[A case of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) during interferon-alpha treatment of chronic hepatitis C].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
H Fujimoto
Publications and source records attributed to H Fujimoto.
[BUN, Bence Jones protein, and chromosomal aberrations predict survival in multiple myeloma].
The prognostic significance of of some clinical features in 41 patients with multiple myeloma (including 2 patients with plasma cell leukemia) from our institution was analyzed. Out of 14 variables isolated from the univariate analysis (P < 0.05), only three (BUN, Bence Jones protein, and chromosomal aberrations) were significant in the multivariate model (P < 0.05). Derived from these three variables, three subpopulations of patients were identified. The first group included 20 patients with a low risk of death and their median survival has not been reached. In particular, no one died during the first 60 months in this group. The second group also included 14 patients with an intermediate risk of death and a median survival of 49.2 months. The third group comprised seven patients with a high risk of death during 24 months after diagnosis and a median survival of 31.6 months (P < 0.0001). Finally, Durie & Salmon's myeloma staging system was demonstrated in the present series, and it showed prognostic validity for each stage (P < 0.0222). Compared with Durie & Salmon's staging system, our prognostic model for multiple myeloma was more useful to predict prognosis when applied to the present series.
Adult↗
Identification of a transcriptional silencer in the protein-coding region of the mouse major inducible Hsp70 gene.
The mouse Hsp70.3 gene encodes the major inducible HSP70 protein and is located in close proximity to the Hsc70t gene, a testis-specific variant of the Hsp70 gene family. The two genes are arranged head-to-head, transcribed in divergent directions, and separated by approximately 600 base pairs. During transient expression analysis of the promoter for Hsc70t in mouse L cells, we have found that the Hsp70.3 coding region between -1844 and -800 relative to the transcription start site of Hsc70t possesses a silencer activity. The negative regulatory region containing this sequence also inhibited the expression from the heterologous simian virus 40 early promoter independently of orientation and position. It is possible that this silencer may not only be involved in testis-specific expression of Hsc70t but also function in down-regulation of Hsp70.3 induction.
Animals↗
Inadequate function of sterile tw5/tw32 spermatozoa overcome by intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Mice carrying two t complementary haplotypes (tw5/tw32) are totally sterile. Their spermatozoa have poor motility and fertilize neither zona-intact nor zona-free oocytes, even though they are structurally indistinguishable from control (wild-type) spermatozoa. However, when injected directly into oocytes, these infertile spermatozoa are able to participate in normal development. This suggests that infertility of tw5/tw32 male (spermatozoa) is more likely to be due to poor sperm-oocyte interaction than to genetic incompetence of sperm nuclei.
Animals↗
Intracranial metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma: CT and MRI.
We report clinical characteristics and CT and MRI in 16 patients with brain metastases due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Eight of these 16 patients presented with apoplexy-like symptoms (50%). Pulmonary metastases were found in 13 cases (81.3%). The mean survival from the appearance of cerebral metastases to death was 6.2 weeks, which is one of the shortest survival terms in metastatic brain tumours. Haemorrhagic brain metastases were observed in 14 patients (87.5%) with a tendency for the frequency of bleeding to increase in proportion to the size of the tumour. On both contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, metastatic brain tumours enhanced strongly, suggesting that brain metastases, like HCC, are also hypervascular. MRI is useful in evaluating brain metastases from HCC, especially in order to differentiate tumour from haemorrhage. Our results demonstrated a poor prognosis and bleeding tendency of brain metastases due to HCC and showed the usefulness of CT and MRI in achieving a correct diagnosis.
Adult↗
The relationship between lipoprotein(a) and low density lipoprotein receptors during the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
To determine whether the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor pathway is involved in the catabolism of plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], serum lipids, Lp(a), and LDL receptor activity were measured in seven patients with hyperthyroidism before and after methimazole treatment given hyperthyroidism is associated with enhanced LDL receptor activity. LDL receptor activity in patients was estimated by the equation using the serum concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B and C-II. When euthyroidism was achieved after treatment, not only did serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apo B, and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-Ch) levels rise, but Lp(a) significantly increased and calculated LDL receptor activity significantly decreased. The changes in LDL receptor activity were significantly correlated with the changes in LDL-Ch as expected, but not with changes in Lp(a). These results suggest that the serum concentration of Lp(a) is lowered in hyperthyroidism, probably by a mechanism other than the enhanced activity of the LDL receptor, and that the LDL receptor pathway is involved in the catabolism of Lp(a) to a limited extent.
Apolipoproteins↗
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. CT findings with pathologic correlation in 6 cases.
PURPOSE: To characterize the CT findings of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT and pathologic specimens of 6 patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (5 in the trunk and 1 in the leg) were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: CT clearly defined the tumors in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue with a characteristic, if not pathognomonic, protrusion. On postcontrast CT, 3 tumors showed marginal enhancement and central low density, while the others showed homogeneous enhancement. Pathologically, the marginal enhancement on CT corresponded to fibrosarcomatous changes, and the central low density to necrosis. The tumors with homogeneous enhancement had no sarcomatous changes. CONCLUSION: CT allows detection and precise anatomic localization of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Marginal enhancement with central low density on CT may suggest a relatively poor prognosis.
Adult↗
Isolation of three new azaphilones, luteusins C, D, and E, from an ascomycete, talaromyces luteus.
Three new azaphilones, named luteusins C, D, and E, were isolated from an Ascomycete, Talaromyces luteus, together with luteusins A and B (previous tentative designations: TL-1 and -2, respectively), which had formerly been isolated as monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibitory azaphilones from the fungus. The new compounds had no MAO-inhibitory activity.
Animals↗
Comparison of neurogenic contraction and relaxation in canine corpus cavernosum and penile artery and vein.
Functional roles of autonomic efferent nerves were compared in the isolated canine corpus cavernosum, penile artery and penile vein that participate in the penile erection by changing blood distribution. Nicotine produced moderate contraction in the arterial strips, but only a slight or no contraction in the corpus and venous strips. The contraction was suppressed or reversed to a relaxation by prazosin. Under alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade, relaxations induced by nicotine were in the order of the corpus > artery > > vein. The response was abolished by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) and restored by L-arginine. The responses to nicotine and exogenous nitric oxide (NO) were abolished by oxyhemoglobin. The relaxant response to transmural electrical stimulation at 5 Hz was greater in the corpus than venous strips treated with prazosin, and it was abolished by L-NA. Contractions caused by nicotine under treatment with L-NA were greater in the artery than in the vein and corpus. Histochemical studies demonstrated nerve fibers containing NO synthase and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the corpus cavernosum, artery and vein. It is concluded that the canine corpus cavernosum, penile artery and penile vein are innervated by adrenergic, vasoconstrictor and nitroxidergic, vasodilator nerves; neurogenic vasodilatation is predominant in the corpus muscle, whereas neurogenic vasoconstriction predominates in the artery. Such a different functioning of the nerves may be responsible for the penile erection.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Ganglioneuroma: computed tomography and magnetic resonance features.
12 patients who had histological proven ganglioneuromas were investigated by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. CT scans (n = 11), conventional spin-echo MR images (n = 10) and dynamic MR images (n = 5) were acquired. All lesions showed a well defined, oval shape. Five lesions (42%) showed calcification which was punctate in four and coarse in one on CT. CT attenuation was predominantly low in three of 10 (30%) and intermediate in the remaining seven (70%). In all lesions MR signals were mainly of low intensity on T1 weighted images (T1WI) and of high intensity on T2 weighted images (T2WI). Dynamic MR studies in five cases showed a lack of early enhancement but gradual increasing enhancement. One case had a ganglioneuroblastoma component which showed soft-tissue density and coarse calcifications on CT scans, MR images with intermediate intensity on T1WI and T2WI and early enhancement and little washout on dynamic MR images. In conclusion, ganglioneuroma typically shows punctate calcification and low attenuation on CT and marked hyperintensity on T2WI with gradual increasing enhancement on dynamic MR images. If a ganglioneuroma has atypical CT and MR features, coexistence of a malignant component should be considered.
Adolescent↗
[The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and morphological classification of invasive bladder cancer according to chemoresponse].
BACKGROUND: We investigated the propriety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the possibility of bladder preservation based on clinical and pathological responses in invasive bladder cancer. METHOD: Nineteen cases of invasive bladder cancer which had been subjected to two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 79% (5/19), and 7 cases (37%) had a pathological complete response (pCR). Many cases showed degeneration or necrosis of cancer cells and infiltration of lymphocytes around the original cancer sites. Foamy macrophage or fibrous change was observed in high response cases. Thickening of the bladder wall were found after chemotherapy in such cases, which led to over-staging of the CT scan. We divided invasive bladder cancers into four different types based on gross tumor appearance and histology from TUR biopsy specimen: Type 1 which has an nodularly elevating pedunculated structure: Type 2A which has an elevating nonpedunculated structure with partly papillary component and no lymph vessel invasion: Type 2B which has an elevating nonpedunculated structure with partly papillary component and marked lymph vessel invasion: and Type 3 which has a nonelevating diffuse invasive structure with CIS lesion. The therapeutic effect was greater than grade 2 in 7 cases out of 8 (88%) Type 1, 2 cases out of 3 (67%) Type 2A, no case out of 6 (0%) type 2B, and 1 case out of 2 (50%) type 3. CONCLUSION: This classification will indicate the appropriate preoperative treatment for invasive bladder cancer, and will be useful when formulating criteria for bladder preservation. In particular, Type 1 or Type 2A is chemosensitive and may be considered for bladder preservation.
Adult↗
[Five cases of myelodysplastic syndrome treated with cytarabine ocfosfate].
Five cases of myelodysplastic syndrome were treated with cytarabine ocfosfate. Ocfosfate (100-200 mg) was orally administered for 14 days with 14 days' interval. Etoposide was combined in one case, and nartograstim was added in two cases. Two of the five cases achieved remission, one case having complete remission, and another case showing a good response. Their remission durations were 141 and 112 days, respectively. Further improvement of therapy is needed to achieve a higher remission rate and a longer remission duration.
Administration, Oral↗
Enzymatic synthesis of mannobioses and mannotrioses by reverse hydrolysis using alpha-mannosidase from Aspergillus niger.
Various manno-oligosaccharides including alpha-D-man-(1 --> 2)-D man and alpha-D-man-(1 --> 2)-alpha-D-man-(1 --> 2)-D-man were formed when a highly concentrated mannose solution was incubated in the presence of alpha-mannosidase from Aspergillus niger. alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 2)-D-man and alpha-D- man-(1 --> 2)-alpha-D-man-(1 --> 2)-D-man were isolated by activated carbon chromatography followed by high performance liquid chromatography using an amino-silica column. In addition to the above oligosaccharides, alpha-D-man-(1 --> 3)-D-man, alpha-D-man-(1 --> 6)-D-man, and alpha-D-man-(1 --> 2)-alpha-D-man-(1 -->6)-D-man were also isolated.
Aspergillus niger↗
Contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI of adrenal masses: classification of characteristic enhancement patterns.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the usefulness of dynamic MRI to differentiate various adrenal tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five adrenal tumours (28 adenomas, 22 metastases, seven phaeochromocytomas, five neurogenic tumours and three tuberculous granulomas) were evaluated with gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MRI (13 at 0.5 T, 52 at 1.5 T). In this technique, a series of 12 sequential images (gradient-echo images at 0.5 T and spin-echo images at 1.5 T) were obtained up to 21 min after bolus administration of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA. RESULTS: All 28 adenomas showed peak enhancement in the early phase (< 2 min) and quick washout. Fourteen of 22 metastases showed peak enhancement in the early or middle phase (< 9 min) and slow washout. Six of seven phaeochromocytomas revealed marked peak enhancement in the early phase and little washout. All neurogenic tumours showed gradually increasing enhancement. Granulomas showed little enhancement. As a result, only 14 adrenal masses (27/65, 42%) were correctly classified according to contrast enhancement patterns. However, if we consider each type of enhancement pattern to be specific to adenoma, metastasis, phaeochromocytoma, neurogenic tumour and tuberculous granuloma respectively, 56 of the 65 adrenal masses (86%) could be classified. Seven of the indistinguishable nine tumours were performed at 0.5 T system using gradient-echo sequences. CONCLUSION: Dynamic MR imaging at 1.5 T is useful in the differentiation of adrenal masses. Imaging at 0.5 T with gradient-echo sequences seems less useful to distinguish adenomas from metastases.
Adenoma↗
Intraductal tumor involvement and renal parenchymal invasion of transitional cell carcinoma in the renal pelvis.
Surgical specimens obtained from 21 patients with renal pelvic cancer, in which the tumor was located on the side of the renal parenchyma, were reviewed with special reference to tumor involvement with renal collecting ducts and/or renal parenchyma. Four distinct entities were found: 1) 4 tumors that involved the collecting ducts without invasion of renal parenchyma, 2) 4 tumors that involved the collecting ducts with microscopic invasion of renal parenchyma, 3) 5 tumors that invaded the renal parenchyma by less than 5 mm. and were microscopically identified as being without ductal involvement and 4) 6 tumors that exhibited extensive renal parenchymal invasion. The patients with intraductal tumors had good prognosis as did those with microscopic invasion except for 1 who died of lymph nodes metastases. Conversely, 6 patients with extensive invasion had a poor prognosis, 5 (88%) of whom died of recurrent tumor or distant metastases. The differences in these 4 entities may be important, especially if large numbers of patients are examined, and they may ultimately be shown to have a different prognosis.
Adult↗
Stimulatory effect of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mouse alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in vitro: involvement of protein kinase C and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase.
1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, calcitriol] has been shown to modulate the immune function of peripheral monocytes and peritoneal macrophages. However, its effect on alveolar macrophage (AM) cytokine secretion has not been reported. We therefore investigated the influence of calcitriol on tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) production by murine AMs and attempted to elucidate changes in the signal transduction system involved in such effects. Calcitriol significantly enhanced TNF-alpha secretion by AM stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 micrograms/ml; p < 0.005) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 100 ng/ml; p < 0.05) at low doses (between 10(-11) and 10(-9) M). However the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, H7 (10 microM), and the Ca2+/calmodulin inhibitor, W7 (25 microM), reversed such calcitriol effects. Calcitriol increased the total PKC activity of AMs. These findings indicate that calcitriol enhances both LPS- and PMA-stimulated TNF-alpha secretion through PKC- or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent pathways.
Animals↗
Isolation of some immunosuppressive components from an ascomycete, Gelasinospora multiforis.
Five new components, named multiforisins A, B, C, D, and E, with immunosuppressive activity were isolated from an Ascomycete, Gelasinospora multiforis. Multiforisin A, the main immunosuppressive principle of this fungus, was deduced to be 5-formyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-6-(1E-propenyl)-alpha-pyrone. Multiforisins B, C, D, and E were also deduced to be alpha-pyrone derivatives related to multiforisin A. The IC50 values of multiforisins A, B, C, D, E, and dihydro multiforisin A were evaluated against proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide.
Ascomycota↗
[Prognosis after radical surgery in prostatic cancer patients with lymph nodes metastases].
We investigated prognosis of clinically localized prostatic adenocarcinoma patients who revealed to have had lymph nodes metastases by undergoing radical surgery. Eighty six patients were operated during the last 15 years under the clinical diagnosis of A2, 9 patients, B1, 15 B2, 13 and C, 49, respectively. Total prostatectomy was done to 51, total cystoprostatectomy to 33 and total pelvic excentration to 2 patients. Of these patients, 22.2% with stage A2, 20.2% with B1, 7.7% with B2 and 43.8% with C had positive nodes and the rate of positive nodes in stage C was significantly higher than that in other stages (p < 0.01). Regarding histological differentiation, 15.4% of well, 23.7% of moderate and 51.6% of poor by differentiated had positive nodes and the rate of positive nodes in poor by differentiated was significantly higher (p < 0.01). In 2 of 21 cases whose lymph nodes were dissected to the level of the aortic bifurcation, positive nodes were detected only in the external and common iliac areas. These two cases were missed, i.e., "false negative" if limited nodes dissection was performed. All patients with positive nodes were treated with hormonal therapy. The 5-year cancer specific survival rate of patients with positive (n = 27) and negative (n = 59) nodes were 66.4% and 92.4%, respectively. The prognosis of patients with positive nodes were significantly worse than that of patients with negative nodes (p < 0.001). Among 27 patients with positive nodes, significant prognostic factor was not number or extent of positive nodes, but histological differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adenocarcinoma↗