[Patient-oriented education in family practice within medical education: curriculum of the Rijksuniversiteit Limburg].
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Curriculum↗
Biomedical subjects
H De Vries
Publications and source records attributed to H De Vries.
The Dutch cancer information helpline: experience and impact.
A study was performed to evaluate the experience and impact of the Dutch national cancer information helpline. During a period of 4 weeks all callers from the target groups general public, cancer patients and friends/relatives of patients were asked to fill in a structured postal questionnaire (response 73%; N = 532). Different characteristics of the helpline were evaluated: the overall quality of the information given, the communication skills of the educators and the telephone as a channel for getting information concerning cancer. Also, several outcomes were measured: the overall satisfaction with the helpline, the impact on anxiety and the impact on meeting expectations. Most of the callers evaluated the different characteristics of the helpline very positively. Most callers were positive concerning the outcomes of the helpline. However, different target groups showed different predictors of these outcomes. The general public were mostly interested in general information, while relatives/friends and patients also seemed much in need of communicational feedback and reassurance. To maintain the high quality of the helpline it is of great importance to keep the line's expertise at a constant high level. This can be realized by training educators to attune more to the specific needs and questions of the different target groups and to try to get the 'real' questions to the surface.
Adult↗
Psychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption.
Psychosocial correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption were studied in an adult Dutch population (n = 367) based on the ASE model of attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy. Attitudes were a summation of beliefs about taste, different health consequences, and costs in time and money. Social influences were measured through the social stimulation respondents expected to get from important others to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables and by asking the subjects about the behaviour of important others. Self-efficacy reflected the respondents' ability to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables in various situations. Self-efficacy and attitudes were consistently and significantly associated with consumption of boiled or otherwise heated vegetables, of salads, and of fruit. Furthermore, respondents reporting low consumption of these food groups had lower self-efficacy expectations and less positive attitudes than subjects with relatively high consumption of fruit and vegetables. It is concluded that nutrition education aimed at stimulating fruit and vegetable consumption should focus especially on changing attitudes and self efficacy expectations.
Adult↗
Starting participation in an employee fitness program: attitudes, social influence, and self-efficacy.
BACKGROUND: This article presents a study of the determinants of starting participation in an employee fitness program. Information from 488 employees, recruited from two worksites, was obtained. From these employees the determinants of participation were studied. METHODS: A questionnaire based on two theoretical models was used. The Stages of Change model was used to measure the health behavior, consisting of precontemplation (no intention to participate), contemplation (considering participation), preparation (intending to participate within a short period), and action (participating in fitness). The possible determinants were measured according to the ASE model, including the attitude toward an employee fitness program, social influence, and self-efficacy expectations. RESULTS: Subjects in action stage were most convinced of the benefits of participation in the employee fitness program and of their own skills to participate in a fitness program. Subjects in precontemplation stage were least convinced of the advantages of participation and had the lowest self-efficacy scores. Subjects in action stage experienced the most social support to participate in the employee fitness program. CONCLUSIONS: Health education for employees within industrial fitness programs can be tailored toward their motivational stage. Promotional activities for industrial fitness programs should concentrate on persons in the precontemplation and contemplation stages, since people in these stages are insufficiently convinced of the advantages of a fitness program and expect many problems with regard to their ability to participate in the program.
Adult↗
Behavior of conduct disordered children in interaction with each other and with normal peers.
This study investigated the behavior of children with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD) in interaction with each other and with normal control (NC) children in a semi-standardized setting over a period of 25 minutes. This short time turned out to be sufficient to demonstrate the behavioral manifestations of CD/ODD in children's interactions with peers. In addition, the role of the interactional partner on antisocial behaviour of CD/ODD children became apparent.
Aggression↗
Differences between conduct disordered and normal control children in their tendencies to escalate or neutralize conflicts when interacting with normal peers.
The behavior of conduct disordered (CD) children was compared with normal control (NC) children in interaction with normal peers. Dyads consisting of a) a CD child and a normal peer and b) an NC child and the same normal peer as in a) were observed. CD boys were less able than NC boys to neutralize incipient conflicts. Hitherto most behavioral studies of CD boys have concentrated on their tendency to escalate conflicts but have paid very little attention to their difficulty in neutralizing conflicts.
Aggression↗
Participation in an employee fitness program: determinants of high adherence, low adherence, and dropout.
This article presents the results of a study of the determinants of adherence level in an employee fitness program. Of all 236 employees who started participating in the program the determinants of level of participation (high adherence, low adherence, and dropouts) during the program were studied by means of a pretest and posttest design. The questionnaire was based on different theoretical concepts. The determinants measured included the attitude toward an employee fitness program, self-efficacy expectation, and social support. The results show that there were no differences in determinants between the groups at the start of the program. During the second measurement the high- and low-adherence groups were most convinced of the benefits of participation in the program. The low-adherence group and the dropouts were least convinced of their ability to participate in a fitness program. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Analysis of Variance↗
Regulation of the expression of mitochondrial proteins: relationship between mtDNA copy number and cytochrome-c oxidase activity in human cells and tissues.
The relationship between the relative amounts of nuclear and mitochondrial genes for cytochrome-c oxidase subunits and their transcripts and cytochrome-c oxidase activity was investigated in several human tissues and cell lines to get more insight into the regulation of the expression of this mitochondrial enzyme complex. The results show: (1) a wide range of mtDNA copy numbers; (2) constant ratios between the steady-state levels of the transcripts for the various cytochrome-c oxidase subunits, and (3) large variations in cytochrome-c oxidase activity in different tissues and cell lines that could not be related to the differences in mtDNA copy number. We conclude that the transcription of genes for both mitochondrial and nuclear cytochrome-c oxidase subunits is regulated coordinatedly, but also that the mtDNA copy number plays a minor role in determining differences in cytochrome-c oxidase activity between different cell and tissue types.
Cell Nucleus↗
Steady-state transcript levels of cytochrome c oxidase genes during human myogenesis indicate subunit switching of subunit VIa and co-expression of subunit VIIa isoforms.
Steady-state levels of the mitochondrial rRNAs, of mRNAs for mitochondrially and nuclear-encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase and for the beta subunit of ATP synthase were assessed by Northern blot hybridizations during the in vitro differentiation of human myoblasts. Transcript levels of the so-called liver-type form of subunit VIa of cytochrome c oxidase diminished during the course of differentiation, while transcription of the so-called heart-type form was induced. Transcripts for the liver-type form and for the heart-type form of subunit VIIa of cytochrome c oxidase were detected in all myogenic cultures; the levels of the heart-type form progressively increased during the course of differentiation. The levels of the other transcripts studied did not change substantially. The results suggest subunit switching of subunit VIa and co-expression of subunit VIIa isoforms during myogenesis. The differential changes in mRNA levels of the heart-type subunits VIa and VIIa and the differential changes in mRNA levels of the liver-type subunits VIa and VIIa demonstrate that different transcriptional regulation mechanisms are present for both heart-type genes as well as for both liver-type genes.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Evaluation of the use of serum lathosterol concentration to assess whole-body cholesterol synthesis in rabbits.
Serum lathosterol concentration in rabbits was assessed as a possible indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis. In random-bred New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits fed a control diet or a diet containing either cholesterol, simvastatin, or cholestyramine, neither serum lathosterol concentration nor the serum lathosterol:total cholesterol ratio systematically corresponded with the anticipated rate of cholesterol synthesis. In control rabbits and those fed simvastatin or cholestyramine, whole-body cholesterol synthesis, which was calculated from the sterol balance, was correlated with serum lathosterol concentration when expressed relative to cholesterol in very low, intermediate, and low density lipoproteins (VLDL + IDL + LDL) (r = 0.61; n = 23; P = 0.002). The low correlation coefficient indicates that the predictive value of the lathosterol: (VLDL + IDL + LDL) cholesterol ratio is limited when applied to individual rabbits. Cholesterol and simvastatin feeding reduced the group mean serum lathosterol:(VLDL + IDL + LDL) cholesterol ratio, whereas cholestyramine in the diet raised the group mean ratio in the NZW rabbits. We conclude that the serum lathosterol:(VLDL + IDL + LDL) cholesterol ratio may be an indicator of group mean rates of whole-body cholesterol synthesis in rabbits but may not yield reliable information on individual rabbits. The lathosterol:(VLDL + IDL + LDL) cholesterol ratio predicted that in hyperresponsive inbred rabbits, showing an excessive hypercholesterolemia after cholesterol feeding, baseline whole-body cholesterol synthesis is lower than in hyporesponsive rabbits. Addition of cholesterol to the diet caused a reduction of predicted cholesterol synthesis in hypo- but not in hyper-responsive rabbits.
Animals↗
Nucleotide sequence of the last exon of the gene for human cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb and its flanking regions.
A human genomic clone encompassing the last exon of the gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb and a human genomic clone containing the most distal end of this gene were characterized. The last exon of the gene codes for the 17 C-terminal amino acid residues of the subunit and the 3' noncoding region. Downstream from the gene we found a single base difference between the DNA sequences of the two genomic clones. An inverted Alu dimer repeat was identified further downstream.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) enhances mitochondrial activities in human leukaemic cells.
1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) at a concentration which inhibits nuclear-DNA reduplication (0.05 microM), enhances mitochondrial activities like respiration, in cell of a human leukaemic cell line Molt 4. While the specific activity of cytochrome c oxidase doubles in the course of the G1 phase of the cell cycle in control cells, in the presence of Ara-C G1 phase cells begin to increase the enzyme activity earlier and show a 3-fold rise of the enzyme activity in the same period of time. This is explained by an enhanced expression of the mitochondrial genome: the concentration of transcripts for the mitochondrially encoded subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase increases. Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis abolishes the Ara-C induced effect on the specific activity of cytochrome c oxidase activity. The concentration of transcripts of the nuclearly encoded subunit IV of cytochrome c oxidase is the same as in control cells, and also the specific activity of the mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase, which is exclusively encoded on nuclear-DNA, is not affected by Ara-C. Dysregulation in time and intensity of the expression of the mitochondrial relative to the nuclear genome may impair cell function and reflect a till now neglected mechanism of Ara-C cytotoxicity.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Photobinding of some 7-chloro-1,4-benzodiazepines to human plasma protein in vitro and photopharmacology of diazepam in the rat.
The extent to which diazepam, diazepam-N4-oxide and N4-desoxychlordiazepoxide irreversibly bind to plasma protein upon UV irradiation was determined. Comparison with the results for chlordiazepoxide leads to the conclusion that the N4-oxide function is essential for the occurrence of irreversible binding in vitro. Investigation of the photopharmacology of diazepam in the rat gave results similar to those for N4-desoxychlordiazepoxide: in contrast with what already had been found for chlordiazepoxide no difference was observed between the pharmacology of diazepam in UV-A irradiated rats and those kept in the dark. Both in vitro and in vivo data expand the hypothesis to other 7-chloro-1,4-benzodiazepines, according to which the presence of an N4-oxide group is a prerequisite for the occurrence of phototoxicity and that an oxaziridine is the toxic intermediate.
Animals↗
Differential metabolic basis for the hypocholesterolemic effects of cholestyramine and pectin in rats.
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Animals↗
The dynamic relations among interpersonal behaviors: a test of complementarity and anticomplementarity.
On the basis of the positions of behaviors relative to one another in the interpersonal circle, the principles of complementarity and anticomplementarity specify how people's behaviors influence one another in interpersonal interactions. Pairs of undergraduate women (1 subject, N = 80, and 1 confederate) collaborated for 16 min to create and agree on stories for two pictures. Confederates performed scripted roles that emphasized one of eight interpersonal behaviors. Behaviors were coded into eight categories, and the relative effect of each confederate behavior on each subject behavior was determined. Using the geometric properties of the interpersonal circle, vectors were calculated that identified the relative impact of each confederate stimulus behavior on the overall pattern of subject responses. Results were consistent with the dynamic relations among interpersonal behaviors that complementarity and anticomplementarity propose and demonstrated that how a person behaves toward another systematically and profoundly affects how the other behaves toward the person.
Adolescent↗
Type I tyrosinemia: lack of immunologically detectable fumarylacetoacetase enzyme protein in tissues and cell extracts.
Type I hereditary tyrosinemia is characterized by the almost complete absence of fumarylacetoacetase in tissues and cells from patients. To investigate the nature of the enzyme deficiency, extracts of tissues (liver and kidney) and cells (lymphocytes and fibroblasts) were immunochemically screened for the presence of fumarylacetoacetase enzyme protein. The antibodies used were raised in rabbits against fumarylacetoacetase purified from beef liver. These antibodies cross-reacted strongly with the human enzyme. No cross-reacting material was found in extracts from liver (n = 4) and kidney (n = 1) from patients. Extracts from lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts from patients were investigated as well. However, no cross-reacting material was found in extracts of these cells.
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
The photochemical decomposition of the progestogenic 19-norsteroid, norethisterone, in aqueous medium.
Norethisterone, a contraceptive 19-norsteroid, was decomposed in aqueous medium (pH 7.4) by UV-B radiation (280-320 nm). This 4-en-3-oxo-19-norsteroid was not prone to the skeletal rearrangement reactions usually observed in steroids possessing a C10-methyl group. Under the reaction conditions applied, products were formed by addition of molecules, such as solvent molecules or a second steroid molecule, and by reduction of the double bond. The prevalence of addition type reactions may have consequences for the application of norethisterone-like steroids in subdermal contraceptive devices.
Norethindrone↗
Casein-induced hypercholesterolaemia in rabbits is calcium-dependent.
Young male rabbits were fed semi-purified diets containing either casein or soy protein, both at a normal (0.84%, w/w) and a high (1.44%, w/w) level of dietary calcium. At the normal calcium level, casein, as compared with soy protein, increased the concentration in serum of total and free cholesterol and the ratio of free cholesterol to phospholipid. Also, casein increased the intestinal phosphate absorption and decreased the faecal fat excretion. The hypercholesterolaemic response of the rabbits on the casein diet was significantly correlated with both phosphate absorption (r = +0.744) and fat excretion (r = -0.701). The increased amount of dietary calcium inhibited the casein-specific effects on both the intestinal and the serum lipid parameters. In contrast, calcium did not change these parameters in rabbits fed the soy protein diet. These results support the hypothesis that the degree of phosphorylation of casein is involved in the mechanism of the casein-induced hypercholesterolaemia by means of its effect on the enterohepatic cycle of bile acids.
Animals↗