Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Ewing.
An Australian hospital revamped its induction arrangements for new interns (the equivalent of pre-registration house officers in the UK) in response to negative comments about the traditional programme. The programme was rebuilt to meet their challenge--the result being both more practical and more enjoyable. The three major components of the new programme were skills stations, intern shadowing and a treasure hunt.
We reviewed the clinical course of 5,042 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) using balloons or new devices: (stent, laser, directional and rotational atherectomy). A vascular complication was defined as the formation of a groin hematoma, bleeding, pseudoaneurysm, fistula, or the need for surgical repair. Vascular complications occurred in 309 (6.1%) patients, and 117 (2.3%) required vascular repair; among these patients, surgery was performed for correction of an an arteriovenous fistula in 12%, repair of pseudoaneurysm in 72%, repair for expanding hematoma and femoral artery lacerations in 10%, and retroperitoneal bleeding in 6%. The correlates of vascular complications were older age (66.8 vs 62.1 years; p < 0.0001), female gender (43% vs 26%; p < 0.0001), increased weight (82.1 +/- 16.46 vs 78.0 +/- 16.6 kg; p < 0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (140 +/- 25 vs 134 +/- 20 mm Hg; p < 0.001), increased heparin dose during the procedure (14,352 +/- 3,879 vs 13,599 +/- 3,508 IU; p = 0.001), administration of heparin after the procedure (232 vs 2,985 patients; p < 0.0001) and intracoronary stenting (14.9% vs 3.5%; p < 0.0001). Fifteen patients of 214 (7.0%) who underwent stent implantation had surgical repair. Vascular complications were not related to the size of the arterial sheath (8.11 +/- 0.8 vs 8.8 +/- 0.7Fr; p = 0.11) and the use of devices other than stents (laser, atherectomy) did not increase the rate of vascular complications.
A survey of Victorian surgeons performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out. This report discusses the bile duct injuries identified in the survey. Twelve injuries were recorded, a rate of 0.2%. Three of the 12 required formal repair, the other 9 being treated by T-tube alone. Possible mechanisms of these injuries, the experience of the surgeon, the role of operative cholangiography and delays in recognition of the injury are discussed.
The management of 27 patients who presented with cholangiocarcinoma of the hepatic confluence over the past 20 years is reviewed, and the dramatic changes, both in accuracy of diagnosis and modes of treatment, are documented. All 27 presented with jaundice, three underwent laparotomy only, four had a T-tube inserted, one had a straight transhepatic tube inserted, seven U-tubes were placed and four patients underwent surgical resection. More recently, seven patients were drained percutaneously and a further patient was treated by an endoscopic stent. There were six postoperative deaths. Of the 24 who received active treatment, the mean survival was 8 months with a range of 0-40 months. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of diagnosis and treatment are discussed. The possible role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are reviewed briefly.
This communication reports three consecutive cases of subphrenic biliary collections, resulting from biliary procedures. All were successfully treated percutaneously using a 16 French Ring-McLean sump drainage catheter without the need for secondary surgical intervention. Although percutaneous drainage of fluid collections is now commonplace, this is the first reported use of this drainage catheter for subphrenic biliary collections.
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BACKGROUND: An ageing population will increase the need for resources to treat patients with a fractured neck of femur (DRG 210/211). Provision of these resources will be helped by a better understanding of current practices. METHODS: A prospective study of outcome at discharge for 100 consecutive patients with DRG 210/211 was conducted at five Victorian metropolitan teaching hospitals to assess length of stay and the reasons for any variations. RESULTS: The major influences on timing of discharge were: delayed availability of rehabilitation beds; the timing of referral and assessment by the Geriatric Assessment Team; delay in surgery more than 24 h after admission; and development of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: The efficient management of patients with DRG 210/211 requires a strong protocol of treatment and referral strategies with adequate resources.