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Biomedical subjects

H Dufour

Publications and source records attributed to H Dufour.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Long-term use of tianeptine in 380 depressed patients.

Tianeptine is a new tricyclic compound whose principal action is to increase the reuptake of serotonin. In a multicentre trial in which 380 depressed patients were treated for one year, tianeptine produced a significant reduction in the MADRS scores from day 14, with a sustained reduction maintained for up to 12 months; other measures of efficacy (HRSA, HSCL, and CGI) also reflected the improvement. Only 11% of patients withdrew because of recurrence of depression and 2% because of side-effects, which were mainly drowsiness, irritability, and gastrointestinal disturbance. Apart from a minor reduction in heart rate, unaccompanied by any conduction changes, no clinically relevant changes in vital signs or laboratory tests were seen. Seven subjects who attempted suicide by tianeptine overdose had favourable outcomes, in spite of also taking other psychotropic drugs or alcohol. No evidence of tolerance or withdrawal symptoms was seen after treatment was stopped. These results suggest that tianeptine has the potential to provide safe antidepressant activity in both the acute and chronic phases of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A 15 years' follow-up of use of lithium at the Department of Psychiatry of Marseille University. Data concerning the follow-up of 205 patients].

The authors report descriptive data from a follow-up study of 205 patients taking lithium therapy and treated at the Department of Psychiatry (Marseille, France), during a 15 years period (1972-1987). Methods of investigation consisted in a detailed examination of their hospital and clinic case notes and in medical interviews of psychiatrists in charge of patients. 25 features have been selected in order to precise clinical and biological characteristics of patients: Diagnosis (INSERM, ICD9), family history of psychiatric disorders, illness course, salt used, serum and erythrocytes lithium levels, dose maintenance, additional medications, psychological and physical side effects, compliance with medication and clinical response.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Role of tianeptine in the prevention of depression relapse and recurrence. First estimations].

The potential activity of tianeptine in the prevention of depressive relapses or recurrences was evaluated in the course of a long-term multicenter study. Five hundred and ten patients were treated for a one-year period. During the first six months, 22 percent of patients responders to the treatment relapsed into depression or had a methodological equivalent of depressive relapse (a MADRS score equal to or higher than 25). This percentage of depressive relapses is comparable to those obtained with other antidepressants. After six months of treatment, 7 percent of patients with a stabilized recovery recurred into depression or had a methodological equivalent of depressive recurrence (a MADRS score equal to or higher than 25). An analysis compared this percentage with those obtained in the course of other studies. These percentages are classically more important. The role of diagnoses of depression was analysed. Percentages of depressive relapses and recurrences were also evaluated in the sub-sample of patients treated with tianeptine alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Aneurysmal temporal bone cyst. Apropos of 2 new cases].

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a well known lesion on the metaphyse of lung tubular bones or on the spine. Unusually, it is detected on the skull and more rarely again on the temporal bone. The authors, talking about the eleven cases they have found in the literature and two recent personal cases, try to describe the main diagnostic dates of this temporal lesion which one has never known if it is a real tumor or a reactional dystrophic pseudotumor secondary to an intrabone circulatory incident, perhaps a phlebitis. As for all other locations, these temporal bone forms are more frequently encountered among adolescents or young adults and, because their blowing bone effect, give clinical signs which directly result from their aggressive behavior on the surrounding structures, in this particular location: temporal fossa swelling, otologic, ophthalmologic or stomatologic symptoms, facial or trigeminal nerves troubles and rarely central neurological signs. On CT-scan, it appears as a space-occupying lesion located in the temporal fossa, with a blowing bone aspect, with intracranial and infratemporal expansions. This CT scan lesion is heterogeneous and contrast enhanced except in its center which is hypodense, as a cyst. The MRI shows comparable pictures. Its total excision, made easier by a preoperative embolization, gives a total and definitive recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A double-blind multicentre comparison of remoxipride, at two dose levels, and haloperidol.

A total of 186 patients who met the DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia were admitted to a double-blind randomized multicentre trial in which the efficacy and safety of remoxipride at two dose levels was compared with those of haloperidol. Over a period of six weeks the patients received remoxipride 100-300 mg/day (n = 60), remoxipride 200-600 mg/day (n = 61), or haloperidol 10-30 mg/day (n = 64). There was no significant difference between the three treated groups with regard to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores obtained. Remoxipride, at both dosage ranges used, thus had comparable therapeutic efficacy to that of haloperidol. In contrast, extrapyramidal symptoms occurred significantly more frequently in the group treated with haloperidol. Laboratory tests and cardiovascular investigations showed no specific drug effect in any of the treated patients. Remoxipride is thus effective in acute treatment of schizophrenia at both dosage levels and has an advantage over haloperidol in neurological acceptability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A multivariate analysis of red blood cell membrane transports and plasma levels of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan in depressed patients before treatment and after clinical improvement.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether biological variables, such as erythrocyte membrane transports and plasma levels of monoamine precursor amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine), exhibit a particular pattern relatively to DSM-III depressive subgroups (dysthymic disorders, major recurrent depression and biopolar depression), when they are treated synthetically by a stepwise discriminant analysis. We conducted two tests in 97 subjects (64 depressed patients vs. 33 controls): the first before any antidepressant treatment, and the second after pharmacotherapy and clinical improvement. Our results clearly indicate a satisfying homogeneity for the controls and bipolar depressed patients as opposed to dysthymic disorders and major recurrent depression in both tests. The most informative biological variables are the erythrocyte membrane transports before treatment, tryptophan parameters after clinical improvement. Evidence is provided that multivariate analysis constitutes an interesting approach in biological psychiatry.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Different aspects of the cognitive activities of patients with schizophrenia. IV. Imbalance between assertions and negations].

Not being able to equilibrate affirmations and negations, the schizophrenic patient accedes only exceptionally to the majoring equilibrations of the second and third levels. In the logico-mathematic field, he does not approach the constructive synthetizing generalisations of reasoning. Lacking reflective abstraction, he cannot balance his logico-mathematic reasoning and differentiate what is structurally possible from what is materially possible, thus explaining his inaccessibility to perceive logic necessities, contrasting with the certainties of his delirium. In the logico-experimental domain, he reaches only rarely clause reasoning generalisation, and relapses regularly to the level of inappropriate generalisations of the extended inductive type. It is useless to try to find the "primum movens" of his difficulties, either in his imbalance assimilation/accommodation, or in his impossibility to see his contradictions, or even in his incapacity to equilibrate affirmations and negations. The majoring equilibrations, of which he is unable, are the functional expression of structures which do not follow the linear causality of Laplace's determinism but the circular causality characteristic of teleonomic processes. After a month of neuroleptic treatment, the decompensated schizophrenic's balance between assimilation and accommodation is partially restored.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Citalopram--a highly selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor--in the treatment of depressed patients.

In an open, clinical trial comprising a total of 21 depressed in-patients (6 men and 15 women) citalopram was administered in doses of 20-60 mg once daily for a period of at least 3 weeks. Fourteen of the patients were treated for 4 weeks, and 6 of these patients were treated for another 2 weeks. The CPRS subscale for depression (MADRS) and a global evaluation were used for assessment of the therapeutic effect. Twelve patients showed complete or partial response to treatment, and generally onset of therapeutic effect was seen within the first 2 weeks of treatment. Side-effects were generally few and mild, anxiety being the most frequent one. No pathological laboratory values were recorded, and apart from one case of slight and transient bradycardia no changes were observed in the cardiovascular parameters. Determination of plasma levels in 16 of the patients under presumed steady-state conditions showed an inter-individual variation between 28 and 616 nM/l for citalopram and between 32 and 338 nM/l for its monodemethylated metabolite for daily citalopram doses of 30-60 mg. The average ratio citalopram-desmethyl citalopram was 1.70. No correlation was found between clinical response and the plasma levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Blood and plasma kinetics of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and fluphenazine in psychiatric patients after intramuscular injection of their decanoic esters.

Whole blood and plasma concentrations of active neuroleptic drugs were measured in eight schizophrenic outpatients who had received cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate in Viscoleo or fluphenazine decanoate in sesame oil by intramuscular injection. Whole blood and plasma concentrations were very similar, though there was a slight tendency for blood concentrations to be higher than plasma concentrations. Maximum concentrations appeared at 1 week after administration of cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate, whereas the highest concentrations after fluphenazine decanoate were seen at the end of the 3-week dosage interval. Some between-individual variation and a limited within-individual variation was seen.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Extensive multicentric study of 1354 cases of depressed subjects treated with amineptin].

Psychiatrists and general practitioners are already well acquainted with amineptine. It nevertheless appeared interesting to expand previous clinical trials concerning use in hospitalized patients and outpatients. The results of this extensive study involving 1354 cases coming from 13 french regions confirm and specify the therapeutic indications in the various types of depression as well as its status within the antidepressant group. The low occurrence of side effects and the remarkable acceptability were also confirmed by this larger-scale study performed by 162 experimenters, all of whom were psychiatrists. The two most remarkable points arising from this study were the homogeneity of results for each region, as well as their consistency with previous findings during the clinical trial phase. Overall results in depressive disorders were: 76% positive (of which 52% very good and good results), particularly concerning melancholia (201 cases) and neurotic or reactive depressions (815 cases). Extensive evaluation of results indicated that amineptine was a fast acting desinhibiting antidepressant.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1980

[Night sleep study in acute and chronic psychosis (author's transl)].

A group of 22 psychotics (19 schizophrenics) was recorded in acute and/or chronic phase by series of 3 consecutive nights. Our main purposes were to study correlations between subgroups and sleep patterns and to follow the clinical evolution of these patients in looking at the quantitative and/or qualitative modifications of the various sleep states. Schizoaffective psychotics showed a lack of the "first night effect". The patients recorded in acute and in remission phases differ from unmedicated normal subjects: the former had less deep sleep and more "intermediate phases": the later presented an increase, sometimes very high, of REM total duration. Finally, within each subgroup, the analysis of individuals pointed out, for some of them, an evolution opposite to the general tendency.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[A double-blind nomifensine-nortriptyline trial in ambulatory patients conducted by psychiatrists in private practice: results and comments].

Nomifensine and nortriptyline were compared in a collaborative trial by psychiatrists in private practice. The trial impiled:--selection of ambulatory depressed patients--randomization in parallel groups (respectively 31 and 34 subjects)--administration in double-blind condition of 4 capsuels daily of either compound during 4 weeks--quotation of depressvie syndrom with Hamilton depression scale before treatment after 2 and 4 weeks. The analysis of results shows clear improvment of depression scores, equivalent in both groups (non significant difference and posterior rejection of an alternative hypothesis). Practical problems encountered in controlled trials in psychiatrist's outpatients are discussed.

Adolescent↗