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Biomedical subjects

H F Otto

Publications and source records attributed to H F Otto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Histologic regression of breast cancer after primary (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy].

Primary (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy of locally advanced breast carcinomas is performed to locally reduce the tumour mass and to improve the operability. Recently, the indication for primary chemotherapy has been extended for preoperative treatment in breast conserving surgery. In an ongoing clinical trial we examined the resection specimens of 51 mammary carcinomas after primary chemotherapy. These patients had received a neoadjuvant therapy with epirubicin/cyclophosphamide for size reduction of large (> 3 cm) but operable tumours (pretreatment median tumour size 4.5 cm by mammography). The tumour response was evaluated pathologically and compared with the clinical tumour regression that was observed in over two-thirds of all cases. We classified the regressive changes using a semiquantitative scoring system from 0 to 4 (0 = no effect, 1 = resorption and tumour sclerosis, 2 = minimal residual invasive tumour [< 0.5 cm], 3 = residual noninvasive tumour only, 4 = no tumour detectable). The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of operability objectively and to correlate the histology of the primary tumour with the response to treatment. With invasive lobular carcinomas, the tumour size after therapy was reduced less than average and irrespective of the amount of histological tumour cell reduction, largely due to the stromal content of these neoplasms. Invasive ductal carcinomas with extensive or predominant intraductal component also underwent only a slight decrease in tumour size; this was because of the lack of tumour response with the intraductal component. Well differentiated tubular carcinomas were particularly resistant to primary chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cancer and dysplasia in ulcerative colitis: a histologic study of 301 surgical specimen.

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk to develop colorectal cancer, and epithelial dysplasia is its common precursor lesion. Herein, we present the first study on the relationship of dysplasia and cancer in UC which is based on a systematic histologic screening policy applied to a series of surgical specimen obtained from 301 patients. Cancer was found in 20 patients (prevalence: 7%), and dysplasia without cancer was found in additional 12 patients (prevalence: 4%). All 32 UC patients with cancer or dysplasia without cancer featured at least one high-risk factor for cancer in UC. The median age of UC-cancer patients was 45 years, while the median age of UC-dysplasia patients was 38 years. In all UC-cancer patients evaluable but one (94%), cancer was associated with low- or high-grade dysplasia at the cancer margin. In addition, 71% of UC-cancer patients evaluable had dysplasia at multiple sites. As a consequence, multiple cancers were found in 6 of 20 patients (30%). All multiple cancers occurred in the younger patients, none in the older (p < 0.05). In patients without cancer, however, dysplasia was limited to one site in the colon or rectum in the majority of cases (55%). Dysplasia occurred at any site along the colon and rectum, including the anal transition zone, but no consistent pattern of dysplasia sites was found. No dysplasia was found in the rectum of 35% of patients with UC-cancer, and in 45% of patients with dysplasia without cancer, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenomatous Polyps↗
PubMed1993

Late-onset 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency with virilization induced by a large ovarian cyst.

A midpubertal girl presented with secondary amenorrhea and a rapidly progressive deepening of her voice as the only signs of virilization. Diagnostic work-up yielded an extremely elevated plasma testosterone (289 ng/dl), low estradiol (29 pg/ml) levels and a large solitary cyst of the right ovary, which was totally removed. Pathohistology was in keeping with a granulosa cyst with mild luteinization. Normalization of testosterone (to 27.3 ng/dl) and estradiol (to 62 pg/ml) and resumption of regular menses after 2 months clearly indicated an autonomous function of the cyst. A malignant tumor was unequivocally excluded. Basal and ACTH stimulated levels of adrenal androgens pointed to a late-onset 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, which per se is known to induce polycystic ovarian changes, but to date has never been described to be accompanied with a large and autonomous follicular cyst.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1993

[Adenoid cystic cancer of the breast. Case report and meta-analysis of the literature].

Adenoid-cystic carcinoma of the breast is considered a rare entity with a comparatively favourable prognosis. We report the case of a 58 year old woman and review another 150 cases published to date in the pertinent literature. The clinical course and outcome of 99 patients was evaluated by meta-analysis. Recurrence-free ten-year survival was calculated at 85.1 percent following mastectomy and at 45.7 percent after breast-conserving therapy (p < 0.05). Six of ten local recurrences and 7 of 8 distant metastases occurred 5 years or later after initial treatment. It is concluded that patients with adenoid-cystic carcinoma of the breast should be treated by primary mastectomy and extended follow-up is recommended.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1993

[Crohn disease: morphologic findings of extra-intestinal disease manifestations].

Extraintestinal manifestations occur frequently in patients with Crohn's disease. The spectrum of extraintestinal symptoms reported associated with Crohn's disease involves many organ systems. Commonly recognized extraintestinal manifestations include dermatologic, oral, ocular, skeletal, vascular, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and pulmonary. Morphological findings on extraintestinal manifestations (erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythrodermia--granulomatous periostitis and synovitis--granulomatous sialadenitis, aphthous stomatitis--fibrous alveolitis) in Crohn's disease are reported and discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Venular endothelium binding molecules CD44 and LECAM-1 in normal and malignant B-cell populations. A comparative study.

Lymphocytes leave the blood via post-capillary venules by binding initially to their specialized endothelium. CD44 is a 80-90 kDa hyaluronate-binding glycoprotein involved in binding to endothelium of high endothelial venules (HEV). LECAM-1 is a 75-85 kDa glycoprotein with lectin activity interacting with human peripheral lymph node vascular addressin (PNAd) on HEV. This immunohistochemical study shows that CD44 and LECAM-1 are essentially coordinately expressed on B-lymphocytes. The mode and level of CD44/LECAM-1 expression dissect the peripheral B-cell development into stages that are closely linked to morphologically defined B-cell compartments. Although statistically correlated in B-cell leukaemias (p < 0.0009) and extranodal B-cell lymphomas (p < 0.003), expression of both molecules was less stringently coordinated in 127 B-cell neoplasms examined. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, hairy cell leukaemia and mantle zone lymphoma were CD44/LECAM-1 positive, thus corresponding to their reactive counterparts. Correspondingly, follicular centre cell-derived lymphomas were devoid of both markers. Conversely, CD44 and LEC-AM-1 were infrequently detectable in extranodal malignant B-cell neoplasms, irrespective of their maturational state. Presence versus absence of CD44 and LECAM-1, alone or together, determined neither the leukaemic versus aleukaemic state nor the nodal versus extranodal tumour-forming phenotype of a B-cell tumour.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1992

[Nomenclature-inherent problems in oncology exemplified with primary thymogenic tumors].

Controversy about thymic organogenesis and its complex ontogenesis and functions, have led to several contradictory classifications of primary thymic tumors. Apart from the mesenchymal tumors such as thymolipomas there are four cell types which may represent the cellular origins of primary neoplastic lesions of the thymus: Thymocytes (T-lymphoblastic lymphoma), thymic B-lymphocytes (thymic lymphoma of the B-cell type), epithelial cells (thymomas, thymic carcinomas), and neuroendocrine cells (carcinoid tumors of the thymus).

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1991

Influence of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens on survival in colorectal carcinoma.

HLA-A,B,C and HLA-D molecules present antigenic peptides to the antigen-specific receptor of autologous T-lymphocytes. T-cell-mediated host-versus-tumor response might therefore depend on the presence of these molecules on tumor cells, although the absence of HLA-A,B,C determinants on a cell has been shown to increase its susceptibility to lysis by natural killer cells. To investigate whether the presence or absence of HLA-A,B,C and/or HLA-DR in colorectal carcinoma influences relapse rate and time of tumor-related death, 152 patients who underwent putatively curative surgical treatment were surveyed for a maximum of 65 months (mean, 48 months). As determined by immunohistochemistry, aberrant reduction or loss of HLA-A,B,C/beta 2-microglobulin molecules was more frequent in tumors of the proximal colon than of the rectosigmoid (P = 0.032) and in mucinous carcinomas than in nonmucinous ones (P = 0.022). An abnormal induction of the HLA-D-associated invariant chain (Ii) was more frequent in Dukes' A and B than in stage C (P = 0.046). Reduction/loss of HLA-A,B,C/beta 2-microglobulin was correlated with the absence of HLA-DR (P = 0.024) and Ii (P = 0.005). In contrast to the prognostic role of tumor stage and grade, the presence versus the absence of HLA-A,B,C/beta 2-microglobulin and HLA-DR/Ii molecules was not correlated with recurrence rate or survival. We conclude that in spite of an increasing amount of experimental data suggesting the contrary, the status of HLA-A,B,C and HLA-DR expression in colorectal carcinoma seems to be irrelevant in vivo, regarding survival and growth of residual tumor cells after putatively curative resection of the initial tumor burden.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Prevention of bleomycin-induced fibrosing alveolitis with indomethacin: stereological studies on rat lungs.

The prevention of the pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin (BLM) has been investigated in experimental models where pulmonary damage was induced with one intra-tracheal dose of BLM. The present investigation was carried out as a pre-clinical study in which BLM was administered systemically. The non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (INDO) was chosen as a possible candidate for pulmonary protection. Twenty female Wistar rats were treated daily with 4 mg/kg (7.3 units) BLM intra-peritoneally for 50 days and 20 rats with BLM and with 1 mg/kg INDO subcutaneously for 62 days. There were 20 animals as controls. Histological examination revealed fibrosing alveolitis in the BLM-treated group which was markedly suppressed in the combination group. Quantitative morphological (stereological) parameters demonstrate that BLM induced alveolar wall thickening (+45%), pulmonary fibrosis (+110%), and an increase of alveolar wall nuclei and of intra-alveolar macrophages (volume densities +43% and +133%, P less than 0.001). In contrast, after combination with INDO significant differences to the control group could not be detected except for a slight increase of intra-alveolar macrophages (+62%). Thus, INDO is a highly efficient agent in the prevention of BLM-induced pulmonary damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Proliferative activity of neuroendocrine tumours of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system: DNA flow cytometric and immunohistological investigations.

The proliferative activity of 16 tumour specimens from 13 patients with neuroendocrine tumours of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system was studied by DNA flow cytometry and immunohistology for the nuclear Ki67 proliferation antigen. Equivalent results were obtained with both methods, which showed the proliferative activity of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours to be heterogeneous. In four malignant small intestinal carcinoids and one extravisceral carcinoid localised in the retroperitoneum the percentage (index) of proliferating tumour cells as measured by DNA flow cytometry ranged from 2.9 to 36.2% corresponding to low, moderate, or high proliferative activity. In four malignant pancreatic endocrine tumours and their metastases indices ranged from 8.7 to 18.3%, corresponding to low, moderate, or high proliferative activity. In four benign pancreatic endocrine tumours indices ranged from 4.3 to 7.7%, all corresponding to low proliferative activity. This heterogeneity of proliferative activity may in part explain the heterogeneous results reported of chemotherapy treatment. As chemotherapy of tumours is largely affected by favourable cell cycling kinetics, individual diagnostic investigations of the proliferative activity of these neuroendocrine tumours may be of value for identifying patients suitable for this treatment.

Adult↗