chemical shift selective imaging studies of in vivo glucose metabolism were performed at 2.0 T. Some metabolite peaks were observed in 13C NMR spectra, and carbon NMR imaging focused in the spectral region attributed to D-1-13C-glucose were also performed. A 13C NMR signal accumulated in the liver was detected and the average time resolution of these spectra and images were 10 and 30 minutes, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Measurement of myocardial blood flow using N-13 ammonia dynamic PET-theory and methodology].

Positron emission tomography (PET) offers the potential capability of noninvasive measurement of regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) in man. Because N-13 ammonia exhibits properties which to some extent resemble those of the radioactive microsphere, we developed a first-pass flow method for noninvasive measurement of RMBF. In the present method, RMBF was determined by dividing myocardial activity at time T by arterial input integrated from the injection start to that time, where time T is the endpoint of first circulation of N-13 ammonia. Also in the present method a time-activity curve of left atrium was used as the arterial input function to make the procedure totally noninvasive. To validate the present method, we compared it with the compartment analysis. 5 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and with a considerably thickened ventricular wall, were selected for the comparison between the first-pass flow method and the compartment analysis. The relationship of RMBFs by the two methods was y = 1.8 + 1.097x-0.002037x2 (n = 30, SEE = 5.5), where x (ml/min/100 g) was obtained by the compartment analysis, while y (ml/min/100 g) by the first-pass flow method. The result indicated that both were almost identical in physiological flow range (less than 100 ml/min/100 g), but that the first-pass flow method underestimated RMBF in the higher flow range due to venous leakage of N-13 ammonia. As the conclusion, we could at least measure RMBF of HCM patient in the physiological flow range by the present method. The future extension of the method was discussed.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1990

Pathology and pathogenesis of bursal-side rotator cuff tears viewed from en bloc histologic sections.

Histologic sections from 12 en bloc surgical specimens were studied in order to clarify the pathogenesis of bursal-side rotator cuff tears (BSRCTs). The specimens consisted of the bony insertion, the partially torn area, and the musculotendinous junction of the supraspinatus tendon. There were eight men and four women, with an average age of 48.7 years. Trauma was noted in three instances. All patients exhibited clinical evidence of subacromial impingement, which was confirmed at surgery. Histologic sections were stained with azan or hematoxylin and eosin. All the tears developed from within 1 cm of the insertion. The depth of the tears varied from a superficial flap to a nearly full-thickness tear. Microscopically, the sections demonstrated several abnormalities in addition to degeneration. At the site of insertion and in the distal stump, local disruptions of the normal four layers of enthesis and areas of hypervascularity were observed in all sections. The proximal stumps were rounded, retracted, and avascular, with abundant chondrocytes. No active repair was noted in the proximal stumps. The pathogenesis of BSRCTs appears to be related to: (1) a combination of aging and precarious vascularity of the tendon, (2) repetitive movements of the arm at above-horizontal levels, (3) injury, and (4) especially subacromial-tendon impingement.

Acromion↗