Cord blood atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations--lack of influence of labour stress.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
Biomedical subjects
H Ekblad
Publications and source records attributed to H Ekblad.
Water, sodium and acid-base balance in premature infants: therapeutical aspects.
One of the main targets of fluid therapy in premature infants is to avoid variations in osmolality, which mainly means providing a stable sodium, glucose, and acid-base balance. Water, sodium, and acid-base balance were measured in 20 infants appropriate-for-gestational age with a gestational age less than or equal to 34 weeks. The infants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Fluid intake was restricted and air humidity in the incubator was high in order to minimize insensible water loss. Sodium intake in Group 1 was 2 mmol/kg/day and consisted of sodium chloride. Sodium intake in Group 2 was 4 mmol/kg/day and consisted of both sodium chloride and acetate. Weight loss was appropriate in both groups. In the high sodium intake group there was a tendency towards a more stable plasma sodium concentration than in the low sodium intake group. The use of sodium acetate was efficient and practical as normal acid-base balance was maintained. The protocol with restricted fluid intake (1st day 50 ml/kg, 2nd day 70 ml/kg, 3rd day 90 ml/kg, and 4th day 110 ml/kg), high air humidity, a sodium supply of 3 to 4 mmol/kg/day, and a slow correction of metabolic acidosis with sodium acetate, yields suitable guidelines in planning fluid and electrolyte therapy in premature infants less than or equal to 34 weeks' gestation.
Body Weight↗
Stable glucose balance in premature infants with fluid restriction and early enteral feeding.
Hyperglycemia readily develops during intravenous glucose administration in premature infants. In this study glucose homeostasis was measured in 24 infants appropriate-for-gestational age with a gestational age between 27 and 34 weeks and a birthweight between 1,150 and 2,610 g. The infants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Fluid intake consisted of intravenous infusion of 5% glucose in Group 1 and 10% glucose in Group 2, and increasing amounts of human milk from the first day of life. The infants were treated in incubators with high air humidity in order to minimize insensible water loss and total fluid intake was restricted. The fluid restriction and early enteral feeding decreased the total amount of glucose given parenterally and thereby the risk of hyperglycemia. Glucose homeostasis was efficiently maintained in both groups and under the conditions described hydration by intravenous infusion of 5% and 10% glucose appear equally well tolerated.
Enteral Nutrition↗
Postnatal changes in colloid osmotic pressure in premature infants: in healthy infants, in infants with respiratory distress syndrome, and in infants born to mothers with premature rupture of membranes.
Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of blood plasma during the first 4 days of life was measured in 63 neonates: 16 healthy preterm infants, 36 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and 11 infants born to mothers with premature rupture of membranes. The relation between COP and total protein content of blood was significant in all groups over times from 1-3 h to 96 h. COP rose significantly by the age of 3 h compared to COP of umbilical cord plasma in all groups investigated. Infants with RDS showed a significant increase in COP during the investigation period. In healthy preterm infants the increase was less significant. In infants with RDS there was a negative correlation between changes in COP and body weight not seen in the other groups investigated. COP in neonates seems to reflect the compartmentation between vascular and interstitial spaces. Measurement of COP could be clinically useful in assessing hemodynamic adaptation after birth and also in assessing edema formation and water balance in infants with RDS.
Birth Weight↗
C reactive protein in the evaluation of febrile illness.
We studied prospectively 154 febrile children to determine the diagnostic value of the quantitative serum C reactive protein concentrations (CRP). Children with acute otitis media, acute tonsillitis, or treated with antibiotics during the two previous weeks and infants less than 2 months of age were excluded. Ninety seven children were from private paediatric practice and 57 were patients who had been admitted to hospital. The comparison group consisted of 75 children with confirmed bacterial infections whose CRP values were recorded retrospectively. In the study group 35 (23%) children had a confirmed viral infection, 92 (59%) had a probable viral infection as judged from the clinical picture and outcome of the illness, and 27 (18%) had a bacterial or probable bacterial infection. When the duration of the disease was more than 12 hours and the CRP value less than 20 mg/l, all children had a confirmed or probable viral infection. Nine children (one from the study group and eight from the comparison group) were found to have a septic infection and a CRP value of 20 mg/l or less. In all these cases, however, the duration of the symptoms was less than 12 hours. In addition CRP less than or equal to 20 mg/l was found in five (14%) children with urinary tract infection in the comparison group. CRP values of 20-40 mg/l were recorded in children with both viral and bacterial infections. A CRP value greater than or equal to 40 mg/l detected 79% of bacterial infections with 90% specificity. Our data show that determination of serum CRP concentrations is a valuable tool in evaluating children who have been ill for more than 12 hours.
Adolescent↗
Slow sodium acetate infusion in the correction of metabolic acidosis in premature infants.
The treatment of metabolic acidosis is one of many problems encountered in the premature infant during the first days of life. In this study, 11 infants with gestational ages of no more than 34 weeks were given sodium acetate as a continuous infusion from the first day of life. The daily sodium supply was set at 3 mEq/kg. The arterial serum pH was less than 7.30 in infants at the following ages: 1 to 3 hours, four; 24 hours, two; 48 hours, one; and 72 hours, one. The base deficit was calculated to be less than 5 in four infants at the age of 1 to 3 hours, in one infant at 24 hours, in one infant at 48 hours, and in no infants at 72 hours. The serum sodium concentrations were normal. The continuous infusion of sodium acetate seems to be suitable for the slow correction of metabolic acidosis, and the daily sodium supply of 3 mEq/kg gives a stable serum sodium concentration in the premature infant with a gestational age of no more than 34 weeks.
Acetates↗
The monitoring of serum chloramphenicol levels in children with severe infections.
Serum chloramphenicol levels were evaluated in 52 children with severe infection treated intravenously with chloramphenicol succinate and orally with chloramphenicol palmitate, chloramphenicol monostearoylglycolate or chloramphenicol in capsules. Effective serum levels were recorded with all chloramphenicol preparations. The variability was largest with chloramphenicol monostearoylglycolate. In a case of neonatal Escherichia coli meningitis good serum levels of chloramphenicol were achieved with chloramphenicol palmitate orally, supporting the view that oral chloramphenicol palmitate can be used to treat serious infections in this age group. Our data and those in the literature show that monitoring of serum chloramphenicol levels in neonates is necessary. After the neonatal period monitoring of serum chloramphenicol levels is useful in avoiding too high concentrations. On the other hand, toxic effects of high concentrations can be recognized from reticulocyte and haemoglobin, neutrophil and platelet counts, which should be performed every three to four days.
Adolescent↗
Colloid osmotic pressure of umbilical cord plasma in healthy and sick newborn infants.
Colloid osmotic pressure of umbilical cord plasma was measured in 242 healthy infants, in 34 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), in 18 infants with asphyxia, in 13 infants who were small for gestational age, in 15 infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus, and in 18 infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension. In healthy infants, colloid osmotic pressure correlated highly significantly with umbilical cord blood total protein level, gestational age, and birth weight. In infants with RDS, no correlation between colloid osmotic pressure and gestational age or birth weight was found. Infants with RDS and gestational age between 36 and 38 weeks had significantly lower colloid osmotic pressure than healthy infants, whereas colloid osmotic pressure of infants with RDS and gestational age between 32 and 35 weeks did not differ from that of healthy infants of corresponding gestational age. Healthy term infants delivered by cesarean section had significantly lower colloid osmotic pressure than infants delivered vaginally. Infants with asphyxia had significantly higher colloid osmotic pressure than healthy infants. Colloid osmotic pressure is related to the lung maturity of the near-term and term neonate. Infants with a colloid osmotic pressure greater than 16 mm Hg are unlikely to develop RDS.
Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
Gastric aspirate L/S ratio and umbilical cord blood total protein as predictors in RDS.
Gastric aspirate L/S ratio and cord blood protein concentration were measured in 150 newborn infants, 33 of whom developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). 46.6% of the infants with low gastric aspirate L/S value (less than or equal to 3) and 33.3% of the infants with serum protein of less than or equal to 46 g/l developed RDS. The sensitivity of both parameters was 81.8%. Combination of these two methods yielded a higher predictive value (62.2%) but decreased the sensitivity (69.7%). The patterns of phospholipids reflect lung maturity, but also serum protein levels indicating overall maturity and the osmotic powers of microcirculation may be of diagnostic value in featuring developing RDS.
Blood Proteins↗