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Biomedical subjects

H Ernst

Publications and source records attributed to H Ernst.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Experiences with intraoperative radiotherapy in gastric carcinoma (Berlin method)].

The aim of our pilot study is to determine whether intraoperative radiotherapy in gastric cancer cannot only prevent a local relapse but also improve the survival rate. Since November 1987, 26 patients with resectable gastric cancer were irradiated intraoperatively with the linear accelerator using fast electrons (single dose: 12 to 16 Gy). Percutaneous radiotherapy was performed postoperatively with 24 to 38 Gy (4 x 2 Gy per week). For intraoperative and percutaneous radiotherapy the target absorbed dose was selected in a way that their combined effect on the tumor was approximately equivalent to that of a total dose of 60 Gy in the usual fractionating. Up to now, the median survival time for stage III patients (UICC 1987) has been twelve months. In five patients who died of a relapse or of peritoneal carcinosis, histologic evaluation revealed in every case a diffuse tumor type according to Lauren-classification. All relapses occurred within the first eight months. The two-year survival rate according to Kaplan-Meier is 67% for stage III. Advanced resectable gastric cancer of the intestinal tumor type seems to profit from adjuvant intraoperative radiotherapy. The results warrant further research within the framework of a prospective randomized multicenter study.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Comparative carcinogenicity of cigarette mainstream and sidestream smoke condensates on the mouse skin.

The direct carcinogenic effects of sidestream (SS) and mainstream (MS) smoke condensates of a filtered commercial brand of blond cigarettes were compared using a lifetime mouse skin tumorigenicity assay on female NMRI mice. Each cigarette was smoked by a smoking machine under the standard conditions, and the separately collected SS and MS smoke condensates were extracted with acetone/methanol as described elsewhere. These were tested for carcinogenicity on an area of 1-1.5 cm shaved skin of mice on the lower back. The mice were treated with half of each dose (5, 10 or 15 mg) twice a week, for only 3 months. No substance was used as promoter or as an additional initiator of carcinogenicity. No statistically significant difference was found when the life spans of MS-treated and untreated animals were compared. In contrast, the life spans of SS-treated mice were significantly (P less than 0.01) shorter than those of MS-treated animals or those of all three negative control groups together. The observed carcinogenic effects were based on tumours and lesions found only on the site of application of the test material. Of 210 mice (effective number, 129) serving as the negative controls, 3 developed skin lesions but no tumours. Of 210 MS-treated mice (effective number, 177), 7 developed tumours (4 malignant and 3 benign) and 35 had a uniform type of precancerous skin lesions. The numbers of tumours or lesions were not increased dose-dependently. Of 210 SS-treated animals (effective number, 182), 30 developed tumours (16 malignant and 14 benign) and 56 had a uniform type of precancerous skin lesion. The initiation of these latter lesions was found to be dose-dependent (P less than 0.001). The SS-treated animals developed two to six times more skin tumours than the MS-treated mice. Comparing the negative controls with the MS- or SS-treated animals, the overall carcinogenic effect observed was statistically significant. Comparing the MS- with SS-treated animals, the overall carcinogenic effect of SS was much higher than that of MS (P less than 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Histological types of laryngotracheal tumors induced in Syrian golden hamsters by nitrosomorpholine and nitrosopiperidine.

The chronic oral administration of nitrosomorpholine (NM) and nitrosopiperidine (NP) to 360 adult Syrian golden hamsters of both sexes resulted in the induction of a high incidence of laryngo-tracheal tumors, which in the group treated with 0.01% solution of NM affected up to 80% of the males. A total of 232 different laryngo-tracheal tumors were found. 36 of these were located within the supraglottic and glottic larynx, 62 were within the subglottic and glottic larynx, and 134 arose within the trachea. Among the laryngeal supraglottic and glottic tumors there were 18 squamous cell carcinomas, 16 squamous cell papillomas and only 2 mixed cell mucoepidermoid papillomas. All the subglottic laryngeal tumors and tracheal tumors were mixed cell mucoepidermoid papillomas. In this study, the squamous cell carcinomas observed within the larynx of hamsters bear morphological and biological similarities to their tumor counterpart found in the larynx of adult man. The laryngeal squamous papillomas observed in this experiment are not similar to the squamous papillomas occurring in man during infancy and childhood. The mixed cell mucoepidermoid papillomas of the hamster trachea and subglottis are a peculiar neoplasm of this species, which morphologically and biologically differs from the cases of tracheal papillomatosis described in man, as well as from the mucoepidermoid tumors of major and minor salivary gland origin also seen in this latter species.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Combined regional chemotherapy and radiotherapy of liver metastases].

In an attempt to treat patients with non-resectable liver metastases more effectively, hepatic arterial chemotherapy (12 g 5-FU in 3 weeks) was combined with simultaneous whole liver irradiation (8 Gy every week, total dose of 24 Gy). 54 of the 64 patients receiving this treatment had liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. The objective response rate, judged by CAT scan, was nearly 60%. The median survival of responders was 18 months in contrast to 8 months for nonresponders. There have been 5 lethal complications, 3 of which were related to the combined modality. For safer and better results a more exact selection is needed.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1990

The relation of amyloidosis to social stress induced by crowding in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).

The aim of the presented study was the investigation of a probable influence of social stress on spontaneous amyloidosis. As stress-inducing parameter crowding of the animals was used. 220 Syrian hamsters were kept individually (controls) or with 3, 5, 7 animals per cage. The crowded animals showed a significant decrease in mean survival time. This was linked to a histopathological examined significant increase in the extent and incidence of amyloidosis in several organs of both male and female hamsters. The kidneys and adrenals were most affected. Chronic inflammation as one probable amyloidosis-inducing factor, was not related to the observed morphological alterations. Furthermore the increase of amyloidosis was statistically not connected with an age-dependent development of amyloidosis. Amyloidosis in Syrian hamsters may be not a mere phenomenon of aging and age-related decline of the immune system but rather the results of a complex set of variables, including factors of social environment and social interactions that continuously put stress on the hamsters.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1990

[The value of fractionated afterloading therapy in the treatment of inoperable malignant brain tumor].

Since 1985, inoperable brain tumors, astrocytoma III or glioblastoma multiforme, have been treated by means of fractionated afterloading therapy combines with subsequent percutaneous irradiation. A screw that was specifically designed, allowed us to fix a precious metal tube to the skull cap for about eight days making possible the application of a marginal tumor dose of 30 Gy at a daily fractionation of 2 X 2 Gy using the iridium-afterloading-technique. Percutaneous saturation with another 30-40 Gy followed. Supported by radiobiological considerations, fractionation also appears to have a favorable influence on the perifocal edema formation in the brachytherapy of malignant brain tumors. After an observation period of four years probabilities of survival amounting to six months and twelve months can be calculated (according to Kaplan-Meier) for 68% and 27% of the total collective, respectively (n = 38). The survival rate for patients without pretreatment (n = 16) was 81% and 41% after six and twelve months respectively.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1990

[The evaluation of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)].

The diagnostic value of 123-I-MIBG (meta-iodobenzylguanidine) scintigraphy was investigated in six patients with recurrence and/or metastatic spread of a medullary thyroid carcinoma. In no case was there MIBG storage in tumor tissue. Thus, our results show that MIBG scintigraphy is not suitable as a screening method either in the primary diagnostics or the follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma. If, however, inoperable metastases have been detected by other diagnostic methods, MIBG scintigraphy is indicated in order to test a potential therapeutic application in these patients. In the imaging diagnostics and follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma, the examination with 99mTc(V)-DMSA (technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinate) is markedly superior to MIBG scintigraphy. High-resolution cervical sonography is of major importance in the hands of an experienced examiner.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1989

Influence of esophagojejunostomy on the induction of adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus in Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous injection of 2,6-dimethylnitrosomorpholine.

To study the influence of reflux esophagitis on the carcinogenic response of 2,6-dimethylnitrosomorpholine (2,6-DMNM), an experiment was designed, composed of 6 groups of 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, each consisting of 20 males and 20 females. Group 1 served as untreated controls. All animals of groups 2, 4, and 6 underwent an esophagojejunostomy with gastric preservation to produce a chronic reflux esophagitis. 2,6-DMNM was injected s.c. once weekly for life at doses of 1/100 and 1/10 of the 50% lethal dose to groups 3 and 4 and groups 5 and 6, respectively. Carcinogen exposure began in groups 4 and 6 15 days after the esophagojejunostomy. Squamous cell carcinomas were observed in the esophagus of 36 animals, mainly in those receiving the higher dose. Exophytic squamous cell carcinomas, a variety rarely seen in humans, were mostly seen in the groups receiving 2,6-DMNM alone, whereas endophytic squamous cell carcinomas, the variety most frequently seen in humans, mainly developed in the groups receiving the combined treatment. In addition adenocarcinomas with abundant mucin production were found in the distal esophagus of 23 animals. They were found exclusively in animals of groups 4 and 6 which underwent esophagojejunostomy plus 2,6-DMNM exposure. No adenocarcinomas were encountered in groups without experimental reflux esophagitis. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the association between reflux esophagitis and the various histological types of esophageal carcinoma in humans.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Investigation on the carcinogenic effects of various cadmium compounds after inhalation exposure in hamsters and mice.

The inhalation of cadmium chloride aerosols induced lung carcinomas in rats (3). Subsequently, CdCl2 was classified as probably carcinogenic in humans (2). Thus the Cd compounds CdCl2, CdSO4, CdS and CdO were investigated for their carcinogenic potencies in the lungs of hamsters and mice. The same experiment was conducted by GLASER et al. with rats (1).

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

The mouse-skin carcinogenicity of a mutagenic fraction from beech wood dusts.

A life-time mouse-skin carcinogenicity assay was conducted using female NMRI mice to evaluate the possible direct carcinogenic activity of a mutagenic fraction isolated from beech wood dusts. The samples of untreated beech wood dusts were extracted with methanol at pH3 and were purified from the inhibitory compounds toxic to bacteria, using silica-gel column chromatography. The fraction obtained after passing through the column was tested for mutagenicity in the Ames assay employing Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the presence of Aroclor-treated rat-liver-S9. Using acetone as the vehicle, this mutagenic fraction was tested for carcinogenicity on an area of 1-1.5 cm shaved skin of mice on the lower back. The mice were treated with half of each dose, twice a week, for only 3 months. The total doses applied per week were 2.5, 5, 7.5 or 10 g equivalent dust/mouse. No substance was used as promoter. No statistically significant difference was found when the life spans of treated and untreated animals were compared. The observed carcinogenic effect was based on tumours and lesions found only on the site of application of the test material. Of 210 mice (effective number, 129) serving as the negative controls, three developed skin lesions but no tumours. Of 280 treated animals (effective number, 188) 34 developed different types of tumours and 20 had a uniform type of precancerous skin lesion. Of 34 tumours observed 21 were originated from the skin, 12 from the mammary glands beneath the site of application, and one was a lymphoma. Comparing the negative controls with the treated animals, the overall carcinogenic effect observed was dose-dependent and statistically significant. Excluding the mammary tumours and a lymphoma found beneath the site of treatment, the overall induction of skin tumours was still significant. However, the dose-dependent increase in the number of skin tumours alone was not statistically significant. These results suggest that beech wood dust contains mutagenic and carcinogenic constituent(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Ameloblastic odontoma in a Sprague-Dawley rat].

A spontaneously arising ameloblastic odontoma of the mandible is reported in in a 2-years old female Sprague-Dawley-rat. The morphological characteristics of the tumor are described as well as discussed in consideration of its histogenesis and differential diagnoses.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Possible role of genetic predisposition in multigeneration carcinogenesis.

A peculiar phenomenon in experimental transplacental carcinogenesis is that in certain animal species or strains, and with certain types of carcinogens, a tumorigenic risk is observed not only in the F1 generation but also in subsequent F2 and even F3 generations when only the P generation has been exposed to a carcinogen. Additionally, in many cases, specific types of organs tend to be involved. For example, lung tumours are most common in P, F1 and F2 generations of Swiss, ICR, MA and CD-1 mice after exposure of the pregnant P generation to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), urethane, DMBA and diethylstilboestrol, respectively. In such mice, the mammary glands, lymphatic tissues and ovaries are also frequently involved. Recently, two-stage tumorigenesis in skin with a phorbol acetate as promoter was transmitted to F2 descendants born of F1 SHR mice exposed transplacentally to DMBA. In WKA, BD IV and BD VI rats, nervous tissues seem to be prone to tumour development in F2 and/or F3 descendants born of F1 exposed transplacentally to N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), respectively. In F344 strain rats, however, two-stage genesis of preneoplastic foci in the liver with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) as the promoter failed to be transmitted to F2 and F3 generations from the F1 generation, which developed the preneoplastic hepatocellular foci after prenatal exposure to ENU followed by postnatal promotion by 2-AAF. Our own recent experiments with Syrian hamsters, in which multigeneration transmission of organ-specific (tracheal epithelium) tumorigenicity of N-nitrosodiethylamine was investigated, have also failed to show this phenomenon in F2 and F3 descendants. However, various field studies on pedigrees with frequently affected siblings indicate the existence of a heritable predisposition to tumour development over more than two generations. The organs involved include ovaries, mammary glands, stomach, lympho- and myelogenic systems, skin and nervous system. Interestingly, little or no such evidence has been found in the liver, respiratory tract (except for the nasopharyngeal region) or urinary tract. In the light of these experimental and human observations, the authors are currently inclined to hypothesize a heritable predisposition to tumour development in organs specific to animal species and strains, or certain families in human cases, for explaining the mechanisms underlying multigeneration transmission of chemical carcinogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Spontaneous tumours of the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus L.).

The incidence and spectrum of spontaneously occurring neoplasms was evaluated in 285 European hamsters (strain Mhh:EPH) ranging in age between 1 and 5 years. The mean lifespan of the 107 male and 135 female hamsters examined amounted to 122 and 135 weeks, respectively. The overall incidence of tumour-bearing animals was 51.2% (males: 57.9%, females: 47.2%). Malignant tumours were more frequent than benign neoplasms and affected more males than females. Neoplasms of the haematopoietic/lymphoreticular system were the most common tumours (males: 16.8%, females: 13.5%). In males, these were followed in a decreasing order of incidence by pheochromocytomas (15.9%), malignant schwannomas (8.4%) and tumours of the prostate (6.5%). In females, pheochromocytomas as well as granulosa cell tumours were the second commonest tumour types (6.2% each), followed by malignant schwannomas (5.1%). Other tumours did not exceed the 5% incidence level. Two unusual rare tumours were a locally invasive cementoblastoma arising in the maxilla and a carcinosarcoma of the skin with components of a squamous cell carcinoma and a neurofibrosarcoma. The results of the study are compared with data on the Syrian and Chinese hamster.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Development and family environment in compulsive neurotic children and adolescents: a retrospective and comparative study].

In a retrospective study the patient histories of 113 children and adolescents who received outpatient (89 cases) or inpatient (24 cases) treatment from 1973 to 1984 in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Tübingen with the diagnosis "compulsive neurosis" were examined in terms of the criteria personality development, family structure, frequency of certain forms and contents of compulsory behavior, significance and symbolism of the compulsive behavior within the family dynamics. In addition, a comparison was made with the other patients (n = 8,774) receiving child and adolescent psychiatric treatment during this period. The ratio of boys to girls was 7.3. The average age was 13.8 years in the boys and 12.6 years in the girls. The youngest patient was four years old. Compulsive washing was the predominant compulsive behavior in all age groups. Compulsive fears were most frequently manifested in fears about the mother, followed by poisoning and hypochondriac fears. Compulsive impulses were only found from prepuberty. In the girls they were always directed to killing the mother. The analysis of personality development revealed that there were indications of special features in the anal phase in only three cases. On the other hand, special events of pathoplastic significance were found in half of the patients. In about 33%, anancastic characteristics were present in the parents (eight parents were manifestly subject to compulsive neurosis). Conflict avoidance and ambitious demands on the children concerned were typical in the families. In contrast to the reference population, the compulsively neurotic children and adolescents were of average intelligence, frequently attended higher schools and belonged to a higher social class.

Adolescent↗