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Biomedical subjects

H F Chiu

Publications and source records attributed to H F Chiu.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The pharmacological and pathological studies on Taiwan folk medicine (VII): The anti-inflammatory effect of Echinops grjiisii.

The hepatotoxic-protective effects of "San-fang-feng" (the root of E. grijisii) and "Lou-lu" (the root of E. latifolius) on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity have been proposed in our previous paper (Lin et al, 1990). The anti-inflammatory effects of these two crude drugs were investigated in this experiment. The results indicated that both of them displayed pronounced anti-inflammatory activities against carrageenan-induced edema. Furthermore, in order to isolated the main active components of E. grijisii, fractions obtained from the methanolic extract of E. grijisii were investigated in mice for their 24-h LD50 and 95% confidence limits, which could be used as a guiding for further animal experiments. Our findings demonstrated that n-hexane (100,300 mg/kg), chloroform (30,100, 300 mg/kg) and ethyl acetate (30,100, 300 mg/kg) fractions could markedly inhibit the carrageenan-induced inflammation, and the main active principle was found to be concentrated in the chloroform fraction, which possessed significant inhibitory activities even more than does indomethacin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The pharmacological and pathological studies on Taiwan folk medicine (VIII): The anti-inflammatory and liver protective effects of "mu-mien".

The bark, xylem of stem, and root of (1) Bombax malabarica DC. and (2) Ceiba pentandra GAERTN. are marked as "Mu-mien" in Taiwan. In order to clarify the pharmacological effects of these three parts, anti-inflammatory and liver protective effect were evaluated with carrageenan-induced paw edema and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The statistical analysis (ANOVA) shows that all of the treatment used exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced edema. Furthermore, the administration of root and xylem of stem of B. malabarica showed the activity even better than indomethacin group did. However, only three used parts of B. malabarica significantly alleviated liver injury induced by CCl4. Meanwhile, the histological changes in rat hepatic tissues such as fatty change, ballooning degeneration, cell necrosis, lymphocytes and Kupffer cells were also observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacological and pathological studies on hepatic protective crude drugs from Taiwan (V): The effects of Bombax malabarica and Scutellaria rivularis.

Bombax malabarica DC and Scutellaria rivularis B. were extracted in boiling water and concentrated into 1g/ml solution to investigate their hepatoprotective effect. Carbon tertrachloride (CCL4) was injected into rat subcutaneously with a dose of 3.0 ml/kg to induce experimental acute hepatotoxicity in the animal. The activities of serum glumtamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were measured after 72 hours of CCL4 administration. The hepatopathological changes of the liver tissue were observed simultaneously with liver enzyme activities determination. The pharmacological effect of B. malabarica and S. rivularis of Taiwan was compared with that of the Bupleurum chinense from mainland China. B malabarica (p < 0.001), S. rivularis (p < 0.001) and B. chinense (p < 0.05) all demonstrated a significant reduction in the CCL4-induced SGOT and SGPT. Pathological studies of these three drugs extracts demonstrated a marked hepato-protective effects on CCL4-induced liver fatty degeneration and cell necrosis.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1991

Misdiagnosis of respiratory dyskinesia.

Respiratory dyskinesia consists of involuntary movements of the respiratory musculature and manifests as irregular respiratory rate, tachypnoea and grunting. It is probably an underrecognized condition and hence is easily misdiagnosed. Two patients with respiratory dyskinesia are reported. One patient was misdiagnosed as suffering from generalized anxiety disorder and the second as having chronic obstructive airway disease. Features useful for clinical differentiation are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The pharmacological and pathological studies on Taiwan folk medicine (VI): The effects of Elephantopus scaber subsp. oblanceolata, E. mollis and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus.

The liver protective effect of Elephantopus scaber subsp. oblanceolata, E. mollis and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus on CCL4 induced hepatotoxicity has been determined by liver enzyme functional test and pathological studies. As the result indicated, the acute increase of serum transaminase (SGOT and SGPT level which was caused by CCL4 administration (3.0ml/kg, s.c.) can be significantly reduced when treating with E. scaber subsp. oblanceolata (p less than 0.001), E. mollis (p less than 0.01), P. spicatus (p less than 0.01). The hepatic fatty metamorphosis and necrosis of central lobule were obviously improved by treating with E. scaber subsp. oblanceolata and E. mollis, while treated with P. spicatus demonstrated only a moderate protective effect. All pharmacological and pathological effects of these three crude drugs were compared with Bupleurum chinense which has been reported previously as a treatment criteria.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1991

Obstructive sleep apnea presenting with nocturnal angina, heart failure, and near-miss sudden death.

An obese woman with a one-year history of episodic nocturnal chest pain was admitted because of shock and pulmonary edema. A clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock was made. She was ventilated and successfully resuscitated. Subsequent investigations showed no evidence of cardiac dysfunction or coronary disease, but sleep study confirmed the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We suggest that the nocturnal angina and heart failure in this patient might have resulted from extreme hypoxemia produced by OSAS. This case raised the possibility that the high cardiovascular mortality rate reported in OSAS might not necessarily relate to underlying coronary artery disease. Further investigations are required to delineate the true incidence of coronary disease in patients with OSAS.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Acne as a risk factor for anorexia nervosa in Chinese.

Acne is a highly visible and common skin disorder which is potentially disfiguring and associated with adverse emotional responses in adolescents, who are markedly sensitive to body image changes. Two psychologically vulnerable Chinese girls are reported, in whom traditional health concepts reinforced dieting behaviour, led to weight loss, regression of acne and eventually anorexia nervosa. The intricate interactions of acne, health beliefs, dieting behaviour and eating disorders are discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Tardive dystonia and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.

Tardive dystonia is a late side effect of long term neuroleptic treatment. A Chinese woman with tardive dystonia in the form of retrocollis for ten years showed radiological evidence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in the cervical spine. This association has not been previously reported in the literature. It is postulated that the retrocollis led to an abnormal stress of the cervical spine where excessive bone formation occurred. Hence tardive dystonia may act as a risk factor for DISH in patients who have an ossifying diathesis.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1990

Effect of interleukin 3 on the differentiation and histamine content of cultured bone marrow mast cells.

Mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells were isolated from mouse femur bone and cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented medium with 20 units/ml of the purified T-cell lymphokine, interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-3 was uniquely able to induce the proliferation and differentiation of mature mast cells in vitro. The sparse granulation of the bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) can be seen by day 5, progressing to definable mast cells by day 7, the mast cells appear morphologically mature and comprise a 96% pure population after 14 days of the culture. The monocytes macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils disappeared by day 9. After 4 weeks of tissue culture, mast cells are fully mature and completely granulated at 98% cell purity. The BMMC are mononuclear, oval or round in shape and appear smaller than rat peritoneal mast cells. BMMC are stable over 3-5 months in conditioned medium. The homogeneous mast cell population possesses membrane receptors and mediators, such as histamine in their metachromatic granules. The histamine content of BMMC in culture between 2 to 4 weeks rose from 1.43 to 1.82 pg/cell. Moreover, the percentage of histamine release caused by 0.1 microM and 1.0 microM ionophore A23187 was 15% and 35%, respectively. By contrast, the histamine releasing activity of 0.01% and 0.001% compound 48/80 were 12 +/- 2% and 59 +/- 7% respectively. The granular density, histamine content and histamine release activity of BMMC are different from that of peritoneal mast cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The pharmacological and pathological studies on Taiwan folk medicine (III): The effects of bupleurum kaoi and cultivated bupleurum falcatum var. komarowi.

The protective effects of water extract from roots of Bupleurum kaoi Liu, Chao et Chuang and Bupleurum flacatum L. var. Komarowi Koso-Polj on CCl4-induced hepatoxicity have been investigated. Both B. kaoi (p less than 0.05) and B. falcatum var. komarowi (p less than 0.01) possessed more marked anti-hepatotoxic pharmacological effects than Bupleurum chinense DC., the typical strain widely used in Taiwan. The pathological improvement from treatment by means of the three drugs to alleviate CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity was estimated using morphological changes of hepatocytes, reduction of inflammatory cells infiltration and liver function tests.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

The pharmacological and pathological studies on Taiwan folk medicine (IV): The effects of echinops grijisii and e. Latifolius.

The protective effect of "San-fang-feng" derived from the root of Echinops grijsii Hance on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity has been studied. This crude drug was found to possess a marked hepatoprotective effect. A comparison of the protective effect with "Lou-lu" derived from the root of E. latifolius Tausch and "Pei-chai-hu" original Bupleurum chinense showed that E. grijisii and E. latifolius were more effective than B. chinense as reported previously. The results suggested that both E. grijisii and E. latifolius could correct the hepatocyte necrosis and functional disorder induced by the CCl4 treatment.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

Narcolepsy in a young Chinese child.

Narcolepsy is characterized by narcoleptic sleep attacks, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. It is very rare in children. A 7-year old Chinese boy presenting with typical narcoleptic symptoms is reported. Diagnosis of narcolepsy usually relies on the clinical picture, the presence of sleep-onset REM periods on nocturnal polysomnograph and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test. The strong association with HLA-DR2 may help in diagnosis, especially in children.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Sleep apnoea syndrome--a study of 5 cases.

Sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) is common in the West but its prevalence is uncertain in Southeast Asia. Five Chinese patients seen in a Sleep Assessment Unit in Hong Kong are presented to illustrate the spectrum of clinical features and treatment methods involved in obstructive and central sleep apnoea. The first patient is a 45-year old woman with severe obstructive SAS and cardiopulmonary complications who improved significantly after tracheostomy. The second patient is a 43-year old man who improved with weight reduction and protriptyline. The third is a 42-year old man whose SAS did not improve with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty but with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The fourth is a 12-year old girl with obstructive SAS who improved significantly after tonsillectomy. The last patient is a 52-year old man with central SAS who improved with CPAP.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Edema formation and degranulation of mast cells by a basic phospholipase A2 purified from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus snake venom.

The basic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) purified from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus snake venom was injected into the subplantar in order to induce edema formation in the rat hind paw. The maximum edema induced by PLA2 was induced at 1-2 hr after injection, and the per cent swelling curve showed a dose-dependent increase by PLA2 injection (2.5-10.0 micrograms). The rate of edema formation is different from the acute swelling induced by T. mucrosquamatus venom (TMV). Pretreatment with dexamethasone (4 mg/kg, s.c.), indomethacin (10 mg/kg, per 05) and diphenhydramine (100 mg/kg s.c.) inhibited the edema induced by the purified phospholipase A2. The injection of purified PLA2 or venom into rabbit skin resulted in an increase in vascular permeability which could be decreased by pretreatment with three antiinflammatory drugs. However, the pharmacological effect of dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) demonstrated a more effective inhibition than the other drugs in the PLA2-induced edema and vascular permeability change. Injection (i.p.) of PLA2 caused marked degranulation of mast cells in the rat mesentery which was facilitated by addition of calcium ion (10 mM) but antagonized by pretreating with three antiinflammatory agents. After incubating peritoneal mast cells with PLA2 (1.0 micrograms/ml), the release of histamine from the mast cell was approximately 36%, this effect was inhibited by preincubating the mast cell with three antiinflammatory agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The hypoglycemic effect of the crude drug prescription resources from Taiwan on experimental diabetic-mellitus (II)--the antihyperglycemic effect of tang-niao-tung no. 2 and no. 3.

The water extracts of crude drugs of Taiwan Tang-Niao-Tung (T.N.T.) No. 2 and No. 3 were administered to normal and diabetic rats for investigating the antihyperglycemic effect of these two prescriptions. It was found that the blood glucose level in normal rats was temporarily increased after T.N.T. No. 2 and No. 3 administration; this may be caused by the starch content of the drugs component. In contrast, the diabetic rats have shown a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) of blood glucose in 2, 4, 6 hours after T.N.T. No. 2 and No. 3 have been given. The blood glucose percentage at 6 hours was 78.1% of T.N.T. No. 2 and 79.2% of T.N.T. No. 3 as compared to the original level. The hypoglycemic effect of T.N.T. No. 2 and No. 3 on alloxan-induced diabetic rats have suggested that action mechanism might not mediate through the release of insulin or positive feedback of glucose to insulin, neither acted on insulin receptor. It might be possible by the indirect promoting of enzyme activity. However, the pharmacological effect of some drugs could elucidate the hypoglycemic action of these prescriptions. Temporary promotion of blood glucose in normal rats will decline to normal level by 12 hours after T.N.T. No. 2 and No. 3 administration. The pharmacological effect of these herb prescriptions for diabetic rats is valuable for further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The pharmacological and pathological studies on several hepatic protective crude drugs from Taiwan (II).

Four crude drug extracts of Solanum incanum (entire plant), Ixeris chinensis (entire plant), Gardenia jasminoides (wild and cultivated, fructus) were administered to rats as dose of 1.0 g/kg, I.P. injection to screen the liver protective effect on CC14 induced hepatotoxicity. The acute increase of transaminase SGOT and SGPT levels that was caused by CC14 (1.0 ml/kg) S.C. injection can be significantly improved when treated with Solanum incanum (p less than 0.005), Ixeris chinensis (p less than 0.001), Gardenia jasminoides (cultivated) (p less than 0.005) but only a moderate change was shown by means of wild Gardenia jasminoides (p less than 0.05). As our results indicated, the extraction of these drugs has been found to possess a marked hepatic protective effect. The hepatic fatty metamorphosis and necrosis of central lobule were obviously improved by S. incanum and I. chinensis, administration, while the effect of treatment with G. jasminoides (cultivated) demonstrated a moderate protective action and little histopathological change by G. jasminoides (wild). In contrast to B. chinese, which has been reported previously as a treatment criteria, the S. incanum (p less than 0.01) and I. chinensis (p less than 0.01) in the present study have indicated that a significantly different hepatic protective effect on CC14 induced hepatic injury.

Animals↗