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Biomedical subjects

H F Polesky

Publications and source records attributed to H F Polesky.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Safety in transfusion practices. Preventing infectious complications.

The benefits of transfusion therapy must always be weighed against the unavoidable chance of an infectious complication. Strategies to minimize the infectious risks inherent in the use of human blood and blood components can be categorized under four general headings: donor selection, testing, appropriate use, and follow-up and reporting of complications. The application of these strategies in the context of their role in the prevention of some of the infectious complications of transfusion therapy is discussed in this article.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1979

Potential risk of salivary-mediated viral hepatitis type B transmission from oral exposure to fomites.

Twelve grade school and junior high school students had oral exposures to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive saliva via contact with contaminated musical instruments. The 12 exposed students and 18 students who served as age and sex matched controls were tested for the presence of HBsAg and antibody to the hepatitis surface antigen (anti-HBs) at 2 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months after exposure. All students were negative for HBsAg and anti-HBs on all dates tested and reported no illness during that time suggestive of viral hepatitis. There was no evidence of viral hepatitis, type B transmission from the exposure. The students probably experienced the maximum possible oral exposure from direct or fomites contact, since there was no cleaning of the musical instruments between use by the students and teacher. Based on these results, the risk of transmission of viral hepatitis, type B from oral contact with fomites is unlikely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Gm and Km allotypes in disputed parentage.

Immunoglobulin allotyping in 925 cases of disputed paternity provided evidence of exclusion for 70 alleged fathers. Combining results from erythrocytic antigen, enzyme, and serum protein tests, 230 men were proven to be falsely accused; in 15 cases the immunoglobulin allotype provided the only evidence for exclusion, in 67 no exclusion would have been identified if testing had been limited to ABO, Rh, and MNSs. Various cases in this study illustrate the importance of using an extensive battery of immunoglobulin reagents in order maximally to exclude falsely accused men, and to identify infrequent haplotypes, which might erroneously be interpreted as indirect exclusions or may indicate a high likelihood of paternity. The problems of Gm typing of very young children are described. When child is less than 6 months of age, direct exclusions may be missed by the Gm allotypes; indirect exclusions are valid only when the phenotype differs from that of the mother. Km allotypes are not age-dependent.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of fetomaternal hemorrhage detection methods and Rh immune globulin usage.

A 1977 College of American Pathologists survey of hospitals has been analyzed to compare Rh immune globulin usage (RhIgG) with methods used to screen and confirm fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). The survey data show that there is a correlation between the rate of multiple vial usage and the confirmation method used. Laboratories using Fetaldex administered multiple vials of Rh immune globulin significantly more often than laboratories using other acid elution technics. This difference was independent of the screening methods used and was not related to the number of patients tested in laboratories giving fewer than 300 vials of Rh immune globulin per year. The incidence of fetomaternal hemorrhages of greater than 30 ml has been reported to be 0.3% by various groups using Kleihauer procedures to test large numbers of women after delivery. In 61 of 374 laboratories using Fetaldex and 15 of 253 laboratories using Kleihauer-Betke procedure more than ten times the expected number of recipients were given multiple vials.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

The Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey Program of the College of American Pathologists--1977.

The 1977 CAP Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey was sent to 2487 laboratories in the United States and five foreign countries. The results show that ABO and Rh testing has a continued concurrence of greater than 94.8% between participating and referee laboratories, while antibody detection was 95.9% effective on the type problem normally encountered in a transfusion service. Cross match showed a concurrence rate of 97.3% or better. Although these testings are artificial and cannot be directly extrapolated into effectiveness of patient care, they can be compared with each other and show a standard of excellency in the laboratory which is a good or better than that found in previous studies. A series of ungraded specimens and questionnaires shows that most laboratories used a 51 degree C heat elution method for antibody elution, but slightly better results were obtained with the Rubin technic. A second study showed that the grading of a positive direct antiglobulin test was fairly reproducible throughout the country.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1978

Gene frequency estimates for samples of Black and White twins from the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

Maximum likelihood estimates of gene frequencies and their standard errors are presented for 21 blood group and serum protein polymorphisms. The observed frequencies for certain high and low frequency antigens also are reported. The data come from a sample of 399 same-sex twin pairs and two sets of triplets from the Greater Philadelphia urban region encompassing roughly five counties in southeastern Pennsylvania and three counties of southern New Jersey. Analyses are carried out separately for the four subgroups created by subdividing the sample by race and co-twin. Total sample estimates are also calculated within the two socially defined racial groups. The gene frequency estimates generally appear to be consistent with previously reported data for U.S. urban populations. The frequency of the Fy allele in the Duffy system, however, seems to be the highest value thus far published for a white population. The white sample Fy allele very well may be a heterogeneous class in which only a very small fraction is comparable to the Fy allele common in the black sample.

Black People↗
PubMed1978

The Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey Program of the College of American Pathologists, 1976.

The Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey Program for 1976 still shows that the participants are performing well on ABO and Rh typing (accuracy greater than 96.6%), antibody detection (greater than 97.0%), and crossmatching (greater than 97.3%). The only problem with less accuracy than that stated involved a specimen with an extremely weak antibody. Some errors are still due to failure to fill out results. In the 1976 survey, four ungraded problems were included as attempts to study the "state of the art." The problems consisted of an antibody whose titer was to be determined, a mixture of Rh+ and Rh-- cells to be detected, and two multiple-antibody problems. The results obtained in these studies are discussed. Finally, the participants were asked questions about the amount of Rh immune globulin used and the indications for its use, the incidence and types of transfusion reactions seen, and the notations used by laboratories to record results. The answers to these questions are also documented.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of tests for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs).

Participants in the American Association of Blood Banks--College of American Pathologists (AABB-CAP) HBsAg Survey Program primarily use a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for detection of anti-HBs in samples found to be surface antigen-negative. Although this is a new procedure for most laboratories, survey results indicate excellent proficiency.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

The effects of transfusion of frozen-thawed deglycerolized red cells on renal graft survival.

In patients that received transplants of cadaver kidneys, prior transfusion improves the prognosis for graft survival. Patients receiving frozen-thawed red cells have better 1-year survival rates than patients given other forms of red cells. The effect of prior transfusions is minimal in patients that recieved transplants of kidneys from living related donors.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1977

Paternity testing by using erythrocyte enzyme esterase D.

A total of 206 paternity cases were tested for the erythrocyte enzyme esterase D (EsD) along with the 15 genetic marker systems routinely phenotyped. Of 39 observed exclusions of falsely accused males, 5 were exonerated by EsD. Reliability and ease of testing indicates that EsD is a useful exclusion determinant.

Carboxylesterase↗
PubMed1977

The CAP blood bank comprehensive survey program--1975.

The 1975 CAP Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey Program showed that the ABO and Rh typings were again at an excellent level of performance. What few errors still occurred were at least partially explained by a study that showed that many of these errors were directly traceable to clerical mistakes; many, in fact, were due to a complete failure to submit an answer. Antibody detection was very good when the antibody was strong, but lower levels of performance were attained when the antibody was weak. Low performance was also achieved with a cold-reacting anti-I, but here the difficulty was found to be more a lack of agreement on terminology of the antibody rather than a failure to demonstrate it. A study was performed to see whether the participants that were late in sending in the answer sheets had a higher error level than those that were not, but no difference was found. Finally, the preliminary results regarding the accuracies of various methods of antibody screening are presented. Although there was a statistically significant difference in the results obtained with the different methods, the study does not involve enough antibodies at this time to be valid, and therefore it will be continued.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

Results of HBsAg testing of AABB-CAP survey samples.

Participants in the AABB-CAP HBsAg Survey Program and the Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey currently use radioimmunoassay (RIA) as the primary test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In changing from counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP) to RIA, participants have maintained a high degree of proficiency, detecting 99.1% of all reactive samples. Both RIA and reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) show greater sensitivity than the second-generation methods. Proficiency with RPHA has been variable because of the occurrence of false-positive reactions and difficulty in detecting some samples with RIA ratios between 2.1 and 7.0.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1976

A clinical study of anti-NDP in the sera of patients in a large repetitive hemodialysis program.

Anti-NDP has been detected in the sera of 38 of 430 patients on regular hemodialysis at the Regional Kidney Disease Program in Minneapolis. It developed in these patients from 7 to 58 months after commencement of dialysis. Bacterial infection appeared temporally related to the development of anti-NDP in 12 patients. Hemolytic episodes, possibly related to anti-NDP, occurred in 11. Fifty-five percent of the patients never reused dialyzers. The antibody preceded the insertion of a bovine graft in seven. We postulate that anti-NDP is recognizing an antigenic site similar to that recognized by Vicia graminea lectin, and that this site might become immunogenic by alteration of M and N antigens on red blood cell surfaces. Though formaldehyde might be involved in this alteration, dialysis membrane reuse does not seem to be required for the formation of anti-NDP.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The usefulness of serum protein and erythrocyte enzyme polymorphisms in paternity testing.

Pehnotypings of serum proteins and erythrocyte enzyme polymorphisms were used in addition to classic erythrocyte antigens in a study of 281 paternity cases. This group was compared with 877 cases in which only the erythrocyte antigens were tested. In the study group 80 exclusions were found for 52 alleged fathers. The expanded test battery increased the exclusion rate by 62%. In addition to 30 direct exclusions, serum proteins and erythrocyte enzymes corroborated indirect exclusions obtained with erythrocyte antigen tests in eight instances.

Blood Group Antigens↗