[An important source of error in Rh(D) typing].
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Albumins↗
Biomedical subjects
H E Heier
Publications and source records attributed to H E Heier.
IgA response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in individuals splenectomized because of trauma.
The IgA pneumococcal antibody responses to each of the pneumococcal serotypes in a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and the total serum IgA concentration, have been examined in 21 individuals splenectomized because of trauma and in 10 control individuals. Both groups of individuals showed significant IgA antibody responses to most of the serotypes, but the splenectomized individuals tended to have somewhat lower IgA pneumococcal antibody levels than did the control individuals. This difference may possibly be related to age differences between the groups. Our results therefore seem compatible with the hypothesis that the serum IgA antipneumococcal antibody response is not affected by splenectomy.
Adolescent↗
Plasma CEA in large bowel carcinoma: which patients should be followed by regular postoperative measurements? Preliminary follow-up results in 100 patients with different tumor DNA-ploidy patterns.
In 100 patients with large bowel carcinomas, the tumors were divided into a distinctly aneuploid (AN) group (63) and a near diploid (ND) group (37) by flow cytometric (FCM) DNA quantitation of cell suspensions. Preoperative plasma CEA levels were determined in all patients. Thirty-eight patients with AN and 28 patients with ND tumors were operated on for cure and had normal plasma CEA levels postoperatively. These two groups had regular CEA plasma measurements as part of the clinical follow-up. In the AN group, 12 of 15 patients have had recurrence preceded by CEA elevation. In the ND group, however, only one of eight recurrences was preceded by a rise in CEA level; the one with elevation also had increased plasma CEA prior to operation. It thus seems that a low CEA output of ND tumors explains many of the "false-negative" CEA measurements in disseminated cases. It is concluded that, in addition to patients with an elevated preoperative plasma CEA level, all patients with aneuploid tumors should be subjected to repeated plasma CEA measurements as part of the follow-up program.
Adult↗
Comparison of two CEA assays in primary and recurrent large bowel carcinoma with different DNA ploidy pattern.
Pre-operative CEA levels were measured in 100 patients with large bowel carcinomas with different DNA ploidy pattern and serial post-operative determinations performed in the 64 who had been operated for cure. The follow-up period was 3 1/2-8 yr. All CEA measurements were performed consecutively with a RIA (Roche), and subsequently repeated in one batch with an EIA (Roche) based on a monoclonal antibody. Both assays showed a similar number of 'false-negative' CEA levels pre-operatively--varying from 69% in aneuploid (AN) Dukes' A to 8% in AN Dukes' D tumours, and from 75% in near diploid (ND) Dukes' A to 40% in ND Dukes' D tumours. The sensitivity for detecting recurrence in patients with tumours of either ploidy pattern was slightly better with EIA than with RIA. A difference between the AN and ND group was shown somewhat better with RIA, the sensitivity in the AN group being 79% and the median lead time 7 months compared to 13% and 2 months in the ND group. The corresponding figures with EIA were 71% and 7 months for the AN group and 63% and 1 1/2 months for the ND group. However, all but one of the patients with ND DNA pattern who showed recurrence-associated CEA elevation with EIA also had an elevated level pre-operatively. We conclude that all patients operated for cure should be followed by regular CEA measurements post-operatively if they had an elevated CEA level prior to operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aneuploidy↗
Comparison of a CEA-EIA assay based on monoclonal antibody with a CEA-RIA assay with polyclonal antiserum.
A monoclonal CEA-EIA assay is evaluated with respect to clinically pertinent data. Comparison is done with the conventional CEA-RIA assay (Roche). Good interlaboratory reproducibility was found, and the stability was very good over the one year evaluation period. The EIA assay could be performed in samples of serum and plasma with compatible results. The correlation between the EIA and RIA values was different in different diagnostic groups, with high correlation in colo-rectal cancer, and low in non-malignant diseases, in which the EIA assay had a lower frequency of CEA positive values. In colo-rectal cancer the RIA assay shows a 20% specificity improvement compared with the EIA assay. This was also reflected in better predictability for true positive and true negative cancer diagnosis in this group of patients as well as increased ability to discriminate between malignant and non-malignant diseases. In other groups of patients, like lung cancer and uterine cervical cancer, such improvement was not seen. The discrimination between malignant and non-malignant diseases was comparable to that of the RIA assay. In follow-up series the EIA and RIA assays detected recurrences and responses to treatment in a quite similar way. In most cases of recurrences from colo-rectal cancer, however, the EIA values increased faster and were a better indicator for recurrent disease than the RIA values.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
IgM and IgG response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in normal individuals and individuals splenectomized due to trauma.
Twenty-one young, splenectomized, healthy individuals (S group) and ten healthy individuals (K group) were vaccinated with a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. All individuals in the S group were splenectomized due to abdominal trauma. IgM and IgG antibodies against each of the 14 pneumococcal serotypes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum concentrations of IgM and IgG were measured by radial immunodiffusion. The mean prevaccination IgM pneumococcal antibody level was lower in the S group than in the K group for most of the serotypes. The mean total serum IgM was considerably reduced in the S group. Vaccination induced a significant IgM pneumococcal antibody response in both groups, but the response tended to be smaller in the S than in the K group. These findings may appear compatible with suboptimal immune regulation in the splenectomized individuals. There were small variations between the total serum IgG and the prevaccination IgG pneumococcal antibody level in the two groups. Both groups obtained a significant IgG pneumococcal antibody response after vaccination to most of the serotypes.
Adolescent↗
Long-term effect of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination on serum IgM and IgG antibody levels in individuals splenectomized for trauma.
The IgM and IgG pneumococcal antibody levels were measured one year after vaccination with a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 12 individuals splenectomized due to trauma and 10 non-splenectomized individuals. The results were compared with the antibody levels before and four weeks after vaccination. One year after vaccination there were only minor differences between the two groups. The IgM response to most of the serotypes had almost vanished. There were only significant IgG responses to a few serotypes after one year, but the mean antibody levels of all the 14 serotypes showed some persistence of the IgG response. There was a tendency for the splenectomized individuals that were younger than 15 years of age to have a somewhat reduced antibody response after pneumococcal vaccination. This could indicate that pneumococcal vaccination might be less efficient in that group of individuals where the need for a protective vaccine is most urgent.
Adolescent↗
A human autoantibody to renal collecting duct cells associated with thyroid and gastric autoimmunity and possibly renal tubular acidosis.
A complement fixing autoantibody reacting with certain renal collecting duct cells, possibly so called dark cells, is described in 113 patients. Clinically, the antibody was strongly associated with thyroid disorders and pernicious anaemia. The patients also showed a markedly increased frequency of thyroid antibodies and antibodies to gastric parietal cells and to intrinsic factor. One of the patients had a distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and pernicious anaemia. The antibody was also found in all of three other patients with either latent or manifest RTA. RTA is associated with various immunological diseases, and the renal collecting duct cell antibody may turn out to be a marker of this disorder, either involved in its pathogenesis or representing a secondary phenomenon.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
Differential coating of human red blood cells with C4 or C3 in a low ionic strength medium.
An EDTA-containing, low ionic strength medium, pH 5.1, can be used for incubation of blood to obtain coating of red blood cells with C4 or C3. The coating achieved depends on incubation temperature (4 or 37 degrees C) and on whether or not CaCl2 or MgCl2 is added to the medium. The optimal concentration of EDTA appears to be 2 mM under the present conditions. This is equimolar to the final concentration of the added CaCl/MgCl2. The choice between CaCl and MgCl2 depends on whether blood without anticoagulant or ACD blood is employed. Coated cells keep satisfactorily for 5 weeks at 4 degrees C in Alsever's solution as well as after freezing and thawing. C3-coated cells can be converted to C3d-coated ones by incubation in normal, compatible, EDTA-containing serum at 37 degrees C.
Calcium Chloride↗
[Antibody synthesis biology. A theme with variations--from amino acid sequence and regulatory cell circuits to malignant lymphomas].
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Splenectomy and serious infections].
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Adolescent↗
Splenectomy and serious infections.
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Adult↗
Circulating immune complexes and prognosis in human malignant lymphoma, a prospective study.
Sera from 53 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 56 patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NH) were investigated, prior to treatment, for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by the 125I-C1q-binding radioassay. The patients were then followed for 14-31 months. No significant association was found between the presence of CIC and achievement of complete remission in any of the groups. In none of the groups could a difference be found between the survival rates of patients with and without CIC in their sera prior to treatment. About half of the patients were retested for the presence of CIC after completion of initial therapy. No significant association was found between the presence of post-treatment CIC and lack of complete remission in any of the patient groups. In the HD group, both pre- and post-treatment CIC appeared to be most frequent among patients over 50 years. No such association was found in the NH group.
Adolescent↗
Increased serum IgE in Hodgkin's disease is of polyclonal origin.
The light chain of serum IgE from 4 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease with elevated IgE levels was studied by an immunoadsorbent technique. Serum IgE was found to contain both kappa and lambda light chains in all cases studied. In addition an association between serum levels of IgE and that of IgA, IgG, and IgM was demonstrated. These findings make it unlikely that increased serum IgE in Hodgkin's disease is of monoclonal origin and support the view that serum IgE in such patients reflects a general disturbance in the regulation of their humoral immune response.
Adult↗
Quantitation of serum complement components and plasma C3d in patients with malignant lymphoma: relation to the stage of the tumor and circulating immune complexes.
Total hemolytic complement activity (CH 50) and complement component levels were measured in 27 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 31 patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma. CH 50 values were higher than normal in almost all the patients. Increased levels of serum C4, C3 and factor B were observed in 62%, 31% and 19% of these patients, respectively. However, plasma concentration of C3d, a breakdown product of C3, was elevated in 29% of the cases. The hypercatabolism of C3 was not closely associated with the presence of circulating immune complexes, as assessed by the C1q binding assay, nor with the presence of general symptoms in the patients. On the contrary, it appeared to be in relation with the extent of the malignant disease.
Adolescent↗
The influence of therapeutic irradiation of blood and peripheral lymph lymphocytes.
This paper reviews the changes of blood and peripheral lymph lymphocytes induced by therapeutic irradiation as given for a variety of lymphoid and nonlymphoid neoplastic diseases. The irradiation brings about an abrupt reduction of the numbers of blood B and T lymphocytes. The number of lymphocytes seems to be restored within a few months after irradiation, while at least 3-5 years appear to pass before the number of blood T lymphocytes is restored. The pattern of recovery seems to be the same whether the thymus has been included in the fields of irradiation or not. In the adult organism, considerable differences apparently exist between the capacities for reproduction of B and T lymphocytes. The number of lymphocytes in peripheral lymph is also much reduced in the irradiated patient and remains so for a long period. This is compatible with the concept that migration from blood to peripheral lymph is a feature quite specific for T lymphocytes. These results are discussed in relation to the immune defense against infection and autologous tumor, and also in relation to the influence of radiotherapy on the immune defect in Hodgkin's disease.
B-Lymphocytes↗
C1q-binding substances in peripheral lymph in bronchial carcinoma.
Peripheral leg lymph has been studied for the presence of C1q-binding substances by the I-C1q binding radioassay in six male patients with untreated bronchial carcinoma. In serum, this assay is highly specific for antigen-antibody complexes (immune complexes). Three of the patients had immune complexes in serum, and they all also had C1q-binding substances in peripheral lymph. The C1q-binding activity was quite similar in serum and peripheral lymph. In the other three patients, immune complexes were not found in serum, but in ome of them, moderate amounts of C1q-binding substances were found in peripheral lymph. The results suggest that immune complexes may be found in peripheral lymph in cancer patients in about the same amounts as in serum. However, formal proof is lacking that the C1q-binding substances of peripheral lymph are real immune complexes.
Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Circulating immune complexes in patients with malignant lymphomas and solid tumors.
Sera from 50 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 78 patients with non-Hodgkin non-leukemic malignant lymphomas, and 75 patients with different types of solid malignant tumors were investigated for the presence of immune complexes using the (125I) C1q-binding test. All patients were untreated. An increased serum C1q-binding activity was found in 22% of the patients with Hodgkin's disease, 35.9% of the non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients and in 37.3% of the patients with solid tumors. The C1q-binding material detected in the patients' sera had properties similar to those of immune complexes. On sucrose density gradient it sedimented as a 10-30 s material. It contained IgG which were dissociated under acid conditions. Passage through anti-IgG immunoabsorbent removed its C1q-binding properties. A prevalent association was found between the presence of serum immune complexes and disseminated disease stages in all the patient groups included. A similar association was found between the presence of serum immune complexes and general symptoms among the malignant lymphoma patients. The nature of the antigens involved in the complexes remains unknown.
Adult↗