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Biomedical subjects

H Danielsen

Publications and source records attributed to H Danielsen.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Abnormal renal sodium excretion in the nephrotic syndrome after furosemide: relation to glomerular filtration rate.

The effect of 40 mg furosemide intravenously on sodium excretion, the renin-aldosterone system and arginine vasopressin (AVP) was studied in 14 patients with the nephrotic syndrome and in 13 control subjects. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) was reduced in all patients but four. Before furosemide, AVP, but not angiotensin II (AII) or aldosterone (Aldo), was increased in the nephrotic patients. After furosemide, sodium excretion (NaE) increased less and changes in AVP, AII and Aldo were blunted in the patients. Ccr and NaE were positively correlated in the nephrotic syndrome. The reduced sodium response after furosemide in the nephrotic syndrome seems to be closely correlated to a reduced glomerular filtration rate but not to an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The reduced response of AVP, AII and Aldo after furosemide is consistent with a lower degree of volume depletion in nephrotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Defective renal water excretion in nephrotic syndrome: the relationship between renal water excretion and kidney function, arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II and aldosterone in plasma before and after oral water loading.

An oral water load of 20 ml (kg body wt)-1 was given to seventeen patients with the nephrotic syndrome and fifteen healthy control subjects. Diuresis (D), free water clearance (CH2O), plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone (Aldo) were determined before and 3 times during the first 4 h after loading. In the nephrotic syndrome D was significantly lower 1-2 h after loading than in the control subjects, predominantly due to a lower CH2O (2.61 and 7.01 ml min-1 (medians), P less than 0.01). Creatinine clearance and the maximum increase in CH2O were significantly correlated in patients with the nephrotic syndrome (rho = 0.721, n = 17, P less than 0.01) and the control subjects (rho = 0.596, n = 15, P less than 0.01). AVP was reduced in both groups during loading, but AVP was clearly elevated in the patients with the nephrotic syndrome when compared to the control subjects both before (3.0 and 1.9 pmol 1(-1), P less than 0.01) and during loading. There was a significantly negative correlation between CH2O and AVP in both groups. AII and Aldo were reduced during loading, but the levels were the same in the patients and in the control group, and AII and Aldo were not correlated to CH2O. It is concluded that patients with the nephrotic syndrome excrete an oral water load more slowly than healthy control subjects, and that this phenomenon partly is due to reduced glomerular filtration rate and partly to increased AVP.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The osmoregulatory system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnancy.

Plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (A II), aldosterone (Aldo), serum osmolality (Sosm), urine volume (V), and free water clearance (CH2O) were determined in the third trimester of pregnancy, and 5 days and 3 months after delivery in pre-eclampsia (group I), in normotensive pregnancy (group II), and in non-pregnant control subjects (group III). The AVP was the same in the third trimester of pregnancy in groups I and II and did not deviate significantly from the level in group III. However, 5 days after delivery, AVP was lower and V and CH2O higher in group I than in group II. There was no correlation between AVP and Sosm in the third trimester in either group I or II, but 5 days after delivery a significant positive correlation was found between these parameters in both groups I and II as well as in group III. The A II and Aldo changed qualitatively in the same way in groups I and II, that is, considerable elevation in the third trimester and normalization after delivery. Also, A II and Aldo were lower in group I than in II. The AVP and A II were not correlated and there was no significant relationship between systolic or diastolic blood pressure on the one hand and AVP, A II or Aldo on the other in either group I or II. Thus the osmoregulatory system appears to be altered in both pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnancy, but becomes normal again 5 days after delivery. In pre-eclampsia a suppression of AVP seems to be responsible for the elimination of excess water in pre-eclampsia 5 days after delivery. There was no evidence for a causal relationship between blood pressure and the osmoregulatory system or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in any of the pregnant groups.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1985

Arginine vasopressin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate during acute sodium loading in chronic glomerulonephritis.

The relationship of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in plasma to cyclic adenosine 3' 5'-monophosphate (cAMP), sodium excretion in urine, and arterial blood pressure were determined during intravenous infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride solution (500 ml of 50 g/l) in 10 normotensive control subjects and in 11 normotensive and 10 hypertensive patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and relatively well preserved kidney function. The concentration of AVP in plasma increased 2-4 fold, osmolality in serum increased 12-16 mosmol/kg, and urinary excretion of cAMP increased 20-40% during sodium loading to the same extent in all three groups. Sodium and water excretion were higher during the sodium loading in the hypertensive patients, but not in the normotensive patients when compared to the control subjects. Neither AVP nor changes in AVP correlated significantly with changes in cAMP excretion, sodium excretion or blood pressure. In the control subjects the level of parathyroid hormone in serum was unchanged during the sodium chloride infusion. Water loading without sodium loading in eight of the control subjects caused a decrease in the excretion of cAMP. In conclusion, the increase in cAMP excretion in urine during the sodium loading might be explained by an AVP-induced stimulation of renal cAMP production. The study does not suggest that AVP plays a role in the increased sodium excretion during sodium loading or in the development of hypertension or chronic glomerulonephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between urinary concentrating ability, arginine vasopressin in plasma and blood pressure after renal transplantation.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and serum osmolality (Sosm) were determined in plasma before and after a 24-h period of water deprivation in 19 patients with post-renal-transplant hypertension (group I), 14 patients with normal blood pressure after renal transplantation (group II), and 16 healthy control subjects (group III). Urine was collected in four periods of 6 h each for measurement of urine volume (V), urine osmolality (Uosm) and tubular capacity for reabsorption of water (Tc water). AVP and Sosm increased significantly in all groups. The AVP levels were the same in groups I and II, but higher in group I than III both before and after water deprivation. In group II, AVP was higher than in group III only after water deprivation; V was significantly reduced in all groups. In groups I and II, V, Tc water and Uosm were the same. In group III, V was significantly lower than in groups I and II in the last three 6-h periods, and in group III, Tc water was higher in the first 6-h period than in groups I and II. There was a significant positive correlation between AVP and Sosm in all groups. In conclusion, renal water excretion cannot be reduced as rapidly and to the same degree in renal transplant recipients as in control subjects because of a decreased renal capacity for reabsorption of water. The higher AVP level in the transplant recipients may be a compensatory phenomenon for the decreased responsiveness of the renal collecting ducts in the transplanted kidneys. The sensitivity of the osmoreceptors to changes in osmotic stimuli was normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of immunoglobulins G, A and M: applicability in analysis of sucrose gradients.

A simple and sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of immunoglobulins G, A and M in sucrose gradients is described. The solid-phase consisted of immunoglobulins adsorbed to polystyrene tubes. Using buffers without detergent and 125I-labeled sheep anti-rabbit IgG as radioligand, the assay was able to detect 0.8 ng per tube in the IgG assay and 1.6 ng per tube in the IgA and IgM assays. Standard curves with antigen dissolved in 10% and 32% sucrose were superimposable and did not deviate from standard curves with antigen dissolved in buffer without sucrose. Using these techniques on ultracentrifugation samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Schönlein-Henoch nephritis and IgA glorulonephritis it was possible to detect both immunoglobulin fragments and immunoglobulin aggregates at the same time without prior dialysis of the samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of indapamide on renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and arginine vasopressin in plasma in essential hypertension.

Renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), arginine vasopressin in plasma (AVP), free water clearance (CH2O) and blood pressure (BP) were determined in 11 patients with essential hypertension at the end of 3 consecutive periods of observation each of 6 of weeks duration; indapamide 2.5 mg daily was given in period 2 and placebo in periods 1 and 3. RPF and GFR were reduced by 9% and BP by 9%/14% supine and 14%/12% standing during indapamide treatment. Changes in renal haemodynamics were not correlated with those in BP. AVP was not significantly altered by indapamide and was not correlated with BP. Indapamide reduced CH2O possibly due to the reduction in GFR. It is concluded that indapamide evidently induces redistribution of the cardiac output, with enhanced muscle blood flow and reduced renal perfusion, and that AVP does not seem to be involved in blood pressure regulation in mild to moderate essential hypertension under basal conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Serum immunoglobulin sedimentation patterns and circulating immune complexes in IgA glomerulonephritis and Schönlein-Henoch nephritis.

Sera from 8 patients with IgA glomerulonephritis and from 6 patients with Schönlein-Henoch nephritis were investigated by the C1q-binding assay (C1q-BA) test and by sucrose gradient centrifugation followed by sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay determinations of IgA, IgG and IgM in each fraction obtained. Abnormal sedimentation profiles were found in sera from 3 of 8 patients with IgA nephritis and in 3 of 6 patients with Schönlein-Henoch nephritis. The abnormal fraction consisted of low molecular weight IgA in 2 patients, IgG in 1 patient and IgM in 4 patients. The absolute level of polymeric IgA was increased in 3 of 8 patients with IgA nephritis, but the relative distribution was normal. An abnormal sedimentation pattern of immunoglobulins was correlated to a positive C1q-BA test (p less than 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effect of indapamide on the renin-aldosterone system, and urinary excretion of potassium and calcium in essential hypertension.

The effect of indapamide, 2.5 mg daily, on blood pressure, electrolyte balance and the renin-aldosterone system was studied in 11 patients with essential hypertension. During indapamide treatment blood pressure decreased and the renin-aldosterone system was stimulated. A moderate hypokalaemia seen during indapamide treatment was not correlated to changes in plasma aldosterone concentration. Fractional excretion of potassium was unchanged during treatment, while renal calcium excretion was reduced. No effect on calcium in serum was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in exaggerated natriuresis of chronic glomerulonephritis.

Angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone (Aldo) in plasma, blood pressure (BP) and urinary excretion of sodium were studied before, during and in two periods after intravenous sodium loading with 500 ml of sodium chloride solution (50 g/l) in 11 normotensive and 10 hypertensive patients with histologically verified chronic glomerulonephritis and creatinine clearance in the range from 11 to 167 ml/min, and in 10 normotensive control subjects. The absolute increase of sodium excretion during loading was higher in the patients grouped together and in the hypertensives alone, but not in the normotensive patients when compared with the control subjects. No correlation was found between sodium excretion and control mean BP or change in mean BP during loading. AII and Aldo were suppressed during loading in both patients and control subjects. In the patients but not in the control subjects the increase of sodium excretion correlated positively with pre-infusion value of AII and negatively with change in AII during the sodium loading. No correlation was found between sodium excretion and Aldo and changes of Aldo. In conclusion, the results might suggest that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in the regulation of exaggerated natriuresis in chronic glomerulonephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Normalization of hepatic lysosomal autophagy in streptozotocin diabetic rats after pancreatic transplantation.

This study was performed to determine whether the enhanced hepatic autophagocytosis occurring in diabetes mellitus could be reversed by pancreatic transplantation despite the persistence of hyperglucagonemia in transplant recipients. Twenty weeks after pancreatic transplantation, hepatic lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles were quantitated morphometrically in untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats and in streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated by pancreatic transplantation. Hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in untreated diabetic rats were corrected after pancreatic transplantation. However, the peripheral plasma glucagon concentration remained significantly higher in transplant recipients than in non-diabetic controls. Light microscopic morphometry revealed no significant effect of the diabetic state or its reversal on the volume of the single hepatocyte or the volume density and numerical density of hepatocytes. However, electron microscopic examination showed that the number and volume density of lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles, which were significantly increased in diabetic rats, returned to control values after pancreatic transplantation. It is concluded that chronic hyperglucagonemia does not preserve enhanced hepatic autophagocytosis when the diabetic hypoinsulinemia is corrected by the pancreatic transplant.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Arterial hypertension in chronic glomerulonephritis. An analysis of 310 cases.

310 cases of glomerulonephritis classified morphologically according to the criteria of the WHO were analyzed retrospectively in order to determine the frequency of arterial hypertension. The overall prevalence of arterial hypertension was 61%. Hypertension was most frequent and severe in membranoproliferative and sclerotic glomerulonephritis, but often mild and transient in extracapillary glomerulonephritis. Hypertension usually developed during the early stages of the disease when kidney function was well preserved and in only 16% was hypertension first seen during the uremic stage. No correlation was found between hypertension and the presence of the nephrotic syndrome. During dialysis, hypertension was present in 78%; in 90% of these patients hypertension was "controllable" and in 10% it was "uncontrollable".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Bilirubin-liposome interaction. Binding of bilirubin dianion, protonization, and aggregation of bilirubin acid.

Interaction of bilirubin with phospholipid liposomes was studied at varying pH. Liposomes were prepared from egg-phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, egg-phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine with 5% (w/w) cholesterol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, and a lipid preparation from cat brain. Experiments were also conducted with erythrocyte ghosts. Interaction with bilirubin was studied by observing quenching of fluorescence from 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, incorporated in the lipid bilayers, by gradient centrifugation of the product, by measuring light scattering during the process, and by studying the solubility and infrared spectra of the final aggregates. At pH values above 8.2, the findings are consistent with formation of a bilirubin dianion-phospholipid complex. At pH 6-8, protonization of bilirubin in the complex is indicated and is followed by self-aggregation of bilirubin acid with formation of large bilirubin particles containing a small amount of phospholipid. Results were qualitatively similar with all lipids studied; marked quantitative differences in degree of fluorescence quenching and aggregation rates were observed with liposomes from different phospholipids. Reflections on affinities and available concentrations indicate that this train of processes may be part of the toxic mechanism of bilirubin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective, randomized multicenter study comparing APD and CAPD treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The goals for maintenance dialysis treatment are to improve patient survival, reduce patient morbidity, and improve patient quality of life. This is the first randomized prospective study comparing automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment with respect to quality of life and clinical outcomes in relation to therapy costs. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized multicenter study. SETTING: Three Danish CAPD units. PATIENTS: Thirty-four adequately dialyzed patients with high or high-average peritoneal transport characteristics were included in the study.Twenty-five patients completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: After randomization, 17 patients were allocated to APD treatment and 17 patients to CAPD treatment for a period of 6 months. Medical and biochemical parameters were evaluated at monthly controls in the CAPD units. Quality-of-life parameters were assessed at baseline and after 6 months by the self-administered short-form SF-36 generic health survey questionnaire supplemented with disease- and treatment-specific questions. Therapy costs were compared by evaluating dialysis-related expenses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality-of-life parameters, dialysis-related complications, dialysis-related expenses. RESULTS: The quality-of-life studies showed that significantly more time for work, family, and social activities was available to patients on APD compared to those on CAPD (p < 0.001). Although the difference was not significant, there was a tendency for less physical and emotional discomfort caused by dialysis fluid in the APD group. Sleep problems, on the other hand, tended to be more marked in the APD group. Any positive effect of APD compared to CAPD on dialysis-related hospital days or complication rates could not be confirmed. With larger patient samples, it is possible, however, that a significant difference might have been achieved. The running costs for APD treatment were US $75 per day and for CAPD treatment US $61 per day. CONCLUSION: If APD treatment can help to keep selected patients vocationally or socially active, paying the extra cost seems reasonable.

Denmark↗