[Assay for locomotion and chemotaxis of neutrophils].
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Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
Biomedical subjects
H Fukuda
Publications and source records attributed to H Fukuda.
SPECT imaging of normal subjects with technetium-99m-HMPAO and technetium-99m-ECD.
UNLABELLED: Technetium-99m-HMPAO and 99mTc-ECD have been used for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies using SPECT. However, details of the normal perfusion patterns of these agents still remain to be clarified. HMPAO-SPECT and ECD-SPECT images of normal individuals were investigated using an anatomical standardization technique. METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. In 10 of these, regional cerebral perfusion was measured with HMPAO, and in the other 10, ECD was used. All SPECT images were globally normalized to 50 counts/voxel, and then, each SPECT image was transformed into a standard brain anatomy format with the aid of x-ray CT of each subject and a computerized human brain atlas system (HBA). Mean and s.d. images for each tracer were calculated on a voxel-by-voxel basis. For comparison of these SPECT images with blood flow, rCBF images were generated using PET in a separate group of 10 healthy male subjects during an eyes-closed resting state. The PET images were globally normalized to 50 ml/100 g/min and anatomically standardized using each subject's MRI and the HBA for the SPECT images. RESULTS: In the HMPAO-SPECT images, relatively high radioactivities Were observed in the basal ganglia and cerebellum. In the ECD-SPECT images, high levels were observed in the medial aspect of the occipital lobe. These regions with high radioactivity were not apparent in the rCBF-PET images. CONCLUSION: While both HMPAO and ECD have been used to investigate rCBF, their perfusion patterns differ from rCBF-PET images. This presumably reflects differences in the mechanism of accumulation of each agent in the brain. For clinical diagnoses, these patterns must be taken into consideration.
Adult↗
[Giant testicular tumor associated with scrotal gangrene: a case report].
A case of giant testicular tumor associated with scrotal gangrene is reported. A 33-year-old man had a swollen scrotum (15 cm) accompanied with necrosis and a foulodor. The tumor had invaded the scrotum, perineum and the left spermatic cord. Serum alpha-fetoprotein level was 15,487 ng/ml. The chest radiograph revealed multiple metastases. Bilateral high orchiectomies and local resection with a wide margin were performed. The tumor weighed 2.5 kg and the histopathological diagnosis was teratocarcinoma. He was treated with 3 courses of chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and peplomycin. A second-look surgery revealed no viable cancer cells in the residual masses. The patient has been free of recurrence 4 months postoperatively.
Adult↗
[Premixing lidocaine reduces the incidence and severity of pain on injection of propofol].
The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of premixed lidocaine for the reduction of pain during injection of propofol in adult patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial on 106 patients. In the study group (n = 54), lidocaine 40 mg (2 ml of lidocaine 2%) was added to 180 mg of propofol (18 ml). In the control group (n = 52), 2 ml of normal saline was added to 180 mg of propofol. The pain on injection was rated as none, mild, moderate, or severe. Eleven patients (20.4%) in the study group experienced pain compared with 25 (48.1%) in the control group. Thirteen in the control group complained moderate or severe pain compared with only one in the study group. In conclusion, lidocaine 40 mg premixed with 180 mg propofol significantly reduces the incidence and severity of pain associated with propofol injection.
Adult↗
[Mechanisms of endogenous drug resistance acquisition by spontaneous chromosomal gene mutation].
Endogenous resistance in bacteria is caused by a change or loss of function and generally genetically recessive. However, this type of resistance acquisition are now prevalent in clinical setting. Chromosomal genes that afford endogenous resistance are the genes correlated with the target of the drug, the drug inactivating enzymes, and permeability of the molecules including the antibacterial agents. Endogenous alteration of the drug target are mediated by the spontaneous mutation of their structural gene. This mutation provides much lower affinity of the drugs for the target. Gene expression of the inactivating enzymes, such as class C beta-lactamase, is generally regulated by regulatory genes. Spontaneous mutations in the regulatory genes cause constitutive enzyme production and provides the resistant to the agent which is usually stable for such enzymes. Spontaneous mutation in the structural gene gives the enzyme extra-spectrum substrate specificity, like ESBL (Extra-Spectrum-beta-Lactamase). Expression of structural genes encoding the permeability systems are also regulated by some regulatory genes. The spontaneous mutation of the regulatory genes reduce an amount of porin protein. This mutation causes much lower influx of the drug in the cell. Spontaneous mutation in promoter region of the structural gene of efflux protein was observed. This mutation raised the gene transcription and overproduced efflux protein. This protein progresses the drug efflux from the cell.
Bacteria↗
Identification of human papilloma virus DNA sequence in the hyperplastic epithelium of an oral denture fibroma.
The human papilloma virus (HPV) associated with hyperplastic epithelium in an oral denture fibroma was examined by southern blot hybridization. Extracted DNA was hybridized with full length linear HPV type 2a, 6b, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 DNAs as a mixed probe only under low stringent conditions. The hybridized bands digested with Bam HI and Eco RI were approximately 8.8 kbp and 15 kbp, respectively. Thus the lesional HPV DNA was different from HPV types used as probes and was probably integrated into host cell chromosomal DNA judging by the off-size high molecular weight bands. Considering the contaminating mesenchymal region and uninfected epithelial cells as well as the evidently limited homology with probe HPV DNAs, the virus copy number in infected cells was poorly defined. In situ antigen staining signals were widely detected in the hyperplastic epithelial layer.
Blotting, Southern↗
Influence of chemotherapy on FDG uptake by human cancer xenografts in nude mice.
UNLABELLED: This study evaluated the use of PET with 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) for monitoring chemotherapy effects, using a human cancer xenograft (poorly differentiated human gastric cancer) in vivo model. METHODS: Tumor 18F-FDG uptakes and sizes were measured after administrating mitomycin (MMC), cisplatin (CDDP) and adriamycin (ADR) to xenograft-bearing nude mice and compared with 18F-FDG tumor uptake and tumor size in a non-therapy group. The correlation between the uptake and size was also assessed. RESULTS: The largest reduction in tumor size after chemotherapy occurred in the MMC administered group, followed by the CDDP case, with no reduction in the ADR group as compared to the controls. Fluorine-18-FDG tumor uptake after chemotherapy was also decreased in the MMC and CDDP groups, in that order, but not in the ADR case. With MMC and CDDP, size reduction became significant on Days 8 or 11, whereas 18F-FDG tumor uptake had already been decreased on Days 3 or 7. CONCLUSION: Fluorine-18-FDG uptake decreases in parallel to the efficacy of anticancer agents and correlates with subsequent morphologic changes. We conclude that 18F-FDG PET tumor images are indeed useful for monitoring the effects of cancer chemotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Postgadolinium MR angiography of normal intradural veins of the thoracolumbar spine].
To evaluate the normal intradural spinal veins, we used postgadolinium three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA) at 1.5T in 7 subjects. MR images and MR angiograms[32/6/1 (TR/TE/NEX)] were obtained after a bolus injection of Gd-DTPA (0.15-0.2 mmol/kg). We reconstructed images using an equipped function, so-called multiplanar reconstruction. The anterior median veins in 2 patients and the posterior median veins were shown in 2. The great medullary veins were demonstrated in 2. We successed in obtaining venous angiograms by postgadolinium MRA. Disseminated tumors and abnormal enhanced cauda equina are often indistinguishable from normal intradural veins. This study suggests that it is useful to know the MR angiographic features of normal intradural veins in order to evaluate enhanced intradural components.
Adult↗
[Cost effectiveness analysis of FDG-PET in the differential diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in Japan].
UNLABELLED: Several studies have shown that FDG-PET is more accurate than CT for the differential diagnosis and for the staging of lung cancer. We have analyzed potential effect of FDG-PET on the medical cost for the management of patients suspected of lung cancer. In the differential diagnosis, chest CT plus FDG-PET protocol reduced the number of bronchofiberscope (BFS) and biopsy by one fourth of that in the conventional protocol using CT alone. PET protocol reduced unnecessary examinations for the patients of benign disease, however, it increased the total cost of examinations by 25% due to the higher cost of PET than that of BFS and biopsy in Japan. In the staging of lung cancer, PET protocol improved accuracy of staging, reduced unnecessary surgery by 67%, and showed a saving of the cost of examination by 5%, and the total medical cost by 2.5% compared to that in the conventional protocol using CT, brain MRI, and bone scan. CONCLUSION: Use of FDG-PET for the staging may contribute to the improvement of patient management of lung cancer patients also to the saving of the medical cost.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
[Intraoperative re-rupture of gastric varix immediately after the start of an operation in a patient with liver cirrhosis].
Gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage is a rare complication during an operation. We present a case of gastric variceal re-rupture during an emergent operation for devascularization of the gastric veins. The patient was a 72-year old man with liver cirrhosis, who developed gastric variceal hemorrhage on the day of surgery. Sclerotherapy with an endoscope was performed, and the hemorrhage was controlled four hours before entering the operating theater. The induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation were done with rapid sequence because the patient was regarded as full stomach. Induction was completed successfully. However, gastric varix ruptured immediately after the beginning of the surgery. The hemorrhage into the stomach amounted to 2,165 ml. The patient developed hypotension of 40 mmHg of systolic pressure for 15 minutes. With fluid resuscitation, continuous infusion of dopamine and ligation of varix, the patient recovered from this hypotensive event. No neurological deficit developed postoperatively. Portal hypertension results from increased resistance to portal venous blood flow or increased portal venous blood flow. Therefore, increased intravascular volume may play a significant role in precipitating variceal hemorrhage. In this case, abrupt circulatory change due to inadequate depth of anesthesia may partly cause massive hemorrhage. In conclusion, since potential adverse effects of increased blood volume and hepatic resistance on variceal hemorrhage must be considered during anesthesia, patients with episode of variceal hemorrhage should be treated as full stomach although endoscopic findings before the surgery indicate controlled hemorrhage from varix.
Aged↗
[Surgical result of left ventricular free wall rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction].
From 1980 to 1995, we experienced 20 cases of surgical repair for left ventricular free wall rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction. These were divided into three types based on their clinical symptoms; 10 of the sudden blowout type, 4 of the rapid blowout type and 6 of the oozing type. In the rapid type, unconsciousness following the onset of the blowout rupture was restored by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or pericardiocentesis. Seven out 20 cases (35%) survived. In the sudden blowout type, only one case treated by using the pericardial patch gluing technique without cardiopulmonary bypass survived. Three out of 4 cases (75%) of the rapid blow out type survived. Three out 6 cases (50%) of the oozing type survived. The causes of death were classified as table death for 5 cases, LOS for 1 case, and cerebral death for 3 cases of the 9 fatal cases of the sudden blowout type. Hemostasis was very difficult in 1 case of the rapid type. The 3 cases of the oozing type died respectively of LOS, cerebral death and pneumonia after surgery. Pericardiocentesis or subxyphoid drainage was performed preceding the repair of the rupture in 4 cases of the rapid blowout, and in 5 cases of the oozing type. However, re-rupture occurred in 2 cases of the rapid type and in 2 cases of the oozing type. In 7 cases in whom pericardial patch gluing technique was applied, a procedure in use since 1990, all cases were safely weaned from CPB, with 4 cases out of 7 (57%) surviving. Meanwhile, in 13 cases in which infarctectomy and myocardiography was carried out, 5 cases (38%) could not be weaned from CPB. Three cases (23%) survived after infarctectomy and myocardiography. Even some cases of blowout rupture were able to survive as long as blood pressure was elevated and consciousness was restored by CPR or pericardiocentesis as in cases of the rapid type. The pericardial patch gluing technique at the infarct site proved to be an effective procedure.
Aged↗
[Serum and urinary magnesium during and after cardiac surgery].
To investigate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the serum magnesium (Mg) level, we observed the perioperative changes in serum and urinary Mg in 20 patients undergoing open heart surgery. The serum Mg was in the normal range (mean +/- SE, 1.98 +/- 0.04 mg.dl-1) at the induction of anesthesia, and began to fall during CPB, reaching its lowest level (1.43 +/- 0.05 mg.dl-1) on the first postoperative day, and returned to normal level on the second postoperative day. We found a good correlation between the decrease in serum Mg and increase in urinary Mg excretion, suggesting that the decrease in serum Mg level may be attributed to the increase in urinary excretion of Mg. But, compared to the increase in urinary loss of Mg, the observed decrease in serum Mg on the first operative day was not as great as expected. Furthermore, the level of serum Mg returned to normal spontaneously on the second operative day. These observations suggest that Mg was transferred from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment during and after CPB.
Adult↗
[Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and review of the Japanese literature].
A 50-year-old man presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria which he had first noticed 3 months earlier. Clinical examinations revealed a non-papillary, broad-based tumor on the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder with a clinical stage of T3N0M0. The pathological diagnosis of a transurethral biopsy tissue specimen was small cell carcinoma. Neoadjuvant intraarterial infusion chemotherapy using cisplatin and adriamycin was initially administered but proved to be ineffective. Thus, we performed a radical cystectomy. The tumor tissue was apparently homogenous and composed of small cells arranged in sheets and solid patterns, and was staged to be pT3bR1L2V0N0. An electron microscopic study confirmed small cell carcinoma with neurosecretory granules. Postoperatively, 4 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide were administered. The patient is alive without any evidence of tumor recurrence 26 months after the operation.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Oral health habits and the number of teeth present in Japanese aged 50-80 years.
OBJECTIVE: To suggest appropriate oral health habits for daily practice in order to prevent tooth loss. DESIGN: Cross sectional study correlating mean number of teeth and oral health habits. SETTING: All 97 dental clinics in an urban area (population 256,000) in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. SUBJECTS: 1,248 persons aged 50-80 who received dental treatment at any of the dental clinics between 10 January and 7 February, 1992. OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of teeth present was recorded by the dentists in their clinics. The subjects were asked to complete questionnaires on oral health habits, prior dental attendance patterns and the perceived general health status. RESULTS: Mean number of teeth present had a significant relationship with perceived health status. Implementation of particular oral health habits, such as using a toothbrush with nylon tufts and hard tufts, changing the toothbrush within three months, receiving tooth brushing instruction, scaling, and prompt dental treatment were related positively to the number of teeth present. Furthermore, the frequency of dental visits in the past showed an inverse relationship with the mean number of teeth present. This result does not necessarily mean, however, that regular dental visits are undesirable. From multiple regression, the mean number of teeth was calculated to be from 27.9 to 16.9 at 50 years of age and from 12.2 to 3.0 at 80 years of age in relation to oral health habits. CONCLUSIONS: To keep more teeth in the later years, it is evident that prevention of dental disease in earlier life is essential, and that individuals should receive prophylactic treatment, and maintain proper tooth brushing habits throughout life.
Age Factors↗
[Pharmacology of the 21st century and the Japanese Pharmacological Society (discussion)].
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Drug Design↗
A case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma associated with an artery.
We report a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) arising in the left elbow of a 67-year-old woman. The tumor was characterized by centrifugal growth and association with the brachial artery, causing complete occlusion. Immunohestochemical and electron microscopical features were typical of EHE. The patient was free of local recurrence or disease metastasis for more than 3 years after tumor resection, but subsequently died of respiratory failure due to a primary lung cancer.
Aged↗
Functional anatomy of GO/NO-GO discrimination and response selection--a PET study in man.
The purpose of this study was to identify the functional fields activated in relation to the NO-GO decision. Nine healthy subjects participated in the study which consisted of two test positron emission tomography (PET) scans (GO/NO-GO task and response selection task) and one control scan. In the response selection task, subjects were asked to flex their thumb of the right hand when a light emitting diode (LED) placed 60 cm from their eyes turned on red and to flex their index finger of the right hand when LED turned on green. In the GO/NO-GO task, subjects were asked to flex their thumb when the LED turned on red, however, they were asked not to move their fingers when LED turned on green. In the control state, they were asked simply to look at the LED without any movement of finger during the course of the scan. The mean regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) change images for each task minus control and task minus task were calculated and fields of significant rCBF changes were identified. Several fields in the prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere were specifically activated in relation to the GO/NO-GO task. The results indicate that the prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere may be a key structure to make a decision not to move.
Adult↗
Topographic representation in human intraparietal sulcus of reaching and saccade.
Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by positron emission tomography in seven subjects during reaching with saccade, reaching without saccade, saccade and control tasks. The reaching with saccade task activated two spatially distinct areas in the contralateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) compared with the control condition. The area located in the anterior part of the IPS was also activated during the reaching without saccade but not during the saccade task. The other area, located in the posterior part of the IPS was, in contrast, active during the saccade but not the reaching without saccade task. The results indicate that the human IPS is functionally heterogeneous, and that functional roles of its anterior and posterior parts include control of reaching movements and eye movements, respectively.
Adolescent↗