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Biomedical subjects

H Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to H Fischer.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Immunodiagnosis of chronic lymphatic leukemia and leukemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with the monoclonal antibodies BL-Ig-L/1, BL-DR/1 and BL-T2].

3 self made monoclonal antibodies are tested with the indirect immunofluorescence method for the immunologic diagnostic of the circulating lymphocytes from 24 chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) and 14 leukaemic Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. In comparison, investigations were done with various specific rabbit antibody F(ab)2 fragments and antisera. The monoclonal antibody BL-Ig-L/1, which is directed to the human Ig L-chains, marked the neoplastic lymphocytes from 12 of 24 CLL and from 9 of 14 leukaemic NHL as membrane Ig+. The monoclonal antibody BL-DR/1, which reacts with a HLA-DR, binds to the blood lymphocytes of 23 CLL and 11 NHL patients. By this BL-DR/1 is superior to BL-Ig-L/1 for the immunologic diagnostic of the non-T-cell neoplasia. The with normal peripheral T-cells reactive monoclonal antibody BL-T2 reacts with malignant B lymphocytes on an equal scale as BL-DR/1. It is not qualified for the differentiation of malignant blood lymphocytes.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Investigation of the antitumor activity of new epoxide derivatives. Part II: N-glycidylated oxo-nitrogen heterocycles.

A number of N-glycidyl compounds derived from oxo-substituted nitrogen heterocycles such as diazines, triazines, diazoles, triazoles as well as condensed ring systems containing these units have been synthesised. All products were tested for their antitumor activity against leukaemia in the mouse. Almost all of the approx. 50 di- and triglycidyl compounds showed activity, whereby 5 of them exhibited an increase of lifespan of 200% and more. The most active compound was 1,2,4-triglycidyl-urazol.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Lysogeny and lysogenic conversion in methylotrophic bacteria. II. Lysogenic conversion in facultative methanol-assimilating Acetobacter strains].

The lysogenic state of the methylotrophic strain Acetobacter MB 58/1 is completely demonstrated by curing and lysogenization experiments. During these investigations we found that some phenotypic characteristics are modified by the presence or loss of the prophage MO 1. It could be shown that changes of the serological behaviour, the adsorption of the phages and the sensitivity against oxytetracycline are caused by lysogenic conversion. The phenotypic alterations of the bacterial cells induced by the phage genome are the result of modifications of the lipopolysaccharide structures on the cell surface. In the case of oxytetracycline resistance, interactions between the modified lipopolysaccharide structures and specific transport proteins of the cell membranes must be assumed.

Acetobacter↗
PubMed1983

SV40-induced transformation and T-antigen production is enhanced in normal and repair-deficient human fibroblasts after pretreatment of cells with UV light.

Human fibroblasts irradiated with UV light were infected with simian virus 40 and tested either for transformation or T-antigen production. At UV doses that allowed approximately 5-10% of the irradiated cells to survive, the number of surviving transformed colonies increased. This result was confirmed by testing for T-antigen 96 h post infection by means of indirect immunofluorescence. Since these results were obtained for a normal cell line as well as for two UV excision repair-deficient ones (XP groups A and D), it was concluded that excision repair functions cannot play a decisive role in the events leading to increased transformation and T-antigen production. It is proposed that the relative increase of transformation and T-antigen production is the expression of host functions which are induced by DNA damage threatening cell survival.

Antigens, Viral, Tumor↗
PubMed1983

The early effect of sublethal X-irradiation of phagocytic cells in mouse blood and the influence of cystamine as measured by chemiluminescence.

The metabolic burst accompanying phagocytosis of granulocytes (PMN) leads to the generation of activated oxygen species such as O-2, H2O2, 1O2 and OH; which give rise to chemiluminescence (CL) in the presence of luminol. Reliable CL-measurements of stimulated PMN can be carried out in freshly drawn mouse blood, when photon counts are related to the number of PMN. Effects of low dose total body X-irradiation were studied using C57B1/6 mice. It was found that 24 and 48 hours after irradiation (0.24-0.95 Gy) CL of whole blood was slightly decreased. If however CL-counts were related to the number of PMN, an enhanced CL per single granulocyte was recorded. The administration of cystamine leads to an immune stimulating effect of unirradiated animals. In animals, who received 0.95 Gy a distinct radioprotective effect of cystamine can be observed.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Zymosan-induced chemiluminescence of granulocytes in incubated human whole blood. The role of platelets.

Zymosan-induced chemiluminescence (ZI-CL) of whole blood which is mainly the response of granulocytes can be used as a rapid, simple and reliable diagnostic tool for hematological and allergic disorders. ZI-CL of whole blood remained unchanged when stored at 0 degree C for 4 hr, whereas it increased by incubation at 37 degrees C. This phenomenon points to platelet-granulocyte interaction during the incubation. ZI-CL of freshly prepared suspension of leukocytes and erythrocytes was enhanced by adding platelet rich plasma (PRP) obtained from incubated blood. Enhanced CL response was observed when erythrocytes or factors derived there of were present in incubated blood. Platelet stimulating factor (PSF) was prepared from incubated erythrocyte suspension. This factor also increased ZI-CL of granulocytes when incubated with fresh PRP. The consistent inhibition of CL of incubated blood by apyrase (0.5 U/ml) and the increased response of fresh blood by the addition of ADP (10(-5) M) suggested that this factor might be ADP itself. Platelets stimulated by this factor may respond more markedly to added zymosan for still unexplored reason with enhanced CL.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Interaction of simian virus 40 with human glioma cells.

A human oligo-astrocytoma grade II was successfully grown in tissue culture. Using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an astrocytic marker two main cell types could be differentiated: GFAP-positive astrocytes and GFAP-negative oligodendrocytes. After transformation by SV40 about 90% of the tumor cells expressed SV40 T-antigen as detected by indirect immunofluorescence. The percentage of viral capsid (V-)antigen was much lower; it was only found in oligodendrocytes. Six passages after transformation the oligodendrocytes were eliminated due to lytic viral infection. By double immunofluorescence with anti-GFAP as a cell marker and anti-T as a viral marker the remaining cell type was identified as transformed astrocytes. These data suggest a different susceptibility of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, respectively, to transformation by SV40. While the oligodendrocytes permit the production of infectious virus, the astrocytes are more sensitive to transformation. The evident correlation to human progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy will be discussed.

Antigens, Viral, Tumor↗
PubMed1983

Chemiluminescence measurements of immune cells--a tool in immunobiology and clinical research.

Since the initial observation of chemiluminescence associated with metabolic stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes a multitude of studies have confirmed that chemiluminescence is a) dependent on the generation of activated oxygen species and b) intimately correlated to the paramount function of granulocytes: to kill bacteria and to cause tissue damage at sites of chronic inflammation. Chemiluminescence is not exclusively generated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and certainly not only generated by phagocytic stimuli. Besides phagocytic stimuli, surface active reagents (e.g. phorbol myristate acetate), lectins, antigen-antibody complexes, complement components, and some lymphokines are able to evoke chemiluminescence responses in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. In this contribution we present evidence for a dependence of macrophage chemiluminescence during phagocytosis on the calcium binding protein calmodulin. In a second example of macrophage chemiluminescence we demonstrate that macrophage chemiluminescence is a good tool for testing the mediator function of a lymphokine, namely macrophage cytotoxicity factor. In a clinical application we determined the zymosan-induced and luminol-amplified chemiluminescence in diluted whole blood samples from healthy volunteers to establish the normal range of chemiluminescence activity of phagocytic cells. A significant day time variability of the chemiluminescence activity was observed in 6 volunteers. Therefore, blood sampling for the chemiluminescence measurements was standardized. Compared with the control group the specific chemiluminescence activity (activity related to 10(3) phagocytic cells) was significantly increased in both 1) patients with acute inflammatory disease and 2) in patients with carcinoma. The specific chemiluminescence activity of the two groups of patients did not differ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Drug therapy of chronic venous insufficiency].

The medicamentous therapy of the chronical venous insufficiency is necessarily symptomatic. The first therapeutical step should be the elimination of the edema. Bioflavonoides inhibit the formation of an edema and possibly protect from its sclerosing effects. Saluretics, however, eliminate preexisting obstructive edemas and are no longer indicated afterwards. The effect can be ameliorated by therapeutics improving the microcirculation. Antiphlogistic agents are indicated for inflammatory conditions. Skin protecting substances can be applied to the suppression of edema. Antieczematous therapeutics can be employed according to the current rules of dermatology.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of chemiluminescence in freshly drawn human blood. II. Clinical application of zymosan-induced chemiluminescence.

The aim of the present study was to investigate chemiluminescence (CL) of stimulated peripheral phagocytic cells (PC, i.e. granulocytes and monocytes) in patients with malignant disease at various stages. As a first step the zymosan-induced and luminol-amplified CL was determined in diluted whole blood samples from healthy volunteers. A characteristic daytime dependence of the CL activity was observed in six volunteers which had to be taken into account for blood sampling. The detectable CL was demonstrated to depend on the number of erythrocytes in the assay, but correction for this is not necessary for clinical investigation. The specific CL activity (activity related to 10(3) PC, was significantly but identically increased both in 1) patients with acute inflammatory disease and 2) in patients with carcinoma. The total CL activity (activity/microliter whole blood), however, was significantly increased in patients with acute inflammation as compared to the tumour group. This greatly reflects the leucocytosis of patients with acute inflammation. In a small number of patients with benign and malignant disease the CL of PC was measured both pre- and postoperatively. Operations in benign disease and palliative operations in malignancy did not influence the CL activity. In contrast, CL activity returned to normal after clinical cure by radical tumour resection.

Blood↗
PubMed1982

Cellular response and resistance to the primary infection of rats and mice with Nematospiroides dubius.

LEWIS rats, in contrast to NMRI mice, have been found to be resistant to an oral infection with Nematospiroides dubius (Baylis, 1926). Comparative studies of the peritoneal response to infection showed a strong increase in the cell number predominantly of eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes in rats, whereas in mice only a weak reaction occurred. As shown by the chemiluminescence response to either antibody--or complement-coated larvae, the granulocyte reaction caused an increased production of toxic oxygen species by the peritoneal cells. Purified granulocytes from rats or mice showed about a ten-fold higher oxidant generation than macrophages. The higher metabolic activity of granulocytes of either species resulted in rapid and strong killing of antibody or complement-coated infective larvae by granulocytes of either species, whereas macrophages failed to express a significant larvicidal potency. From these results we concluded that the activated oxygen species derived from the metabolic burst of granulocytes are essential for an effective control of the primary infection with N. dubius. This suggests that the rapid and strong granulocyte response may form the basis of the resistance in rats. Thus, in mice, the ability of N. dubius to prevent the granulocyte response may serve as an escape mechanism of the parasite.

Animals↗