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Biomedical subjects

H D Segall

Publications and source records attributed to H D Segall.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Unusual neuroradiological features of intracranial cysticercosis.

The authors describe various new neuroradiological findings in cysticercosis cerebri. Features discussed include: (a) contrast enhancement in cysticercosis, including enhancement of an intraventricular cyst, basal meningeal enhancement, and enhancement in association with granulomatous reaction to cysticercosis; (b) positional cyst alterations, including cyst mobility and positional changes in cyst configuration; (c) neuroradiological features of foramen of Monro obstruction, which may be unilateral or bilateral, and may be due to cysts or adhesions; and (d) unusual angiographic features, including two cases of ring stains which corresponded to ring enhancement on CT, and a mycotic aneurysm associated with cysticercosis. For this study, the authors evaluated 102 cases of cysticercosis; 12 case reports are presented herein.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

CT of brainstem injury.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans of 1,600 head trauma patients, 67 of which demonstrated evidence of brainstem injury, were reviewed. CT diagnosis of brainstem injury was based on direct and indirect evidence. Direct signs, which include focal hemorrhage, significant intraparenchymal contrast enhancement, hemorrhagic contusion, and edema of the brainstem, appear as areas of high density, mixed density, and low density on the CT scan. Indirect signs are obliteration of the pontine, cerebellopontine angle, and perimesencephalic cisterns. Mortality and morbidity rates after brainstem injury are 2-3 times greater than for head trauma with descending transtentorial herniation, but without brainstem injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The contrast-enhanced CT scan in the diagnosis of isodense subdural hematoma.

The authors review 29 cases of surgically-proven isodense subdural hematomas examined by non-contrast and contrast-enhanced computerized tomography scans. Three types of isodense collections were noted: homogeneous isodense collections, mixed-density collections, and gravitational layering within subdural collections. Contrast enhancement within the cerebral cortex, cortical vessels, and subdural membranes led to the correct diagnosis in each case. Contrast-enhanced scans are essential for the evaluation of isodense subdural hematomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Use of computerized tomography scanning in supratentorial arachnoid cysts. A report on 20 children and four adults.

Congenital supratentorial arachnoid cysts are large lesions that tend to cause severe distortion and compression of the brain, particularly in infants and children. Diagnosis of such cysts has often been delayed and uncertain in the past, but development of computerized tomography (CT) has greatly improved the ease and accuracy of their identification, helping to provide for earlier surgical treatment and better care of patients. The authors report 24 cases of congenital supratentorial arachnoid cysts, 18 of which were studied with CT scanning; this method proved very valuable in pre- and postoperative assessment in all cases, and far superior to other diagnostic methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Diagnostic and prognostic implications of computed tomography of head trauma.

A total of 210 cases of head trauma were examined using noncontrast enhanced and contrast enhanced computed tomography scans. Evidence of contrast enhancement was seen in 97 cases (46%). Subdural hematoma and focal contusion were the most frequent entities demonstrating contrast enhancement. This finding was also frequently seen in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (5 of 17). Every one of the five patients in this series with IVH whose scans showed enhancement died, whereas out of the 12 whose scans showed no enhancement, five survived. Illustrative cases are presented. The authors feel that contrast enhanced scans are valuable in the evaluation of the full extent of head trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Scintigraphic detection of congenital intracranial vascular malformations.

Nine children with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and a tenth with a cerebral aneurysm, had computer-processed dynamic scintigraphy with static scintigrams, transmission computed tomography (CT) both with and without contrast injection, and radiopaque cerebral angiography. All ten lesions were detected by dynamic scintigraphy and angiography, whereas two AVMs were missed on CT scans and the aneurysm and two AVMs (one missed by CT) were not identified on static scintigrams. Time-activity curves generated from regions of interest placed over the cerebral hemispheres, AVMs and/or various venous structures permitted, respectively, estimation of interhemispheric partition of perfusion, estimation of the fraction of total cerebral hemispheric perfusion preferentially directed into a malformation, and indication of the route of venous drainage from the lesions. While dynamic scintigraphy and CT scanning both identified the aneurysm, scintigraphy was the most effective screening test for detecting AVMs owing to its accuracy, lower cost, and lack of required anesthesia, heavy sedation or iodinated contrast agents.

Adolescent↗