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Biomedical subjects

H Frank

Publications and source records attributed to H Frank.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Examples for using capillary gas chromatography with wide bore columns in occupational health].

Wide bore capillary columns (0.4-0.75 mm ID) can be easily and inexpensively installed in packed column GCs. The analytical advantages cause an expanding market for such capillaries and interconverting hardware kits. It is illustrated with some examples that often individual exposition levels can be determined exactly only by using capillary columns: ethylbenzene may be separated from the C8-isomers also in complex mixtures, the marker PBN for rubber smoke expositions can be determined with 30 min sampling time, the detection sensitivity of the FID is sufficient also for chlorinated pesticides and the analyses of high-boiling compounds profit by the high phase ratio of wide bore capillary columns. A single capillary column substitutes a variety of different packed columns, so saving time and money and protecting the analyst from failures and frustrating compromises.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

[Long-term follow-up of pulmonary hypertension of unknown etiology].

Since 1967, 166 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension of unknown etiology have been followed-up at the Department of Cardiology at the University of Vienna. Although an exact etiopathogenetic differentiation was not possible, three groups of patients were identified clinically: patients with so-called primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)--group 1; patients with pulmonary hypertension induced by anorexipens (aminorex fumarate)--group 2; and patients with pulmonary hypertension due to emboli in the large pulmonary vessels--group 3. In addition to non-invasive echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary pressures, regular cardiac catheterizations were carried out, which revealed right atrial mean pressure, cardiac output, and mixed venous saturation to be prognostic predictive factors. Patients with anorexigen-induced pulmonary hypertension have a clearly better life expectancy than those with PPH. Owing to the temporally limited effect of the pulmonary hypertension-inducing agent, aminorex fumarate (Menocil), patients with anorexigen-induced pulmonary hypertension may be considered a model group for drug-induced vascular pathology.

Aminorex↗
PubMed1989

Mass spectrometric detection of cross-linked fatty acids formed during radical-induced lesion of lipid membranes.

A mass spectrometric method is described for the quantitative determination of dimers of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) formed in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum of rats upon inhalation of tetrachloromethane. The results show that dimers account for a considerable fraction of microsomal PUFA which disappear during CCl4 metabolism. Cross-linking of the membrane lipids of the endoplasmic reticulum seems to be a significant process with respect to cell toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The determination of (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-ifosfamide in plasma using enantioselective gas chromatography: a validated assay for pharmacokinetic and clinical studies.

An enantioselective gas chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the determination of the plasma concentration of the enantiomers of the anticancer drug ifosfamide (IFF). In this approach, the IFF enantiomers are separated from the plasma matrix by solid phase extraction, chromatographically resolved by gas chromatography on a chiral stationary phase, and detected by mass selective detection using selective ion monitoring. The assay has been validated for routine clinical and pharmacokinetic use and has a limit of detection in plasma of 250 ng/ml of each isomer.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1989

Randomized controlled trial of silymarin treatment in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

Silymarin, the active principle of the milk thistle Silybum marianum, protects experimental animals against various hepatotoxic substances. To determine the effect of silymarin on the outcome of patients with cirrhosis, a double blind, prospective, randomized study was performed in 170 patients with cirrhosis. 87 patients (alcoholic 46, non-alcoholic 41; 61 male, 26 female; Child A, 47; B, 37; C, 3; mean age 57) received 140 mg silymarin three times daily. 83 patients (alcoholic 45, non-alcoholic 38; 62 male, 21 female; Child A, 42; B, 32; C, 9: mean age 58) received a placebo. Non-compliant patients and patients who failed to come to a control were considered as 'drop outs' and were withdrawn from the study. All patients received the same treatment until the last patient entered had finished 2-years of treatment. The mean observation period was 41 months. There were 10 drop outs in the placebo group and 14 in the treatment group. In the placebo group, 37 (+2 drop outs) patients had died, and in 31 of these, death was related to liver disease. In the treatment group, 24 (+4 drop outs) had died, and in 18 of these, death was related to liver disease. The 4-year survival rate was 58 +/- 9% (S.E.) in silymarin-treated patients and 39 +/- 9% in the placebo group (P = 0.036). Analysis of subgroups indicated that treatment was effective in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (P = 0.01) and in patients initially rated 'Child A' (P = 0.03). No side effects of drug treatment were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Corneal amyloidosis.

A 54-year-old man presented with a corneal lesion which on excision biopsy was found to be composed of amyloid. This material was presumably laid down in response to chronic irritation from the scarred lid and thus represents an example of secondary localised amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1989

Perceptions of parental bonding in borderline patients.

Eighteen borderline and 29 nonborderline female patients were scored on perceptions of care and of protection by each of their parents. The two groups differed significantly in that borderline patients perceived less care than did nonborderline patients, particularly from their mothers.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1989

[Lung changes in amiodarone therapy].

We describe a 59-year-old patient who was treated with amiodarone for severe ventricular arrhythmia. After a two-year period of medication the therapy had to be abandoned because of pulmonary changes on the chest X-ray that mimicked lung oedema; no other cause for the pulmonary opacities than an adverse effect of amiodarone was to be found. The radiological changes in the lungs regressed within one year with no specific therapy being administered.

Amiodarone↗
PubMed1988

Assignment of the configurations of the amino acids in peptidic siderophores.

Pyoverdins and azotobactins contain beta-hydroxyaspartic acid, N delta-hydroxyornithine, citrulline and homoserine, in addition to the common protein amino acids. Configuration assignment of all of these was achieved by acid hydrolysis of the peptide, derivatization of the constituent amino acids to the N-pentafluoropropionyl amino acid esters and gas chromatographic separation of the stereoisomers on capillaries coated with Chirasil-Val. This approach is straightforward for the protein amino acids, but the less common amino acids are either partially degraded during acid hydrolysis or their derivatives exhibit unfavourable gas chromatographic properties. By judicious combination of partial and total hydrolysis and dual derivatization, these problems may be overcome.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Fatty acids in liver microsomal lipids of rats exposed to hypoxia, tetrachloromethane, or both.

Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in hepatic microsomal lipids from male Sprague-Dawley rats are greatly lowered when the animals have been exposed to tetrachloromethane; at the same time, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid are significantly increased. Hypoxia alone causes similar derangements, but to a lesser extent. These are largely corrected 18 h after exposure; the effects induced by tetrachloromethane are persistent. The increases in 16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 suggest that in both cases microsomal enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism are inhibited, either reversibly or irreversibly. Reduction of oxygen partial pressure during tetrachloromethane exposure has little effect upon hepatotoxicity as judged by hepatic enzymes in serum; only the onset of their release into the bloodstream is earlier.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Tetrachloromethane metabolism in vivo under normoxia and hypoxia. Biochemical and histopathological effects relative to alkane exhalation.

About 250 mumol/kg tetrachloromethane is metabolized by male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving a dose of 500 mumol/kg by inhalation. Determination of enzyme activities and histopathological assessment show that various parameters reflecting cellular injury do not differ for the same amount of tetrachloromethane metabolized under different oxygen partial pressures. On the other hand, the amounts of ethane and pentane exhaled under hypoxic conditions are greater than under normoxia. The previously reported differences in the toxicity of tetrachloromethane upon exposure under normoxia or hypoxia seem to be mainly due to the different amounts of tetrachloromethane metabolized under both conditions.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1987

Monohydroperoxides of linoleic acid in endoplasmic lipids of rats exposed to tetrachloromethane.

An accurate method for the quantitative determination of hydroperoxy and hydroxy fatty acids in liver microsomes is presented which involves the use of 18O-labeled internal standards. The method is employed for the determination of hydroperoxides in rat liver microsomes after aerobic incubation with Fe2+/ADP and in microsomes from animals exposed to 75 mg tetrachloromethane/kg body weight. The amounts found after artificial microsomal "lipid peroxidation" are almost two orders of magnitude larger than those in microsomes from tetrachloromethane-exposed animals.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Psychological factors in the choice of psychiatry as a career.

A survey of psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists in a medical faculty examined questions bearing on two hypotheses, that psychiatrists choose their career either to heal themselves or to heal their families. The results provided some support for the psychiatrist as a "wounded healer". The findings did not appear to be an artifact of more psychiatrists having been in therapy. The results were the same whether or not psychiatrists specialized in psychotherapy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Measurability of non-small-cell lung cancer on chest radiographs.

Response rates to various drug regimens are determined in multi-center trials by radiographic measurement of tumor dimensions before and after treatment. The way in which lesions are measured may affect the reported results. Lesions due to primary lung cancer may be more difficult to assess than rounded peripheral metastases. No previous study has assessed the variability of tumor measurements in patients with primary lung cancer. Nineteen radiographs from 12 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were shown to 25 experienced readers on two separate occasions. Pre- and post-treatment (combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy) radiographs were first shown separately, unidentified and in random order. Three months later, they were shown side by side with the facility for comparison. A decrease in tumor size of greater than or equal to 50% was considered as a "response." Viewing paired films together increased the viewers ability to measure tumors compared with reading each film of the radiographic pair individually. Fifty-one percent of unmeasurable pairs became measurable when read together, whereas 13% of previously measurable pairs now became unmeasurable. The interobserver variation in measurements was 10% to 265%, while the intraobserver variation was 4% to 10%. The correlation between responses calculated on the first and second readings often was no better than chance alone. Subjective impressions of degree of improvement showed no good correlation with response rates measured objectively. Because of the large variation in measurements and consequently in response rate, we recommend that all radiographs be reviewed by a single observer for any particular study, and pre- and post-treatment radiographs be evaluated together.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗