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Biomedical subjects

H E Evans

Publications and source records attributed to H E Evans.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics and safety of cefamandole in newborn infants.

Cefamandole, a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was administered to 23 newborn infants with pustular skin infection due to Staphylococcus aureus for an average duration of 7.5 days. All the patients improved clinically. Elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and eosinophilia were observed in nine infants each transiently during treatment. There were no abnormalities of renal functions and Coombs' test results remained negative. The levels of cefamandole in serum after either intravenous or intramuscular administration were higher and the mean life was longer than those previously reported in older infants, children, and adults.

Cefamandole↗
PubMed1979

Reversible defect of neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Chemotactic and random migrations of neutrophils derived from four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were found to be defective. These abnormalities improved significantly in parallel with the decrease in serum calcium and parathormone and with the increase in serum phosphorus concentration after surgical removal of the adenoma. These observation suggest a possible role for parathormone phosphorus and calcium in the motility of neutrophils.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency and susceptibility to lung disease.

This subject concerns the complex interrelationship of a genetically determined protein deficiency, enzymes which are inhibited by that protein, environmental challenges such as cigarette smoke and industrial pollutants, and the occurrence of obstructive lung disease (Fig. 1). Unequivocal establishment of an etiological role for AAT deficiency, especially of intermediate degree, has proven to be difficult. Confounding variables such as enzyme concentration in PMN and PAMs, duration of exposure to potential environmental hazards, differences in laboratory methods utilized in measuring AAT and in studying pulmonary function all require investigation. The definitive study, incorporating all of these and other factors, has yet to be conducted. No single, clear-cut conclusion can be drawn from analysis of present studies. In those circumstances in which heterozygotes appear to be predisposed to COPD, phenotypic screening of the population at potential risk, such as industrial workers may be appropriate. Conversely, in conditions in which no association is demonstrated, such screening would not be justified. Perhaps, the best one can do is to suggest a "Scotch verdict"; that is, the issue of causation is not proven.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Gentamicin and amikacin, administered in therapeutic doses to normal healthy adults, caused a transient decrease in chemotactic migration of their PMNs. In contrast, RM of leukocytes obtained from these individuals was increased significantly. The magnitude of these changes did not correlate with the serum antibiotic concentrations. Separate in vitro experiments with gentamicin, however, revealed an inverse dose-response relationship with chemotactic suppression. The mechanism(s) involved in modifications of these leukocyte functions is not well understood. These findings may be of clinical significance in patients, especially those with altered host defense mechanisms, who require therapy with these aminoglycoside antimicrobial agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Surgical procedure for exposure of the chorda tympani in dogs: a ventral approach.

An experimental neuroanatomic investigation of the innervation of the dog's tongue by the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase required that chorda tympani neurectomy be performed in neonatal pups. Surgical exposure and transection of the chorda tympani proximal to its union with the lingual branch of the mandibular nerve in the past has been accomplished by radical lateral approach which is suited only for acute experimentation. This report describes a ventral surgical exposure of the extracranial portion of the chorda tympani in the dog. This surgical procedure permits long-term survival and is considered especially useful for the chronic neuroanatomic and neurophysiologic investigations on the role of the chorda tympany in taste, salivation and lingual vasodilation in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Analysis of the medical records in a pediatric emergency room.

A prospective evaluation of Pediatric Emergency Room records permitted analysis of major errors and of factors contributing to them. All records from July 1973 to June 1975 were reviewed daily by a board certified pediatrician using a previously established protocol. Patients had been seen by pediatric house staff from 4 PM to 8 AM on weekdays and from 8 AM to 8 AM on weekends and 25,907 records were reviewed. Errors were detected in 9.5 percent of these. The most common was an incomplete set of vital signs which accounts for 68 percent of all errors. Failure to arrange for appropriate follow-up care occurred in 16 percent of cases. Other errors ranged from two to four percent and included inadequate use of laboratory, incomplete physical examination, inappropriate diagnosis or therapy. Major omissions in the history were uncommon (1.3 percent). The frequency of errors was significantly greater at the start of each academic year (July to October), and at the start of each month (P<0.001). The errors occurred significantly more often at the first year level than the second year level (P<0.01). This study suggests a means of improving record keeping and house staff education, ie, attending-level supervision should be emphasized at the start of each month and academic year. Daily reviews of errors with the house staff as well as modification of chart design may bring about more complete patient evaluation and detailed recording of findings, diagnosis, and disposition.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1978

Child neurology: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid concentrations were measured in 16 pediatric patients with febrile convulsions, in 9 with bacterial meningitis, and in 8 noninfected newborn infants. Most CSF amino acids are present in greater concentration in patients with bacterial meningitis than in those without CNS infection. Newborn infants have elevated CNS amino acid concentrations similar to those found in older patients with bacterial meningitis. The reason for increased amino acid concentration in the meningitis group may be due to alterations in brain metabolism, changes in the kinetics of CSF formation, alterations in the removal of amino acids by active transport mechanisms, or a combination of factors. Delayed maturation of transport mechanisms may explain the high levels found in newborn infants.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetics and safety of cefamandole in infants and children.

Cefamandole, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, has greater activity against common pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Proteus (including indole-positive strains), than available cephalosporin drugs. We have evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of this drug in 30 infants and children. Blood levels and urinary excretion of the drug were similar to those previously found in adults. The only side effects were mild and transient elevation of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase in 12 patients and of blood urea nitrogen in 1 patient in whom serum creatinine remained normal and unchanged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Prevalence of of alpha 1-antitrypsin Pi types among newborn infants of different ethnic backgrounds.

alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes were determined in cord sera of 1,010 healthy term infants of black, white and Hispanic background, by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis technique of Fagerhol and Laurell. Among the black group, M prevalence (97%) was higher than among the Hispanic group (88%). MS prevalance in the Hispanic group (6.7%) was higher than among black (1.5%) or white (3.9%) infants. Among those with an M pattern a "step" variant representing a shift of the relative amounts of protein in the major peaks of the M pattern, was found in 96% of neonates, but only among 9.8% of infants one months to two years of age and 18% among children two to ten years of age, regardless of race. Quantitative values of alpha 1-antitrypsin were not decreased among MS and MZ infants.

Alleles↗