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Biomedical subjects

H Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to H Fischer.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ebselen reduces the formation of LTB4 in human and porcine leukocytes by isomerisation to its 5S, 12R-6-trans-isomer.

Ebselen, a new organoselenium compound with pronounced anti-inflammatory properties, selectively inhibits the formation of leukotriene B4 in human and porcine leukocytes with half-maximal inhibition at 4.0 and 2.7 mumol/1, respectively. The underlying mechanism was found to be a cis-trans-isomerisation of leukotriene B4 to the 5S, 12R-6-trans-isomer. 5-Hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid was also isomerised to the 8-trans-isomer. At higher concentrations, ebselen induces a dose-dependent decrease in the sum of total 5-lipoxygenase products with half-maximal inhibition at 30 mumol/1. Additionally, the effects of ebselen on human platelet 12-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase were investigated. Human platelet 12-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase were inhibited in a dose dependent manner with half-maximal inhibition at 20 mumol/1 and 5 mumol/1, respectively. We suggest that suppression of leukotriene B4-formation by isomerisation to a biologically inactive compound represents a promising approach to the therapy of inflammation.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Identification of prostate-specific antigen in the vaginal secretions of a male pseudohermaphrodite.

Prostatic glycoprotein was detected in the vaginal fluid of a male pseudohermaphrodite with use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following orchiectomy, prostatic glycoprotein concentrations fell from levels greater than 60 to less than 10.0 ng/ml. The decline in prostatic glycoprotein levels postoperatively implies that prostatic glycoprotein expression is controlled by androgens.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Protein C activators in snake venoms.

Venoms of 32 snake species were tested for protein C (PC) activating potency. As measured with the chromogenic PC substrate D-Pro-L-Pro-L-Arg-pNA, eleven venoms were able to generate amidolytic activity from purified bovine PC. In five venom solutions (Bothrops moojeni, B. pradoi, Cerastes cerastes, Vipera lebetina and V. russellii) the PC activating potency was destroyed during 10 min heating at 70 degrees C at pH 3, whereas in six venom solutions (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix, A. c. mokasen, A. c. pictigaster, Agkistrodon piscivorus, A. p. leucostoma and A. bilineatus) the PC activator was stable under these conditions. PC activator from A. c. contortrix (Protac) was purified to homogeneity and characterized as a single chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of approx. 39-42,000 Dalton. Protac does not exert proteinase activity and is not inhibited by proteinase inhibitors; PC activation with Protac seems to be a stoichiometric reaction. The use of Protac in quantitative PC determination bears significant advantages over the use of thrombin as an activator. In rabbits, i.v. injection of Protac caused a prolonged APTT and did not provoke acute toxic reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Leukocyte agglomeration in synovial fluid].

The agglomeration of leucocytes serves as evidence of leucocytic activation. In rheumatoid arthritis it can be used as a very sensitive criterion of activity. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis with joint effusions showed a high agglomeration of leucocytes in 97%, i.e. a clear activation of leucocytes. In 74.3% the number of punctate leucocyte agglomerated increased. Punctates with a proof of a spontaneous agglomeration of leucocytes showed the most intensive inclination to agglomeration also after incubation. By synovial fluid normal but also leucergic granulocytes could be stimulated to increased agglomeration to leucocytes. In the synovial fluid also factors stimulating the agglomeration of leucocytes are found. They probably come from punctate granulocytes and stimulate also the chemotaxis and activation of the blood granulocytes. Since granulocytes essentially participate in the inflammatory reaction of the rheumatoid arthritis and in the joint destruction evoked by it, the therapeutic aspect should be directed also to the inhibition of such leucocyte-activating factors in the synovia.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

Non-disruptive detection of DNA polymerases in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels.

A non-disruptive method is described with which DNA polymerases can be detected in homogeneous preparations and unfractionated cell extracts after electrophoresis in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gels. The technique involves diffusion of DNA polymerase activity into an overlay assay agarose gel, the synthesis of radioactive DNA, removal of excess substrates and autoradiography. Cell extracts from a variety of organisms were studied using this method. The activity from Escherichia coli crude extracts migrated in a position corresponding to a higher molecular mass than did purified preparations of DNA polymerase I. DNA polymerases of higher organisms generally migrated in positions corresponding to 400--900 kDa, in some cases, close to 200 kDA.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Wound ballistics of the Krönlein shot].

The "Krönlein" shot (evisceration of the brain) is a very rare injury of the skull caused by a high-velocity bullet. The requirement for this type of low-range shot wound is a broad opening of the skull with laceration of the dura mater. In the past, several cases of this particular injury have been reported and all led to immediate death.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

SOS-type functions in mammalian cells. Enhanced reactivation of UV-irradiated SV 40 in UV-irradiated CV-1 cells.

The reactivation of UV-irradiated SV 40 was measured in UV-irradiated CV-1 cells as a function of time between irradiation of the cells and infection. To avoid the possible bias of multiplicity reactivation and/or virus propagation, infection was quantitated in terms of V-antigen-positive nuclei at the end of the first lytic cycle. In irradiated cell cultures enhanced reactivation of SV 40 was observed, which indicates induction of DNA repair enzymes. Maximal reactivation was obtained when the time interval between irradiation and infection was 72 h. The UV-inducible DNA repair enzymes might represent elements of an SOS-type response in mammalian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Establishment and characterization of a human glioblastoma cell line with a stable karyotype and nullisomy 13.

A permanent cell line (HeRo) with a stable karyotype (80-84,XXYY) and with defined numerical and structural chromosome aberrations was established from a human glioblastoma, a highly malignant brain tumor. Transformation of these cells with SV40 led to a second permanent cell line (HeRo-SV) with a reduced, but also stable, karyotype (72-74,XXYY). The morphological appearance of the glioblastoma line was similar to the main component of the original tumor tissue. The transformed cells differed from their counterparts in accelerated growth, enhanced growth in soft agar, reduced growth conditions, expression of SV40 T antigen, and altered epitheloid morphology. Both cell lines have been grown in continuous culture for more than 2 years. The stability of both the biologic properties and the karyotypic changes induced by SV40 is quite remarkable. Both lines show a nullisomy 13.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Effects of high-dose and low-dose naloxone on plasma ACTH in patients with ACTH hypersecretion.

The effect of a high (5.4 mg/h) and a low (0.8 mg/h) dose of naloxone (i.v. over a period of 90 min) on ACTH secretion was compared with placebo in patients with Addison's disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome. In seven patients with primary adrenal insufficiency the high dose of naloxone provoked a significant increase of plasma ACTH concentrations (P less than 0.02) whereas the low dose of naloxone failed to influence ACTH secretion. In six patients with ACTH dependent Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome both doses failed to alter plasma ACTH levels. These results support the concept of inhibitory delta- or kappa-opiate receptors in the regulation of ACTH secretion. In patients with Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome ACTH secretion is insensitive to naloxone, presumably because of an autonomous pituitary adenoma or hypothalamic derangement.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Synthetic-fuel plants: potential tumor risks to public health.

This article quantifies potential public health risks from tumor-producing pollutants emitted from two synthetic-fuel plants (direct liquefaction--Exxon Donor Solvent: and indirect liquefaction--Lurgi Fischer-Tropsch) located at a representative site in the eastern United States. In these analyses gaseous and aqueous waste streams were characterized; exposures via inhalation, terrestrial and aquatic food chains, and drinking water supplies were modeled. Analysis suggested that emissions of "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons," "aromatic amines," "neutral N, O, S heterocyclics," "nitriles," and "other trace elements" pose the largest quantifiable risks to public health. Data and analysis for these pollutant categories should be refined to more accurately match compound-specific estimated exposure levels with tumorigenic potency estimates. Before these results are used for regulatory purposes, more detailed analysis for selected pollutant classes are needed, and more sophisticated aquatic exposure models must be developed. Also, differences in geographic scales among the environmental transport models used need to be rectified.

Carcinogens, Environmental↗
PubMed1985

Peptidoglycan cross-linking and teichoic acid attachment in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Autolysin-defective pneumococci continue to synthesize both peptidoglycan and teichoic acid polymers (Fischer and Tomasz, J. Bacteriol. 157:507-513, 1984). Most of these peptidoglycan polymers are released into the surrounding medium, and a smaller portion becomes attached to the preexisting cell wall. We report here studies on the degree of cross-linking, teichoic acid substitution, and chemical composition of these peptidoglycan polymers and compare them with normal cell walls. peptidoglycan chains released from the penicillin-treated pneumococci contained no attached teichoic acids. The released peptidoglycan was hydrolyzed by M1 muramidase; over 90% of this material adsorbed to vancomycin-Sepharose and behaved like disaccharide-peptide monomers during chromatography, indicating that the released peptidoglycan contained un-cross-linked stem peptides, most of which carried the carboxy-terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine. The N-terminal residue of the released peptidoglycan was alanine, with only a minor contribution from lysine. In addition to the usual stem peptide components of pneumococcal cell walls (alanine, lysine, and glutamic acid), chemical analysis revealed the presence of significant amounts of serine, aspartate, and glycine and a high amount of alanine and glutamate as well. We suggest that these latter amino acids and the excess alanine and glutamate are present as interpeptide bridges. Heterogeneity of these was suggested by the observation that digestion of the released peptidoglycan with the pneumococcal murein hydrolase (amidase) produced peptides that were resolved by ion-exchange chromatography into two distinct peaks; the more highly mobile of these was enriched with glycine and aspartate. The peptidoglycan chains that became attached to the preexisting cell wall in the presence of penicillin contained fewer peptide cross-links and proportionally fewer attached teichoic acids than did their normal counterparts. The normal cell wall was heavily cross-linked, and the cross-linked peptides were distributed equally between the teichoic acid-linked and teichoic acid-free fragments.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Leukergy-stimulating factors in polycythemia vera].

In a group of patients with polycythaemia vera (n = 10) a leukocyte activation could be identified in all cases by leukocyte agglomeration (LA). During full remission, LA remained within the normal range in nearly all patients. By means of plasma exchange trials leukocyte activation could be demonstrated to be caused by humoral factors being insensitive to inactivation at 56 degrees C. Factors stimulating leukergy apparently indicate a close relation to the activity of myelopoiesis. Its evidence can be applied as a diagnostic criterion for polycythaemia vera.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Rock in the nose.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

[Psychological and psychosomatic diseases in puberty (therapy analyses and catamnestic results)].

In a retrospective study we analysed the records of inpatient treated adolescents. It was of particular interest to investigate the "treated prevalence" of psychogenic problems in puberty and our therapeutic results. Within the 13-16 years old adolescent group we predominantly found the following disorders: depressive reaction, attempted suicide, but also a variety of psychosomatic disorders in respiratory, cardiovascular and musculo-skeletal system, and patients with anorexia nervosa. The structures and interactional profiles of the families with an adolescent patient are described. In family therapy, cooperation was especially difficult with parents of patients with an attempted-suicide. Despite the chronicity of the disorders in our sample our ratings of treatment results and the results of a follow-up questionnaire returned from the parents showed a good improvement. Out-patient therapy had worse results than in-patient therapy due to a drop-out rate of approximately 25-50%.

Adolescent↗