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Biomedical subjects

H Feldman

Publications and source records attributed to H Feldman.

114 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Drainage after thyroidectomy: a randomized clinical trial.

A randomized clinical trial of surgical drainage in thyroid surgery was performed on 97 patients. Morbidity was not significantly different between both groups. The length of hospital stay was shorter in the undrained group. However, this RCT is not an indication of the value of drainage after thyroid surgery because the series is too small. Using a meta-analysis of the RCTs reported it is possible to show that to drain is not useful.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Education and risk factors for coronary heart disease: results from a New England community.

This article investigates the association of education with the estimated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and the prevalence of CHD risk factors for men and women in a New England community over a period of 10 years. Educational differentials in knowledge of cardiovascular disease prevention, body mass index (BMI), total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and hypertension were examined for 3,765 respondents 25-64 years of age from five surveys of the Pawtucket Heart Health Program. We found a clear negative association between education and composite CHD risk. A stable separation in risk level was maintained across time between the least educated (< 12 years of education) and the other two educational groups (12, > or = 13 years of education) in both men and women. Educational differentials were observed in BMI and total and HDL cholesterol of the women 25-44 years of age. For men and women 25-44 years of age, smoking was negatively associated with education. Hypertension differed by education level among the women 45-64 years of age. These findings are highly comparable with the national data from aggregate vital statistics and the results of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting physical activity change in men and women in two New England communities.

We describe the predictors of change in physical activity in a population-derived sample of residents of two New England communities. In 1986-1987 and again in 1990-1991, we assessed the self-reported physical activity of 1,081 survey respondents using a single question concerning the frequency of exercise-induced sweating. We measured and analyzed sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular disease risk factors, health knowledge and beliefs, social support variables, and exercise performance variables at baseline as potential predictors of physical activity change. We defined physical activity change in subjects as follows: maintainers (12.2%) persisted with > or = 3 times per week of activity, adopters (16.0%) increased activity to > or = 3 times per week, quitters (11.9%) decreased activity to < 3 times per week, and sedentary (59.9%) individuals persisted with < 3 times per week of activity. Using polychotomous multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that short-term success with exercise and weight loss, school children's recommendation of exercise, and work outside the home predicted adoption or maintenance of increased physical activity in women. For men, short-term success with exercise and weight loss and health beliefs regarding the role of exercise in preventing heart attacks and stroke were the major determinants of maintaining or adopting increased physical activity. This identification of the predictors of physical activity change provides the rationale for future sex-specific strategies aimed at increasing regular physical activity and long-term adherence to an active lifestyle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of a nurse extern program.

Externships are meant to bridge the gap between the educational and practice setting for nursing. This project began with discussions of outcomes for nurse extern programs. The Schutzenhofer Nurse Activity Scale and the Meleis Nurse Self-Description Form were used to measure identified outcomes of professional activities and autonomy. Forty-one participants began the study, but 33 completed the pretest and posttest both. Analysis of data showed a positive correlation in Posttest 1 between age and the Meleis Nurse Self-Description Form (NSDF). Dimensions of professional activity changed most in older students. At the end of Phase 2, analysis of data showed significantly greater professional autonomy. However, no significant change in NSDF was seen throughout time. Participants reported increased self confidence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrointestinal tract bleeding associated with naproxen sodium vs ibuprofen.

BACKGROUND: The risk of gastrointestinal tract bleeding requiring hospitalization associated with naproxen sodium was compared with that with ibuprofen, using a prescription database to approximate over-the-counter dosing. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of naproxen sodium. METHODS: A claims database containing Ohio Medicaid data from January 1986 through February 1993 and Michigan Medicaid data from April 1983 through July 1993 was used to compare 101,318 patients dispensed naproxen sodium with 277,601 patients dispensed ibuprofen. Using a case-cohort design, all 59 patients from the full cohort who had been hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding (UGIB) that developed within 14 days after the first prescription for the study drugs were compared with a subcohort made up of a 10% random sample of subjects selected from the combined drug cohorts. RESULTS: The incidence of UGIB occurring within 14 days after the first prescription in the naproxen sodium cohort was 26 (0.026%) of 101,318 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.017%-0.038%), compared with 33 (0.012%) of 277,601 patients (95% CI, 0.008%-0.017%) in the ibuprofen cohort. Overall, the use of naproxen sodium vs ibuprofen was associated with an adjusted relative risk of 2.0 (95% CI, 1.1-3.8). Among people with multiple prescriptions, the crude relative risk for those receiving therapy in a dose typical of over-the-counter use was 4.1 (95% CI, 1.2-13.8). CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of UGIB is low with both drugs. There is little additional absolute risk posed by the use of low-dose naproxen sodium, compared with low-dose ibuprofen, despite an increased relative risk. However, given the widespread use of these drugs, a substantial number of additional cases of UGIB could result from use of naproxen sodium. This increased risk should be considered, especially for patients whose baseline risk of UGIB is elevated.

Adolescent↗