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Biomedical subjects

H Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to H Fukuda.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Antimicrobial activity of a compound isolated from an oil-macerated garlic extract.

A compound showing antimicrobial activity was isolated from an oil-macerated garlic extract by silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. On basis of the results of NMR and MS analyses, it was identified as Z-4,5,9-trithiadeca-1,6-diene-9-oxide (Z-10-devinylajoene; Z-10-DA). Z-10-DA exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against such microorganisms as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. The antimicrobial activity of Z-10-DA was comparable to that of Z-ajoene, but was superior to that of E-ajoene. Z-10-DA and Z-ajoene are different in respect of substitution of the allyl group by the methyl group flanking a sulfinyl group. This result suggests that substitution by the methyl group would also be effective for the inhibition of microbial growth.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction of neutrophils in heat stressed goats is not influenced by selenium and vitamin E injection.

Experiment was designed to determine whether heat stress suppresses neutrophil function and injections of selenium and vitamin E prior to heat stress prevent suppression of neutrophil function in goats. Twelve female goats were divided into 2 groups of 6 each and were kept at 25 degrees C. Goats in the treatment group were injected intramuscularly with 0.1 mg/kg of selenium and 2.72 IU/kg of vitamin E at 8 and 1 day prior to the initiation of heat stress. The other group was kept as control. All goats were exposed to hot environment at 38 degrees C from day 0 through 8. Decreased tendency in plasma cortisol concentrations and temporary increase in plasma glucose concentrations were shown in both groups. In the control group, plasma selenium concentration gradually increased and alpha-tocopherol concentration decreased during the first 2 days. After the second injection with selenium and vitamin E, plasma selenium and alpha-tocopherol concentration significantly increased and remained higher than those in the control group. Whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the treatment group tended to be greater than that in the control group, but no significant difference was observed between 2 groups. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by activated neutrophils significantly decreased on day 6 in the control group but not in the treatment group. The NBT reduction by resting neutrophils significantly decreased in both groups. These data suggest that heat stress depresses neutrophil function, and selenium and vitamin E injection prior to heat stress has no apparent effect on neutrophil function during the stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor accelerates fracture healing by enhancing callus remodeling in experimental dog tibial fracture.

Effect of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on fracture healing was investigated using a tibial fracture in beagle dogs. Transverse fractures in the middle of the diaphyses were created in the right tibiae and bFGF was injected into the fracture sites at a single dose of 200 micrograms. The time course of changes in callus volume and morphology of the fracture sites were evaluated at weeks 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 after treatment, and the fracture strength was analyzed at weeks 16 and 32. At week 2, a radiogram of the fracture site showed obvious membranous ossification in the group injected with bFGF. Basic FGF extended the callus area at week 4 and increased the bone mineral content (BMC) in the callus at week 8. bFGF also increased the osteoclast number in the periosteal callus at weeks 2 and 4. In the bFGF group, a maximal increase in the osteoclast index was found at week 4, and an identical increase was recognized in the control group at weeks 8 and 16. These findings strongly suggested that bFGF stimulated not only callus formation but osteoclastic callus resorption. BMC in the bFGF group was followed by a rapid decrease from week 8, while that in the control group was identical from week 4. Fracture strength of the bFGF group showed significant recovery by week 16, and recovery was still evident by week 32. We conclude that bFGF promotes the fracture healing in dogs by the stimulation of bone remodeling.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1998

Scar tissue distribution on palates and its relation to maxillary dental arch form.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the relationship between maxillary dental arch form and distribution of postsurgical scar tissue on previously denuded bone in isolated cleft palate patients. METHOD: The palatal blood flow of 21 Japanese isolated cleft palate patients (6 males, 15 females) was examined by laser doppler flowmetry to determine the scar tissue areas. All had undergone pushback operations for palatal repair at around 18 months of age. Tissue blood flow was examined at a time ranging from 11 years, 5 months to 19 years, 9 months of age. To evaluate the maxillary dental arch form, dental casts obtained at the start of orthodontic treatment (a mean age of 8 years, 4 months) were analyzed. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Scar tissue distribution in the 21 cases was classified into five types. Characteristic features in the maxillary dental arch form were found in each of the five types according to the extent of the scar tissue. It was evident that the severity of the maxillary dental arch constriction was closely related to the scar tissue distribution on palates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Tumor vascularity and lens culinaris agglutinin reactive alpha-fetoprotein are predictors of long-term prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy.

Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) is now widely used for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only limited information is available regarding predictors of long-term prognosis of patients with small HCC after PEIT. The relationship of pretreatment clinicopathologic and biologic factors (age, sex, virus marker, Child-Pugh classification, tumor size, number of tumor, histologic grade, tumor staining, alpha-fetoprotein level, AFP-L3%, and Ki67 labelling index) to long-term prognosis in 41 patients with HCC were studied. Over-all survival rates of patients were 73.5% in 3-year, 34.7% in 5-year, and 27.0% in 7-year. Of the 12 variables investigated, Child-Pugh classification (p = 0.0243), histologic grade (p = 0.0098), tumor staining (p = 0.0012), AFP-L3% (0.0093), and Ki67 labelling index (p = 0.0467) were significantly associated with the long-term prognosis by univariate analysis. According to the multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model with step-wise method, tumor staining (p = 0.0024) and AFP-L3% (p = 0.0137) were significantly associated with the long-term prognosis after PEIT. In conclusion, the study found that positive tumor staining of HCC and positive AFP-L3% in serum were the predictor of poor prognosis in patients with HCC after PEIT.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Mean regional cerebral blood flow images of normal subjects using technetium-99m-HMPAO by automated image registration.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was twofold: to calculate relative uptake values for 99mTc-HMPAO in various regions of the normal brain after alignment and registration to a standard shape and size, and to validate the automated image registration (AIR) program for SPECT-to-SPECT transformation. METHODS: Thirty subjects took part in this study. Technetium-99m-HMPAO brain SPECT and x-ray-CT scans were acquired. SPECT images were normalized to an average activity of 100 counts/pixel. Intersubject accuracy was evaluated on brain images of 17 normal subjects (mean age = 64.9 +/- 8.7 yr). These images were aligned and registered to a standard size and shape with the help of AIR. Realigned images were overlaid on reference images to determine the overlap areas. Intrasubject accuracy was evaluated by realigning 20 degree rotated brain images with an index calculated as: overlap area/(overlap area + nonoverlap area). Anatomical variability between realigned target and reference images was evaluated by measurements on corresponding x-ray-CT scans, realigned using transformations that were established by the SPECT images. Realigned brain SPECT images of 30 normal subjects (mean age = 50.7 +/- 18.7 yr), including those subjects examined in the accuracy validation study, were used to generate mean and s.d. images. Images based on the mean value of each voxel (n = 30) were compared with other mean images prepared by the human brain atlas (HBA) standardization technique on a voxel-by-voxel basis to generate T maps. RESULTS: Accuracy indices were 0.98 +/- 0.006 and 0.99 +/- 0.002 for the intersubject and intrasubject evaluations, respectively. The maximum anatomical variability was 4.7 mm after realignment. Paired Student's t-test comparisons of mean HBA and AIR images revealed statistically significant differences for the deep white matter, pons and occipito-temporal regions. These differences could be explained by variation in the population being studied and the protocol for data handling by AIR and HBA. CONCLUSION: AIR aligns and registers brain SPECT images with acceptable accuracy, without the necessity of MRI or x-ray-CT scans.

Brain↗
PubMed1998

Magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses in divers.

BACKGROUND: CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) frequently reveal asymptomatic paranasal sinus mucosal hypertrophy in the general population. HYPOTHESIS: Divers can suffer asymptomatic paranasal sinus mucosal injury secondary to barotrauma. METHODS: We examined 20 professional divers by MRI and compared them to 20 normal controls. Paranasal sinus mucosal hypertrophy was defined as mucosal thickening of 3 mm or greater. RESULTS: Nine divers had paranasal sinus mucosal hypertrophy vs. four controls (p = 0.09). There was no significant relationship between paranasal sinus hypertrophy and age, diving history, alcohol consumption, or smoking. CONCLUSION: Divers had a tendency toward paranasal sinus mucosal hypertrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Multidrug resistance mediated by overexpression of P-glycoprotein in human osteosarcoma in vivo.

We examined the expression levels of P-glycoprotein (P-Gp)/the human multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) and in vivo chemosensitivity in the 7 osteosarcoma xenografts. Three of seven (43%) osteosarcoma xenografts expressed MDR1 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The OSS-516R xenograft selected with vincristine (VCR) from the MDR1-negative xenograft OSS-516, which was sensitive to VCR and doxorubicin (DOX), acquired cross-resistance to DOX. In the OSS-516R, RT-PCR assay showed definite MDR1 expression and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated P-Gp-positive tumor cells. These results suggest that P-Gp/MDR1 overexpression is related to multidrug resistance in human osteosarcoma in vivo.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1998

[Data management for clinical trials at the data center].

Data Management is a series of procedures and a research field which assure the quality control in clinical trials. Poorly performed data management can cause various biases in the results of clinical trials. Data management is important especially in cancer clinical trials because of their multiple endpoints, dealing with multiple therapeutic drugs and modalities. Data checks performed by data center staff and composed of manual and computer checks are the main procedures in data management. It is most important that all participants of clinical trials, physicians, nurses, biostatisticians and data managers, understand the data management processes and collaborate with one other from the earliest stage of conducting clinical trials.

Biometry↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnosis and treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma].

In order to investigate the mechanism of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 322 patients with HCCs (size: < or = 3 cm) treated by percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) or radiation therapy were evaluated. Cumulative recurrent rates of new lesions after the initial therapy were 25% (1-year), 57% (2-year) and 71% (3-year). In 116 patients whose tumors were multiple at the time of initial therapy, the recurrent rates were higher compared with 206 patients with a single tumor. In 228 of all patients, new lesions were observed in the noncancerous liver after initial therapy. We observed a single new lesion in 67% of the 134 patients, whose HCC was single at the time of initial therapy. In the remaining 33% of these patients, multiple new lesions were observed. As for the recurrence site, we found new lesions at a different segment of the liver from the initial HCC in 52% of these 134 patients. In the patients with multiple recurrent HCCs, the survival rates were lower in comparison with the patients whose recurrent HCC was single. In the patients whose new lesions were found within 1 year after the initial therapy, the survival rates were also lower compared with the patients whose new lesions were not detected during 1 year. In conclusion, the mechanism of multicentric occurrence may be closely correlated with the intrahepatic recurrence of HCC in consideration of the high incidence of recurrent rates of HCCs and their recurrent pattern.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Repeated arterial infusion of zinostatin stimalamer using port for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma].

Four patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by repeated arterial infusion of zinostatin stimalamer (SMANCS). Every 4 weeks, 4 mg of SMANCS and 4 ml of Lipiodol were administered via the proper hepatic artery using an implantable arterial port. Three patients with advanced liver cirrhosis (Child B or C) could no longer be treated after 2 or 3 courses of SMANCS infusion because of hepatic failure. In the remaining patient also with compensated liver cirrhosis (Child A), a partial response was observed after 5 courses of chemo-infusion, but we discontinued infusion of SMANCS because of hepatic failure. To assess the usefulness of SMANCS for repeated arterial chemo-infusion by the port, we evaluated 103 patients with advanced HCC treated by Lipiodol emulsion mixed with 70 mg of epirubicin (EPI) using a port. An average course was 11 arterial infusions, and the overall response rate was 40%. One-year survival rates were 62% in Child A, 59% in Child B, and 53% in Child C. Compared with Child A and B patients, both elevation of serum total bilirubin levels and decrease of serum albumin levels were observed after 9 months in Child C patients. In conclusion, SMANCS may have more severe hepatic toxicity in comparison with Lipiodol emulsion mixed with EPI.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Malignant lymphoma of the gingiva: MR evaluation.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to document the MR imaging findings of malignant lymphoma of the gingiva. METHODS: Five patients with histologically proved malignant lymphoma of the gingiva were studied by MR imaging. The MR images were analyzed for tumor size, extent, and signal characteristics, bone involvement, and associated cervical lymph node enlargement. RESULTS: Clinical examination tended to underestimate the size of lymphomatous lesions. The signal intensity of the lesions was isointense to hyperintense relative to muscle on noncontrast T1-weighted images and showed variable contrast enhancement patterns. On T2-weighted images, signal intensity was isointense to hypointense relative to the oral mucosa. In one case, the mass extended to the submandibular space; in the remaining cases, the masses were limited to the gingiva and the adjacent bone. MR imaging revealed that gingival lymphomatous masses were broad-based along the mandible or maxilla and eroded through the cortex into the marrow space, but the cortex was still recognizable. No nodal involvement was noted in any of the patients with malignant lymphoma. CONCLUSION: The signal characteristics of gingival lymphoma overlap those of other tumors. The cortex separating marrow involvement from the broad-based gingival mass generally appears to be permeated with small erosions but is still recognizable.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Lesion-to-background ratio in nonattenuation-corrected whole-body FDG PET images.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of attenuation-corrected and nonattenuation-corrected whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET images to determine an adequate method that can semiquantitatively evaluate nonattenuation-corrected images. METHODS: Whole-body PET studies were performed in 24 fasting patients with various tumors (lung cancers, n = 18; mediastinal tumors, n = 4; breast cancers, n = 2) 30-40 min after a bolus injection of 18F-FDG. Transmission scans followed emission data acquisition. Reconstructed attenuation-corrected and uncorrected images were displayed simultaneously and the relative FDG uptake in lesions and corresponding background areas was evaluated by the region of interest method. Both types of images were also compared with X-CT scans and conventional nuclear medicine scans for diagnostic efficacy. RESULTS: Attenuation-corrected and uncorrected images were found to be equally sensitive for detecting lesions. There was a strong linear correlation between lesion-to-background (L/B) ratios calculated on attenuation-corrected and uncorrected images (r = 0.98; p < 0.001). Significant differences in L/B ratios between attenuation-corrected and uncorrected images were present in only 6 of 55 lesions (11%). Standardized uptake ratios (SURs) in attenuation-uncorrected images did not correlate with SURs in attenuation-corrected images nor with L/B ratios in uncorrected images. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of attenuation-uncorrected FDG PET images in evaluating tumors is similar to that using attenuation-corrected images. Uncorrected images provide not only clinically useful but also quantitative information equivalent to that provided by attenuation-corrected images. However the L/B ratio is the only available index that can be used for quantification of uncorrected images.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

[Tracheal intubation for emergent tracheostomy in a patient complicated with tracheal stenosis].

We report the management of anesthesia for emergent tracheostomy in a patient with severe tracheal stenosis. A 63-year-old male was scheduled for an emergency tracheostomy for severe tracheal stenosis due to the invasion of a thyroid cancer. A preoperative neck CT revealed the tracheal stenosis, extending from 1-2 cm below the vocal cord to the upper end of the sternum. The narrowest caliber was about 7 mm in transverse diameter. Moreover, the cancer was suspected to have a bleeding tendency. General anesthesia with endotracheal intubation was considered necessary to provide an open airway during tracheostomy. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental, and a 6.0 mm endotracheal tube with cuff was successfully introduced with a balloon introducer (AIRGUID E) using suxamethonium. We were able to perform tracheostomy uneventfully.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1998

Natural course of small hepatocellular carcinoma with underlying cirrhosis. A study of 30 patients.

To anticipate the prognosis and choose therapy for patients with relatively early-stage HCCs, we elucidate the natural course of such patients. Thirty cirrhotic patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) < 3 cm in size and not receiving anti-cancer treatment were followed by sonography for periods of 6-48 mots. The growth speed varied considerably from case to case, with an average of 6.5+/-5.7 months of doubling time (DT). Growth speed of small HCC is significantly related to histological differentiation of tumors: a slow-growing HCC tends to be well-differentiated and a rapid-growing HCC moderately- or poorly-differentiated. Furthermore, there was a tendency to grow without changing from nodular type in slow-growing HCCs and to multiple nodular or massive types in intermediate- and rapid-growing HCCs. The survival rates of these untreated HCC patients showed a 1-yr survival of 90.7%, a 2-yr survival of 55.0%, and a 3-yr survival of 12.8%. Factors significantly influencing survival of these patients were serum total bilirubin level and DT. This study will provide invaluable data for diagnosing and treating for small HCCs.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

MR imaging of the central nervous system in divers.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonanse imaging (MRI) frequently reveals asymptomatic cerebral infarctions in the general population. HYPOTHESIS: The central nervous system (CNS) of divers is affected by a hyperbaric environment even if they are asymptomatic. METHODS: We examined 25 uniformed service divers by MRI and compared them with normal controls. RESULTS: Of 25 divers, 9 had CNS lesions vs. 2 of 25 controls (p = 0.02). There was a significant relationship between the CNS lesions, age, and smoking. CONCLUSION: The divers had a risk of accumulating CNS lesions. These results suggested that divers should undergo periodic medical evaluations and MRI brain scanning.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Absence of induced spasm by intracoronary injection of 50 micrograms acetylcholine in the right coronary artery: usefulness of 80 micrograms of acetylcholine as a spasm provocation test].

This study investigated whether the maximal dose of 50 micrograms acetylcholine for the induction of coronary spasm in the right coronary artery is adequate. The acetylcholine test was performed in 388 consecutive patients to evaluate spasm from January 1994 to December 1997. Coronary spasm in the right coronary artery was induced in 43 patients, 37 men and 6 women with a mean age of 63 +/- 8 years by intracoronary injection of 80 micrograms of acetylcholine rather than 50 micrograms. These included 15 patients (35%) with rest angina, 23 patients with ischemic heart disease other than rest angina and 5 patients (12%) with non-ischemic heart disease. Acetylcholine was injected in incremental doses of 20, 50 and 80 micrograms into the right coronary artery. Positive spasm was defined as induction of more than 90% reversible narrowing associated with either usual chest pain or ischemic electrocardiographic changes. Clinical and angiographical characteristics was studied in these patients. Fifteen (35%) patients had rest angina and 4 patients had variant angina with ST elevation in the inferior leads. Two thirds of the patients had coronary spasm in the distal portion of the right coronary artery and one third of those disclosed spasm focally. Coronary spasm was induced in 38 (15%) of 246 patients with ischemic heart disease and in 5 (4%) of 142 patients with non-ischemic heart disease. The prevalence of positive spasm in patients with ischemic heart disease was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than in patients with non-ischemic heart disease. A dose of 80 micrograms of acetylcholine, more than the maximal standard dose, might be clinically useful for the induction of spasm in the right coronary artery if coronary spasm of this artery is strongly suspected.

Acetylcholine↗