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Biomedical subjects

H Frommhold

Publications and source records attributed to H Frommhold.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Importance of computed tomography in irradiation planning for the thoracic region (author's transl)].

The target volumes, anatomical distances and isodose curves in 62 patients undergoing irradiation of the thoracic region have been defined and compared for treatment planning, using an idealized transversal body section on the one hand, and computed tomograms on the other hand. 74% revealed nonconformance of the target volumes, and correction on the radiation field was therefore necessary in 62%, according to the CT-findings. Computed tomograms are superior to conventional treatment planning because they present individual body sections. Thus, deviations of the peak doses amounted to more than 10%: in the region of the mediastinum 7%, in the region of th lungs 29%, and in the region of the spinal cord 13% of the cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Intraarterial chemotherapy in carcinomas of the oral cavity, oro- and hypopharynx (author's transl)].

Intraarterial chemotherapy using Methotrexate (MTX) was applied on 128 patients with carcinoma of the head and neck. If possible, the operation was performed followed by radiation, including cervical lymph nodes after initial chemotherapy. The aim of i.a. chemotherapy is to realise a partial remission of the tumor mass so that better conditions are available for the following operation respectively radiation. The 1 year NED results and the 3 year survival rate show an improvement in comparison with published results, including the regional lymph nodes metastases. This is especially the case when chemotherapy is followed by the operation and radiation. The tumor mass and in many cases the regional lymph nodes were reduced and subjective complaints were lessened. -- The additional i.a. chemotherapy with MTX seems to us justified, especially because of the low complication rate, although it is no substitute for radiation and surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Morphological and cell kinetic investigations on squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx under intraarterial therapy of methotrexat and irradiation (author's transl)].

To examine the effect of methotrexate therapy and irradiation morphological and cell kinetic studies were performed on squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx at the begin, the middle and the end of therapy. In the incubated biopsies the morphological pattern especially the proliferative activity of the carcinomas under therapy and after estimation of the mitotic index changed not significantly. However, the cell kinetic analysis by in vitro autoradiography with tritiated thymidine showed a continuous decrease of the labeling indices of tumor cells. These cell kinetic results were in good agreement with the clinical findings and supported a good response of squamous cell carcinomas on intraarterial methotrexate therapy as well as on irradiation.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1981

[Carcinomas of the Nasopharynx. Clinical aspects--treatment results--therapeutical improvements (author's transl)].

In the years from 1968-1977 to 44 out of 63 patients with carcinomas of the nasopharynx and to 15 out of 19 patients with malignant lymphomas of the nasopharynx curative radiation therapy was applied. The survival-rates for all carcinomas amount to 63,2% after 3 years, and to 46,5% after 5 years. Half of the patients live up to only 9% of their mean, age- and sex-dependent life expectancy. The prognosis differs with the histological type. Patients with transitional-cell-carcinomas had the smallest chance of survival; half of them did not survive. 0.08% of their age-dependent life expectancy. Skeletal infiltration and metastases of the cervical lymph nodes have a bad influence on the therapeutic results. Local recurrences developed in 20% of the patients. Using the examples of 3 patients, who don't belong to the analyzed collective, we shall discuss and optimize the radiotherapeutic management. As a result it is found out, that the megavoltage irradiation therapy (42 MeV X-rays) makes a better dose distribution in tumour-volume than cobalt 60 rays.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[The value of computer tomography and sonography in the investigation of the pancreas (author's transl)].

Three hundred and five patients were examined by computer tomography and sonography. In 117 patients no abnormalities were found in the pancreas. The accuracy of computer tomography was 87%, of sonography 85%. In 41 patients the presence of a carcinoma of the pancreas was confirmed histologically. In this group the sensitivity of computer tomography was 83%, of sonography 85%. Thirty-four patients suffered from acute pancreatitis. In this group sensitivity of the two methods was equal at 79%. 113 patients had changes of chronic pancreatitis. Sensitivity of computer tomography was 84%, of sonography 70%. Computer tomography is better at demonstrating calcification in the pancreas. Atrophy of the pancreas cannot be diagnosed by sonography.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Hematologic toxicity of total body irradiation (author's transl)].

Eleven patients with malignant lymphoma were treated with total body irradiation. This therapy was performed during 3 weeks with a midline dose of 70 to 100 rd. Two patients were treated two times after an internal of 3 months. The authors studied the hematologic side effects of this therapy. The irradiation caused a diminution of leucocytes of 73% of the initial value (range 16,7 to 98,4%), the neutrophilic granulocytes were reduced by 60% (24-95%), the thrombocytes were reduced by 57% (12-73%). The lowest values were seen during the fourth and sixth week of observation or one to three weeks after the end of therapy. In patients with hypoplastic anemia the number of reticulocytes was reduced to zero with a further fall of hematocrit and replacement therapy was necessary. The pool of circulating CFUc was reduced to zero in nine of twelve observations up to six weeks after therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Problems of evaluation of therapy results achieved in tumor patients (author's transl)].

The success of a therapy can be judged in a more objective manner by comparing the survival times of a group of patients with those of comparable sound persons. In order to complete the histological classification of the different tumor types, the criteria "characterizing survival time T" and "a" can be established by adapting the survival times to the scheme of Weibull.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Mulitple primary carcinomas.--Analysis and discussion of 74 cases (author's transl)].

This study is based on the examination of 3132 patients. 74 of these patients (2,6%) had clearly demonstrated multiple tumors. Most of them were located in the mamma, the female sex organs, the oral cavity and the pharynx as well as in the lymphatic and hematopoietic organs. A significantly greater risk to develop secondary carcinomas was found in patients suffering from primary mamma carcinomas. A correlation with other tumors of the female sex organs can also be supposed. In case of other malignant tumors, it was not possible to demonstrate any tendency to form secondary carcinomas. Important informations about pathogenesis and etiology of carcinomas can be obtained by the performance of detailed examinations which have to be based on reliable statistical methods.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

[Computer-assisted irradiation planning by means of computed tomography (author's transl)].

Operation of the computer tomograph combined with a computer for irradiation planning leads to an optimization of radiotherapeutic efforts. By means of a careful carrying-over of computed tomographic data into the computing system the demanded homogeneous dose distribution with a deviation rate of +/- 10% may be accomplished to a large extent for any given target volume. At the same time this method achieves an optimal sparing of the sound or else critical organs. An evaluation unit independent of the diagnostics ought to be available, as this renders possible the adaptation of the CT cross-sections of interest under individual aspects.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

[Radiation therapy of endocrine orbitopathy. 1st communication: clinical results (author's transl)].

Ten patients with serious endocrine orbitopathy underwent radiation therapy of the retrobulbar orbital tissue. Between the 2nd and the 13th week preceding radiotherapy, exacerbation of the clinical symptoms had appeared in all the patients, and distinct symptoms of infiltrative tissular processes were seen beside bulbar protrusion. Of the cases, 5 suffered from marked extra-ocular myopathy, 6 from corneal lesions, and one patient had lost his visual faculty. Index numbers for the degree of the orbitopathy (4-11, average 6.7) were established in all cases, and a total focal dose amounting to maximally 1000 cGy for each retrobulbar target volume was administered in one series. The pituitary gland was not included in the radiation field. Indices for the degree of ophthalmopathy were reduced by at least 3 points (average 3.7). Swelling of soft tissue and bulbar protrusion were decreased primarily. No improvement of myopathy was obtained but aggravation also did not occur. Recurrences appeared in 4 patients, at the earliest 4 months, at the latest 24 months after the end of the therapy. The present findings have shown orbital irradiation as an effective method for the treatment of endocrine orbitopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The diagnosis of hydatid disease of the liver by ultrasound (author's transl)].

Demonstration and localisation of hydatid disease in the liver by ultrasound was successful in 41 patients (35 with cystic and 6 with alveolar disease). In cystic hydatid disease the demonstration of a cyst which contains a daughter cyst (5 of 35 cases), as well as a cystic conglomerate enclosed in a smooth capsule (17 of 35 cases), is typical for the disease. In 22 patients ultrasound alone provided the correct diagnosis. In the alveolar form the ultrasound findings were not typical for the parasite and could not be differentiated from solid or necrotising malignant tumour of the liver. The ultrasound method is thus of great value in the diagnosis of cystic hydatid disease, but if the findings are unclear--especially if the alveolar type of disease is suspected--further studies of the disease, in particular angiography, must be undertaken.

Angiography↗
PubMed1979

[A comparison of computer tomography and ultrasound for the demonstration of vessels in the abdomen and retroperitoneal space (author's transl)].

The value of computer tomography and ultrasound for demonstrating vessels in the abdomen and retroperitoneal space was compared. The methods were equal in their ability to demonstrate the major vessels situated centrally, but computer tomography proved better at differentiating arteries and veins situated peripherally. On the other hand, sonography proved a simple means of differentiating intrahepatic vascular structures.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

[Radiation therapy of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma: results of treatment and criteria of optimization (author's transl)].

From 1968 till 1977, out of 84 patients with a malignoma of the nasopharynx 44 underwent sole radiation therapy with curative doses because of histologically established nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The 3-year survival rates for all the carcinomas amount to 63.2%, 5-year survival to 46.5%. Prognoses differ according to the histological type of carcinoma, but therapeutic results are also influenced by osseous involvement or by spread to the lymph nodes. Local recurrences appeared in 20% at the base of the skull, at the pharyngeal roof or in the region of the posterior nasal apertures. Following analysis of the patient collective a critical examination of imaginable and of practically used irradiation schedules is performed. Of the possible arrangements for radiation therapy those with readily reproducible parallel opposed field adjustments using ultrahard photon beams are to be preferred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Diagnostic value of sonography of the bile ducts (author's transl)].

In obstructive biliary disease sonography proves to have a high diagnostic informative value. Dilatation of intra-and extrahepatic bile ducts is documented sonographically. In the majority of cases, analysis of sonographic findings will clarify the cause of biliary obstruction like cholecysto-cholangiolithiasis, carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, or various neoplastic disease in the area of the liver hilus. The obtained information is independent from contraindications like contrast medium allergies and severe parenchymal liver disease with impaired biliary secretion of contrast media.

Bile Duct Diseases↗