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Biomedical subjects

H Enomoto

Publications and source records attributed to H Enomoto.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase and postprandial hyperglycemia by N-substituted moranoline derivatives.

The inhibitory activity of N-substituted derivatives of moranoline (1-deoxynojirimycin) against intestinal alpha-glucosidase and postprandial hyperglycemia was evaluated. None of the N-substituted derivatives studied displayed more potent inhibition of sucrase or maltase from rabbit intestines than the parent compound moranoline. However, unlike the in vitro results, many compounds exhibited more potent hypoglycemic activities than moranoline in sucrose-, or starch-loaded rat models. Alkenyl or aralkenyl derivatives displayed more potent hypoglycemic activities than alkyl or aralkyl derivatives. There was a weak correlation between in vitro and in vivo assay systems found by statistical analysis. It is necessary to evaluate compounds in vivo in order to select the most potent hypoglycemic compound.

1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
PubMed1987

Moyamoya disease presenting as intracerebral hemorrhage during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature.

Intracranial hemorrhage during pregnancy is rare. The authors present a case of moyamoya disease associated with pregnancy. A 32-year-old woman who was at 32 weeks of gestation experienced sudden severe headache followed by loss of consciousness. Computed tomography revealed an intracerebral hematoma in the left temporal lobe, and left carotid angiograms revealed moyamoya disease. The patient underwent emergency craniotomy, the hematoma was removed, and encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis was performed. The patient showed good recovery and, 2 months later, delivered a child vaginally without any trouble. Most intracranial hemorrhages during pregnancy result from cerebral aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and few cases due to moyamoya disease have been reported. It is generally believed that subarachnoid hemorrhage due to cerebral aneurysms is likely to occur during the middle trimester of gestation, with the risk increasing progressively toward the third trimester. This may be explained by the fact that the cardiac output increases rather acutely from the first to the middle trimester. There seems to be no significant correlation between the stage of pregnancy and the occurrence of hemorrhage due to AVM. Most authors think that the operative indications for intracranial hemorrhage during pregnancy should be the same as for the nonpregnant state.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1987

[Protective effect of dicloguamine maleate (MN-1695) on HCl-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats--histologic studies].

Effect of MN-1695, a new cytoprotective antiulcer agent, on 0.2 N HCl-induced gastric surface epithelial cell damage was investigated by optical and transmission electron microscopy in rats. Tissue examination after five minutes exposure to 0.2 N HCl showed extensive damage of the surface epithelial cells: dilatation of intercellular spaces including marked edema of lamina propria. It was found that MN-1695 (3 mg/kg) pretreatment prevented such 0.2 N HCl-induced damage of the surface epithelial cells, and it reduced the percentage of damaged mucosa, but not significantly.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Self-disclosure patterns of college students and their gender-differences in the patterns].

Self-disclosure patterns of adolescents were examined. Subjects (105 male and 159 female college students) were requested to complete the questionnaire on self-disclosure of 11 different aspects of self to four target-persons (father, mother, the best friend of same sex, the best friend of opposite sex). The following results were found. Both male and female showed the highest self-disclosure to the best friend of same sex, while the lowest to father. But sex differences were found in regard to both overall extent and pattern of self-disclosure. Female disclosed significantly more than male, especially to mother. Although male put the focus of self-disclosure on only the best friend of same sex, female put it on both the best friend of same sex and mother. Moreover, the subjects tend to vary the extent of self-disclosure with respect to the category to which each item about the self belonged. There was the interaction among sex, target-persons, and aspects of self.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Stereospecific effects of d- and l-pentazocine on contractions of the mouse vas deferens.

The effects of the d- and l-isomers of pentazocine were compared to that of racemic pentazocine on contractions of the mouse isolated vas deferens. L-pentazocine inhibited electrically evoked contractions of the mouse vas deferens (MVD) in a dose-dependent manner (ID50 0.37 +/- 0.04 microM). In contrast, d-pentazocine augmented field stimulated contractions dose-dependently; per cent increases in contractions at 10 and 30 microM were 57.8 +/- 18.0 and 98.0 +/- 15.1%, respectively. Racemic pentazocine produced an intermediate effect between the two isomers. The effect of 1-pentazocine was antagonized by naloxone, whereas that of d-pentazocine was not. L-pentazocine did not effect the response of the MVD to exogenous norepinephrine at any concentration tested, while d-pentazocine depressed the response of the MVD to exogenous norepinephrine at one dose (0.3 microM). These findings demonstrate that d- and l-pentazocine produce opposite effects on the MVD. The effects of l-pentazocine are opioid mediated, while those of d-pentazocine are not. In the racemic mixture the opposing effects of the two isomers modulate each other, resulting in a diminished effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A double antibody radioimmunoassay for human alpha 1-microglobulin.

Using purified alpha 1-microglobulin from urine and specific rabbit antiserum, a double antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed. The assay is sensitive to 3 ng/ml and covers a working range from 25-800 ng/ml. The recovery rates on the average were 91.8% in serum and 97.7% in urine. The coefficients of intra-assay variation ranged from 3.6-4.5% and those of inter-assay variation from 4.0-8.8%. Correlations in serum and urine between the present assay and single radial immunodiffusion (r = 0.972; r = 0.978) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (r = 0.935; r = 0.971) were satisfactory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

OF4949, new inhibitors of aminopeptidase B. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and characterization.

New aminopeptidase B inhibitors that we named OF4949-I, II, III and IV were isolated from the culture broth of a fungus, Penicillium rugulosum OF4949. The molecular formula of I was C23H26N4O8 and that of II, C22H24O8, judging from elemental analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The concentrations of I, II, III and IV required for 50% inhibition of aminopeptidase, using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells as the source of the enzyme, were 0.0054, 0.0048, 3.4 and 1.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. Components I and II augmented delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice to sheep red blood cells.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1986

OF4949, new inhibitors of aminopeptidase B. II. Elucidation of structure.

The structures of OF4949-I, II, III and IV were identified by analysis of the products of their chemical degradation and by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. These compounds were new cyclic peptides containing diphenyl ether as a chromophore. OF4949-I had two amino acids, beta-hydroxy-L-asparagine and 4-methylisodityrosine. The structural differences between I and II and between III and IV lay solely in the diphenyl ether moiety; the phenolic hydroxyl group in II and IV was methylated in I and III. OF4949-III and IV contained L-asparagine instead of the beta-hydroxy-L-asparagine moiety of I and II.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1986

[Anti-tumor activity of human recombinant TNF against human malignant glioma cell lines and combined effect with Hu INF-beta].

Human TNF was detected fairly recently and at present the anti-tumor activity of human recombinant TNF is being examined against various malignant tumors of human origin. In the present study, we report the anti-tumor activity of recombinant human TNF against human malignant glioma cell lines in vitro and in vivo, in addition to its combined effects with HuIFN-beta. The in vitro study was conducted as follows. Thirteen human glioma cell lines were exposed to 100 U/ml TNF, 1,000 IU/ml HuIFN-beta, or both, and the suppression rate was calculated on days 3, 5 and 7. In the in vivo study, nude mice carrying a human glioma cell line, KMS II, in the subcutaneous tissues were divided into groups and drugs were administered intratumorally as described below. 1) control, 2) TNF 5,000 U single administration, 3) TNF 5,000 U, intermittently administered (once/week for two weeks), 4) TNF 5,000 U, continuously administered (3/week for two weeks), 5) HuIFN-beta 50 X 10(4) IU (3/week for two weeks), and 6) combination of 4) with 5). Results of the in vitro study revealed some suppressive effects on proliferation of tumor cells on day 7 in all 13 glioma cell lines examined with 100 U/ml TNF. And also, especially in 8 of 13 cell lines, the suppression rate was more than 30%. The suppressive effects of TNF were augmented by combined use of HuIFN-beta in all cell lines, giving a range of suppression of 67.8 to 99.3%. The in vivo study revealed that the mean tumor weight ratios (control = 100%) on day 19 (the end of the experiment) were as follows; single administration of TNF: 41.3%, intermittent: 46.7%, continuous: 26.7%, HuIFN-beta: 65.9%, combination: 18.5%. Statistical analysis disclosed significant suppressive effects on tumor proliferation between the control group and 3 TNF-administered groups (single, intermittent, and continuous) and that suppression in the continuously administered group was more severe in comparison with the group given single administration. Moreover, it was suggested that combination therapy with TNF and Hu IFN-beta was more effective than a single therapy with TNF only or HuIFN-beta only. From the results described above, it was found that human recombinant TNF had some cytotoxic effects against human malignant gliomas in vitro and in vivo, although the degree of cytotoxicity was not always higher in comparison with the effects of TNF.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Combination therapy with IFN-beta, ACNU and radiation (IAR) in malignant brain tumors].

In order to analyze the efficacy of combination therapy with Hu-IFN-beta, ACNU and radiation (IAR), nine patients with malignant glioma were treated as a control study. They received 100 X 10(4) IU Hu-IFN-beta daily for seven days intravenously or intratumorally, 3 mg/kg ACNU on day 2 and 5,000-6,000 rads of radiation from day 3. Four out of nine patients showed complete response and one partial response with this IAR therapy. Case 1 was a 64-year-old man who had glioblastoma in the left frontal lobe. Postoperative residual tumors disappeared completely with this therapy. Case 3 was a 8-year-old girl who had an enhanced high-density lesion in the medulla oblongata and pons. After IAR therapy, the high-density lesion was completely vanished and her clinical manifestations of multiple cranial nerve palsy and pyramidal sign were improved remarkably. The major side effects of IAR therapy were mild or moderate myelosuppression, and some patients also showed hepatic dysfunction, mild fever and gastrointestinal toxicities. However, all these side effects were mild and transient and soon recovered to normal levels. These results suggest that IAR therapy is effective and will prolong the survival time of patients with malignant glioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[A ruptured cerebral aneurysm of the fronto-orbital artery and a coexisting anastomosis with the anterior ethmoidal artery--a case report].

The authors present a case with a ruptured saccular aneurysm of the left fronto-orbital artery and the coexisting anastomosis with the left anterior ethmoidal artery, accompanied by subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hematoma in the left frontal lobe. A 44-year-old male, whose past history had been uneventful, was admitted complaining severe headache and vomiting, followed by confusion. CT examinations revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hematoma in the left frontal lobe. Left carotid angiograms disclosed a saccular aneurysm described above. Emergency operation in a state of grade 3 according to Hunt and Kosnik revealed a saccular aneurysm and its parent artery which was thought to be proximally a left fronto-orbital artery and distally a left anterior ethmoidal artery, which was seen to penetrate the anterior cranial fossa at the lamina cribrosa. Then the aneurysm was excised following clipping of the neck. Thereafter, the patient showed favorable recovery. The histological examination revealed absence of the media and the internal elastic lamina in the wall of the aneurysm with slight infiltration of round cells. Generally speaking, distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms, which arise on branches beyond the anterior communicating artery, occupy 2-5% of all cerebral aneurysms, and most of them are found at the branching site of the pericallosal artery. As far as the authors know, there was few or no report referring to the aneurysm arising on the fronto-orbital artery, as shown in this case. Also, as for the aneurysm arising on the anterior ethmoidal artery, there are a few reports.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗