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Biomedical subjects

H Faden

Publications and source records attributed to H Faden.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The in vitro effects of Newcastle disease virus on the metabolic and antibacterial functions of human neutrophils.

Live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was used to investigate the in vitro effects of a viral infection on phagocytosis, chemiluminescence generation, superoxide production, oxygen consumption, NADPH-oxidase activity, and intracellular killing of bacteria by Ficoll-Hypaque separated human neutrophils. Phagocytosis of oil red O particles by NDV-treated PMN was inhibited by 50%. Chemiluminescence by PMN was inhibited 79% after zymosan stimulation and 86% after tetradeconyl phorbol acetate stimulation. Superoxide generation was inhibited by 68%. Oxygen consumption was inhibited in the presence of NDV by 37% after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, while membrane-associated NADPH-enzyme activity was decreased by 19%. The percent of surviving intracellular S. aureus was significantly elevated in NDV-treated PMN after 60 and 120 min of incubation. Purified bacterial neuraminidase markedly suppressed chemiluminescence, while neuraminic acid blocked the effects of the virus. These observations suggest that infections with myxoviruses may suppress a number of vital neutrophil functions. It appears that the effects may be partly mediated by the interaction of viral neuraminidase with the external neutrophil membrane.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Small intestinal epithelial brush border enzymatic changes in suckling mice infected with reovirus type 3.

Suckling mice infected with reovirus type 3 were examined for changes in the epithelial brush border of the small intestine. After 3 days of infection with reovirus type 3, no significant changes were found in intestinal morphology or activity of any enzymes tested. After 6 days, villi were shortened and blunted with lymphangiectatic lesions and mild mononuclear infiltration in the lamina propria. In addition, there was a significant decrease in lactase (P < 0.001) and enterokinase activity (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in the activities of alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, maltase (P < 0.001) and leucine aminopeptidase (P < 0.05) activities in the infected mice were significantly increased. These data suggest that brush border enzymes are affected differently by reovirus infection.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Diagnosis of viral infections by multicomponent mass spectrometric analysis.

Metabolic profiles of urine extracts of humans with viral infections, as well as of media of virus-infected human tissue cultures, have been analyzed by non-fragmenting mass spectrometry and compared with corresponding controls. The spectra were then subjected to several alternative computerized statistical procedures to detect diagnostic biochemical profiles. Controlled longitudinal studies on fully informed, consenting volunteers who received sandfly fever virus demonstrate the onset of a characteristic metabolic pattern that precedes the onset of symptoms and subsides when the patients overcome the infection. Longitudinal studies of human tissue cultures infected with poliomyelitis virus demonstrate characteristic metabolic patterns within a few hours after infection. Non-fragmenting mass spectrometry may thus provide the clinical laboratory with a sensitive, reliable test for viral infections significantly faster than attainable by current techniques.

Bunyaviridae↗
PubMed1979

Gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Emergence in an intensive care nursery.

Gentamicin sulfate--resistant Staphylococcus aureus suddenly appeared in an intensive care nursery in December 1976 and became the dominant Staphylococcus; it accounted for 96% of the isolates by April 1977. All gentamicin-resistant strains were sensitive to amikacin sulfate, but 98% and 49% were resistant to kanamycin sulfate and tobramycin sulfate, respectively. All but one of the gentamicin-resistant strains were sensitive to methicillin sodium. The mechanism of gentamicin resistance appears to be plasmid mediated. Phage typing, used for epidemiologic purposes, also demonstrated that most gentamicin-resistant strains shared susceptibility to phages 29 and 52; however, 13% were completely different, indicating that gentamicin resistance is not solely related to a phage-susceptible factor.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1979

Effect of viruses on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils.

The effects of Newcastle disease, herpes simplex, vaccinia, encephalomyocarditis, vesicular stomatitis and reoviruses on in vitro function of neutrophils were studied in Ficoll-Hypaque-separated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) employing the technique of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Newcastle disease, herpes simplex vaccinia, and reoviruses depressed chemiluminescence by 98, 65, 46, and 29%, respectively, while encephalomyocarditis and vesicular stomatitis viruses had no inhibitory effect. None of the viruses affected phagocytosis or PMN viability. These observations suggest significant alteration of neutrophil function by interaction with several viruses in in vitro settings. It is suggested that similar changes in PMN function may occur during in vivo viral infection.

Encephalomyocarditis virus↗
PubMed1978

Variable effect of encephalomyocarditis virus on host defense mechanisms.

A number of viruses have been shown to suppress a variety of host defense mechanisms. To further define the effect of a viral infection on host resistance, a number of parameters were examined during the course of a lethal encephalomyocarditis virus infection of mice. The peripheral lymphocyte count, the induction of interferon in spleen cells by Newcastle disease virus, and the proportion of B cells in the spleen were all decreased or suppressed. In contrast, the responsiveness of spleen lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin, the delayed-type skin hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene, and the proportion of T cells in the spleen remained normal. These results indicate that a viral infection may have divergent effects on different parameters of host resistance and emphasize the need to examine several functions before drawing conclusions about the effect of viral infections on host defense mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prophylactic antibiotics in pediatric orthopedic surgery: current practices.

A limited survey of 90 orthopedic surgery programs throughout the U.S.A. was conducted to determine the use of prophylactic antibiotics in pediatric orthopedic operations. Prophylaxis was used most often in the Harrington rod procedure (80.7%); less often in hip (64.2%) and knee (44.7%) reconstructive surgery; rarely in meniscus repairs (8.0%) and in lengthening of Achilles tendons (2.3%). Cephalosporins (85%) were the antibiotics prescribed most frequently. The first dose was administered before surgery in 89.6% of the operations. Prophylaxis was discontinued within five days in 96% of the operations. These data provide a pattern of the use of prophylaxis in pediatric orthopedic surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sinus contamination with Pseudomonas paucimobilis: a pseudoepidemic due to contaminated irrigation fluid.

During a five-week period, Pseudomonas paucimobilis was isolated from maxillary sinus irrigation washes of four patients who attended an ear, nose and throat clinic. The saline irrigation solution was found to be contaminated with the same organism. Further investigation demonstrated the organism in a majority of hospital sinks surveyed. Although P. paucimobilis was isolated from clinical specimens, the presence of the organism did not appear to have clinical significance.

Adult↗