Biomedical subjects

H Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukuda.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

[Demand by the elderly for "meals-on-wheels" services].

A survey was performed to assess the demand for "meals-on-wheels" services by elderly persons living alone in N. city (Osaka Prefecture). The purpose of this study was to identify the factors which are related to the demand for such services. Subjects of this study were 1,853 elderly persons of whom responses were received from 1,783 (95.2%). The percentage of the subjects who needed meal delivery services was 64.5%. Physical condition, living conditions, and dietary habits all correlated significantly with the demand. Elderly who were in poor health, were less affluent, or had trouble preparing meals and performing other housework, expressed a need for "meals-on-wheels" services and asked for more services than others. Those who requested meal delivery services had poorer dietary habits than those who did not. Also, there was more demand for these services by elderly male, as well as those elderly with poor dietary habits. The poorer the quality of life of the elderly person correlated with a greater desire for "meals-on-wheels" services. This study showed that there was a great demand among the elderly living alone for "meals-on-wheels" services. While food is one of the basic elements in life, it is often taken for granted, and meal delivery services for the elderly have been largely neglected. The need for urgent improvement and expansion of meal delivery services for this population is indicated by this study.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[Atropine has little significance as a premedication for spinal anesthesia].

Intramuscular atropine 0.5 mg as an anticholinergic premedicant for spinal anesthesia was studied in 14 patients. Twelve patients of a control group did not receive atropine. No significant difference was found between the groups with regard to changes in blood pressure during spinal anesthesia whose analgesic level reached T4. A significant difference was found between the groups with regard to changes in heart rate during spinal anesthesia, but the incidence of bradycardia below 60 beats.min-1 was similar between the groups. Intramuscular atropine 0.5 mg as a premedicant offered little vagal blockade of the heart during spinal anesthesia.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Responses of arterial pressure and heart rate to epidural anesthesia in controlled hypertensive patients].

We have compared the responses to thoracic epidural anesthesia in 14 controlled hypertensive patients with those in 36 normotensive patients. Arterial pressure and heart rate were measured on the day before surgery, before and after the establishment of the epidural anesthesia, during light general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia, and after extubation. No significant difference in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were found between hypertensive and normotensive patients on the day before surgery. Changes in systolic and mean arterial pressures were greater in hypertensive patients than in normotensive ones, but absolute values of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures after the establishment of the epidural anesthesia were similar between hypertensive patients and normotensive ones. Although no significant difference was found between the groups with respect to the highest and lowest systolic arterial pressure during operation, systolic arterial pressure after extubation was significantly higher in hypertensive patients than in normotensive ones. These suggest that the combination of epidural and general anesthesia is a safe technique for patients with medically controlled hypertension.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

[A method of tracheal intubation tried in a patient with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis].

A 48-year-old woman had suffered from multiple destructive arthritis, skin nodules and skin ulcer of bilateral legs caused by multicentric reticulohistiocytosis for 16 years. Skin transplantation and total hip joint replacement were scheduled. Tracheal intubation was anticipated to be difficult because of destructive arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. We tried a new method to intubate the trachea through a laryngeal mask. After topical application of 8% lidocaine to the oropharynx, a size 4 laryngeal mask was inserted and its cuff was inflated by 20 ml of air. Anesthesia was induced with 4% sevoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide via laryngeal mask. A fiberscope through a tracheal tube was inserted through the laryngeal mask into the trachea. A tracheal tube with the internal diameter of 6.5 mm, was successfully intubated. This method gave little discomfort to the patient.

Female↗

PubMed1994

Boron neutron capture therapy of malignant melanoma using 10B-paraboronophenylalanine with special reference to evaluation of radiation dose and damage to the normal skin.

A treatment regimen for boron neutron capture therapy of malignant melanomas is described using 10B-paraboronophenylalanine as the tumor-targeting compound. As a therapeutic dose, we adopted the maximum tolerable dose for the skin regardless of tumor 10B concentration. In practice, the maximum neutron fluence should be decided prior to starting irradiation. For this purpose, the kinetics of the concentration of 10B in the blood and skin and the skin-to-blood ratios were analyzed in the six patients who received 170 mg/kg of the compound intravenously, and skin concentrations during irradiation were predicted using a standard skin factor curve. This yields a skin concentration at time T based on the blood concentration at time 0. We calculated the maximum tolerable fluence yielding but not exceeding 18 RBE-Gy by assuming that the RBE of 14N(n,p)14C and 10B(n, alpha)7Li reaction for skin damage is 2.5. Actual skin reactions in three of five patients treated with the therapy were, as predicted, within tolerable limits, and we were able to obtain complete tumor regression in four cases. The results indicate that application of our logical approach will be useful for subsequent cases and further development of this therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Changes of regional cerebral blood flow during listening to an unfamiliar spoken language.

The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with positron emission tomography in eight normal volunteers with the purpose of measuring rCBF changes related to the comprehension of an unfamiliar spoken languages. When attempting to comprehend the meaning of words, the left hemisphere showed dominant increases in rCBF, however, when subjects attempted to evaluate the emotional tone of the same spoken passage, relatively large increases in rCBF more found in the right hemisphere. The results indicate that there may be several different auditory representations of language which involve both left and right hemispheres, both of which may contribute to the overall comprehension of spoken language.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Regional cerebral blood flow changes of cortical motor areas and prefrontal areas in humans related to ipsilateral and contralateral hand movement.

The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) in ten normal right-handed volunteers with the purpose of comparing rCBF changes related to movements of the dominant (right) and non-dominant (left) hand. The hand movement task consisted of sequential opposition of the thumb to each finger. The rCBF measured was compared with a rest state. Movements of the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand, increased CBF significantly in the contralateral motor area (MA) and the premotor area (PMA) with small increases in rCBF in the supplementary motor area (SMA). However, movements of the non-dominant hand also elicited significant ipsilateral increases in rCBF in the MA and PMA (6.3% and 5.0%, respectively). Superior part of the prefrontal area (PFA) of the left hemisphere showed significant CBF increases to both left and right hand movement. Our findings indicate that rCBF changes in the motor areas and the PFA of one hemisphere are not related simply to movement of the contralateral hand. Non-dominant hand movement may in addition require activation of ipsilateral motor areas. That is, there appears to be functional asymmetry in the MA and PFA in humans even in this relatively simple and symmetric motor task.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Doppler color flow imaging in the detection and quantitative measurement of the gastroduodenal artery blood flow.

The purpose of this article was to investigate the detection rate of gastroduodenal artery blood flow (GDABF), and to measure its velocity and volume flow rate using Doppler color imaging. The GDABF was detected in 40 of 41 (98%) normal subjects with longitudinal scanning and in 36 (88%) with transverse scanning. The velocity of the GDABF was 21 +/- 8 cm/sec (m +/- SD) and the volume flow rate was 67 +/- 20 mL/min. Without color Doppler, the vascular lumina of the GDA was demonstrated in 27 (66%) subjects by longitudinal scanning and in 26 (63%) by transverse scanning. The hemodynamics of the GDA were revealed noninvasively using Doppler ultrasonography in a patient with a malignant islet cell tumor of the pancreas and one with a ductal cell carcinoma of the pancreas.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Evaluation of the treatment response of lung cancer with positron emission tomography and L-[methyl-11C]methionine: a preliminary study.

We carried out a study to evaluate treatment response and residual mass in lung cancer with positron emission tomography (PET), using L-[methyl-11C]methionine (MET). MET tumour uptake and tumour volume measured by computed tomography (CT) before and within 2 weeks after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were compared in 43 studies of 21 patients. Ten patients with local control (no recurrence) of tumour showed a larger decrease in MET uptake (65.2% +/- 12.2%) than in tumour volume (50.8% +/- 9.6%, P < 0.01). Five patients with early recurrence (from 1 to 4 months) showed smaller decreases in both MET uptake (22.2% +/- 13.5%) and tumour volume (28.6% +/- 20.0%) than those in the no-recurrence group (P < 0.01). Four patients with late recurrence (after 11 months or more) showed a similar decrease to the no-recurrence group in MET uptake (72.8% +/- 14.8%) but little change in tumour volume (18.5% +/- 19.0%), the latter result corresponding to that in the early-recurrence group. Using tumour volume only, the no-recurrence group was differentiated from both the early- and the late-recurrence group (P < 0.01), but the early-recurrence group was not differentiated from the late-recurrence group. Using the MET uptake data, the early-recurrence group was clearly distinguished from the late-recurrence group (P < 0.01), but the late-recurrence group was indistinguishable from the no-recurrence group. CT was useful in distinguishing the no-recurrence group from the groups in which there was ultimate recurrence, whether early or late. When a residual mass is seen on CT, PET seems to be helpful in evaluating tumour viability.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Stress hormone responses to major intra-abdominal surgery during and immediately after sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia in elderly patients.

We studied the responses of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) during and immediately after sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia supplemented with vecuronium in seven elderly patients (mean 76.6 +/- 1.7 SEM) who underwent major intra-abdominal surgery. The plasma concentrations of norepinephrine, ACTH, cortisol, and ADH increased in response to surgical procedures (P < 0.05). The plasma concentration of ADH increased to a peak concentration of 189.1 +/- 20.7 pg.ml-1 30 min after skin incision (P < 0.05). The plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, ACTH, and cortisol increased to peak concentrations of 408.6 +/- 135.5 pg.ml-1, 635.7 +/- 167.8 pg.ml-1, 222.6 +/- 48.0 pg.ml-1, and 113.6 +/- 67.5 micrograms.dl-1, respectively immediately after tracheal extubation (P < 0.05). We conclude that, in the elderly patients, the responses of stress hormones to major intra-abdominal surgery were preserved during sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia sufficient to prevent increases in arterial pressure and heart rate. The strongest responses of epinephrine, norepinephrine, ACTH, and cortisol were elicited immediately after tracheal extubation.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1993

Photodynamic action of endogenously synthesized porphyrins from aminolevulinic acid, using a new model for assaying the effectiveness of tumoral cell killing.

1. The effectiveness of the photodynamic action of porphyrins, was studied by means of the tissue explant culture technique. A murine tumor tissue explant was incubated in a medium containing 0.6 mM of ALA for periods of 1 and 2 hr; total porphyrins synthesized under these conditions were of the same level as those found in our previous in vivo experiments. The explants were then irradiated for 30 min with He-Ne laser of 3.5 mW output power placed at a distance of 10 cm. Controls of non-irradiated tumor tissue slices incubated with and without ALA were performed. Immediately after irradiation, inocula of exactly 1 mm3 of the irradiated and non-irradiated tissue were subcutaneously injected under the right and left flanks of the same animal, respectively. The growth of the tumor was measured 15, 20 and 25 days after implantation. 2. Results obtained showed that the explants that were incubated for 1 hr with ALA and irradiated, reaching a concentration of 2.8 micrograms porphyrins/g tissue, produced a reduction of 50-70% of tumor size as compared with the non-irradiated controls incubated with ALA. Explants incubated for 2 hr, reaching a concentration of 4.6 micrograms porphyrins/g tissue, produced from 60% to complete lack of tumor growth. The effectiveness index (EI) of photoirradiation was calculated on the basis of the tumor growth in irradiated and non-irradiated tumors. EI was nearly 100% showing almost complete tumor cell destruction for tumor irradiated for 2 hr with 0.6 mM ALA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Kinetics of porphyrin accumulation in cultured epithelial cells exposed to ALA.

1. The kinetics of porphyrin accumulation in cultured mammalian epithelial cells (CNCM-I-221) during exposure to ALA was investigated. 2. The total porphyrin synthesized is a function of ALA concentration and the incubation time. The cellular porphyrin content exhibited a saturation pattern, reaching a plateau at about 0.04 fmol porphyrins/cell. A biphasic time-dependent increase in the total porphyrin synthesized was observed. 3. After 3 hr of exposure to ALA the rate of synthesis increased to almost twice the initial rate, reaching between 0.02 and 0.05 fmol porphyrins/cell/hr depending on serum concentration in the medium. 4. Two effects of FBS on ALA-stimulated porphyrin accumulation were observed. Greater total porphyrin synthesis was found when incubations were made in 10% FBS compared to those in 1% FBS. 5. The higher serum concentration also caused a greater release into the medium of the porphyrins generated in the cells with a calculated half-life of 24 min in 10% serum-supplemented medium compared with 62 min in 1% serum. 6. The results obtained from cell synchronization experiments suggest that there is little obvious cell cycle-dependent variation in the synthesis of porphyrins from ALA. 7. The small differences in the intracellular porphyrin content that were observed may be attributed to a slight reduction in the rate of loss of porphyrins in G2/M cells.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗

PubMed1993

Osseous choristoma of the tongue. Report of two cases.

Osseous choristoma of the tongue is a relatively rare lesion with 53 cases previously published in the literature. In this article, two additional cases are described; one in a 53-year-old woman located close to the foramen caecum, and the other in a 18-year-old woman on the left of midline and just anterior to the circumvallate papillae that was observed over a 13-year period.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1993

Acute promyelocytic leukemia with CD59 deficiency.

CD59 is a phosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein (which is lost in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) cells) with the capacity to block the formation of membrane attack complex, and protects host cells from autologous complement-mediated cytolysis. We found a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the cells of which were CD59-negative. Although the CD59 deficiency in the malignant cells was not related to PNH, we offered the possibility that DIC was induced by APL lysis secondary to the deficiency of CD59.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Excitation and inhibition of neuronal activity in the pontine micturition center by pelvic rectal and pudendal anal afferents in dogs.

To examine whether or not the pontine micturition center (PMC) is involved in the inhibition of the micturition reflex by pelvic rectal and pudendal anal afferents, neuronal activity in the PMC was observed during inhibition of this reflex in paralyzed decerebrate dogs. Discharge of pelvic vesical branches (VBs) waxed and waned at a rhythm of about 2 Hz during the micturition reflex, which was activated by continuous stimulation of the contralateral VBs. This rhythmic discharge was modulated by continuous stimulation of contralateral pelvic rectal branches (RBs) superimposed on the VB stimulation. The modulation was composed of three effects; initial inhibition, augmentation and late inhibition. However, not all of the three effects were obvious in some dogs. One-sixth of 118 neurons examined in the pontine area ventromedial to the locus ceruleus exhibited rhythmic burst firings which preceded the rhythmic discharge of VBs by about 150 ms. Therefore, these pontine neurons are assumed to be output neurons of the PMC. The rhythmic firings of pontine neurons were augmented during continuous RB stimulation independent of the inhibitory and/or augmentative effects of the RB stimulation on the reflex discharge of the VBs. In contrast, the rhythmic firings of the pontine neurons and the reflex discharge of VBs were inhibited by mechanical stimulation of the anal canal and perineal hairs. These results suggest that the PMC is involved in the inhibition of the micturition reflex produced via pudendal afferents but not in that produced by pelvic rectal afferents, and that pelvic and pudendal afferents project to the PMC through separate pathways.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Hypercapnia and hypoxia which develop during retching participate in the transition from retching to expulsion in dogs.

The roles of arterial and central chemoreceptors in the transition from retching to expulsion during vomiting were studied. In spontaneously breathing decerebrate dogs, actual vomiting induced by activation of abdominal vagal afferents always consisted of retching and subsequent expulsion phases. Pulmonary ventilation almost stopped during the retching phase. Arterial blood CO2 tension gradually increased and reached a maximum near the time of the transition from the retching phase to the expulsion phase. Similarly, when end-tidal CO2 was maintained higher than 4.6 +/- 0.7% in paralyzed, artificially ventilated decerebrate dogs, stimulation of abdominal vagal afferents induced fictive retching and fictive expulsion, which were identified from the characteristic discharge patterns of the motor nerves to the costal and hiatal parts of the diaphragm, the abdominal muscles and the digastric muscle. However, only fictive retching occurred at an end-tidal CO2 of less than 3.7 +/- 0.7%. Although end-tidal CO2 was at a low level, fictive retching was followed by fictive expulsion when artificial ventilation was interrupted during the fictive retching phase and when sinus nerve afferents were stimulated. Even after sino-aortic denervation, fictive retching and subsequent fictive expulsion could be induced by stimulation of either vagal afferents or the solitary tract and nucleus, but the threshold level of end-tidal CO2 which enabled the induction of fictive expulsion increased after denervation. These results indicate that the activity of arterial and/or central chemoreceptor afferents must exceed some critical level to induce the transition from the retching phase to the expulsion phase.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Differential effects of Triton X-100 on ligand binding to GABAB receptors in mouse cerebral cortex, cerebellum and whole brain.

1. Pretreatment of whole brain membranes with Triton X-100 (0.01-0.05 v/v%) increased the specific binding of [3H]baclofen without change of non-specific binding. Although the treatment increased the affinity of all the GABAB agonists tested, that of antagonists either tend to be decreased or unchanged. Furthermore, the treatment potentiated Gpp(NH)p-induced inhibition of [3H]baclofen binding. 2. Affinity for [3H]baclofen in the cerebral cortex was increased following Triton X-100 (0.02 v/v%) treatment, whereas binding characteristics in the cerebellum were not significantly changed. 3. These results suggest that the properties of cerebellar and cerebral cortical GABAB receptors differ from each other, and that pretreatment with Triton X-100 not only affects agonist and antagonist binding to GABAB receptors differentially, but also changes the coupling between GABAB receptors and guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Dopamine D2 and serotonin S2 receptors in susceptibility to methamphetamine psychosis detected by positron emission tomography.

Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to assess the role of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum and serotonin S2 receptors in the frontal cortex in the susceptibility to methamphetamine-induced psychosis. Subjects were six men who had previously experienced methamphetamine psychosis (methamphetamine subjects) and 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The radiotracer used was 11C-N-methylspiperone. Although binding availability, assessed by dynamic analysis, in the two regions did not differ between the two groups, the ratio of binding availability in the striatum to that in the frontal cortex significantly decreased in the methamphetamine subjects as compared with the control subjects. These findings suggest that an imbalance in the activity of these two receptors may be related to the susceptibility to methamphetamine psychosis.

Adult↗