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Biomedical subjects

H D Schneider

Publications and source records attributed to H D Schneider.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Sexuality in old age].

The research on sexual behavior of old people is still suffering from grave deficits. In spite of this it can be said that the biological bases in men and in women are characterized by lower speed and intensity. The old people's attitude towards sexuality in general and their own sexuality is still less liberal than the attitude of younger persons. The frequency of sexual intercourse decreases, mainly because of lack of partners or because of health problems. There are many other forms of sexual behavior; especially, the importance of tenderness is increasing. A theoretical model of factors influencing the sexuality in old age is presented. Practical considerations concerning the prevention in young and in older people, treatment of older people in the physician's practice and their living in institutions conclude the article.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Sexuality in the elderly--research results and its significance for life in institutions].

There are many methodological problems in current research on the sexual behavior of the elderly. As a consequence the results should more be considered as qualitative cues than as quantitative facts. For the main result (less speed and less intensity) several examples for both sexes are given. The elderly are sexually rather active. Forms of tenderness are more and more important and forms of genital activity lose their former importance. Several influencing factors on sexual behavior of the elderly are described (sex, marital status, health, harmony between the partners, importance of sexuality in the former life). An overview of some theories demonstrates the complexity of the causes of sexual behavior in old age. For the physician it is recommended to discuss possible consequences of medical treatments on sexual life with the patient and his or her partner. In institutions the privacy of the elderly should be respected.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Are patients in geriatric clinics rehabilitated?].

In order to verify the effectiveness of various rehabilitation activities commonly used in geriatric clinics or nursing homes, a total of 453 persons from seven clinics/nursing homes had been assessed four times in 12 months by staff from the respective facility. First, the thesis of the multimorbidity in old age was confirmed by an average 4.4 diagnoses per patient. Rehabilitation measures were found to have been only rarely provided, with rehabilitative efforts having focussed mainly on the patients in better shape. On the other hand, visits from close relatives such as children or spouse are more frequent for patients who function at lower levels. It has been possible by cross-lagged correlation to demonstrate the positive effects of concentrated rehabilitative efforts undertaken over a period of twelve months. A significant correlation to specific rehabilitation techniques has not been stated.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

[Women before and after retirement (author's transl)].

A mail survey on 249 female employees and 198 retired female employees of a Swiss enterprise led to several results: retired females are more satisfied and more active than working collegues of the same age; people are better informed on those topics about aging about which they want further to increase their knowledge; divorced women in general and married women in retirement are less satisfied; the general resources: anticipation of future events, social integration, and good health influence the ratings of the present situation. Specific hypotheses are deduced on the elder women's state.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[The theory of developmental tasks: a pool for many things or more? (author's transl)].

According to the theory of developmental tasks the mastery of a developmental task leads to happiness and increases the probability of competence in the following tasks. This theory may be the roof under which theories of life crises, continuity, stress, learned helplessness, and socialization may be specific models to explain satisfaction and/or competence in managing developmental tasks. -- By applying the theory of developmental tasks to the process of aging this process in the negative sense may be seen as a consequence of not mastering developmental tasks.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

[The importance of age-homogenous member's in secondary groups--the example of choirs (author's transl)].

The investigation studies the influence of the age composition of secondary groups on their member's satisfaction by interviewing a representative sample of the members of Swiss Protestant choirs. The satisfaction with fellow members increases the lower the mean age of the choir is. Independently the older the respondents the more they want young members in their organization. Furthermore, there are indications for an optimal distance of age between the members. In total the influence of the age composition on the operationalizations of satisfaction is, low however. The hypothesis is deduced from the optimal distance of age that tendencies for age-homogeneous social relations will be more frequent in societies with large differences in behavior between their cohorts.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Evaluating programs for preparation to old age: some theoretical thoughts and a practical example (author's transl)].

In the first part methodically satisfactory experimental designs for evaluating programs for preparation to old age on the basis of Cambell & Stanely (1963) are sketched including conditions which hinder the realization of the ideal notions. In the second part an experiment for comparing two preparatory courses to old age using different methods of instruction is described. It was observed that the more demanding teaching method resulted in more anxiety for old age. This led to the conclusion, that programs for preparation to old age should be planned as a sequence of several units in which the mastering of the new ideas may be learned and in which this learning process may be supervised.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Residents and personnel as sources and targets of violence in homes for the aged].

Aspects of prosocial and of violent behaviour among residents, among staff, and between residents and staff of homes for the aged in German-speaking Switzerland and possible determinants were ascertained by mailed questionnaires (N = 205; rate of return: 20%). Prosocial behaviour is dominating but violence in many forms occurs too. Violence correlates with low age of the employees, with a low motivation for continued education, with a low satisfaction with the work situation in many forms, with low life satisfaction, with life problems, with high numbers of inhabitants of the political community, with the size of the home, and with unfavorable conditions of the staff. Correlations between the behaviour of home residents and staff leads to the proposition that violence in one group furthers violence in another group and hinders prosocial behaviour. The report is closed by considerations concerning methodological restrictions and practical consequences.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The single man in old age].

The paper examines the hypothesis that the elderly single male, as a result of his exceptional situation and few resources, is less able to cope and will therefore be less content than widowed or married elderly men. The results from a representative study of the older population of a Swiss canton show that both single and widowed elderly men are less disadvantaged than was supposed. Marital status alone will therefore not account for problems in old age.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Widowhood from the perspective of the theory of learned helplessness].

Applying Seligman's theory of learned helplessness to the situation of the widowed means that the spouse's death and the resulting events may be seen as incidents which are not under the influence of the living partner. Therefore widowed persons will show the helplessness which Seligman described and the motivational, cognitive, and affective consequences--at least when these persons could hardly control their living conditions before. A secondary analysis (survey on 65 to 85 year-olds) which could not use all relevant variables delivers results in agreement with the hypotheses.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Resources in old age].

General results of the psychological research on aging lead to the hypothesis that demands during the life cycle are accomplished the better, the more general and the more specific resources the individual disposes of. The analysis of four surveys on elder people shows that health, income, social integration, knowledge about aging, plans for retirement, good ecological conditions, life satisfaction, and a low age seem to be general resources. In addition there are some specific resources. The relevance and the necessary differentiation of the resource-perspective in gerontology are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sexual behavior patterns in old age].

Existing studies on sexual behavior of the aged show earnest deficiencies: false sampling, insufficient interviewing instruments and little interest in theory development. As a consequence all results must be taken as preliminary: most elderly reduce their sexual activities and change from genital to tenderness behavior. Men and women experience sexuality differently. Those who live in institutions report of few sexual interest and complain of lacking privacy. Several theories are applied to sexual behavior of the aged: disuse, exchange, role, communication theories and the concept of developmental tasks. Some consequences for research, for the elderly, for the social environment, for sex education and for institutions are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[How can preparation for old age become a tool for prevention?].

Preparation for old age is defined as the sum of all efforts at any point in the life-course for better coping with old age. Eight theoretical orientations are sketched from which conclusions for the preparation for old age may be deduced. Nine points of critique are formulated (ethical objections, compensatory function, provision for work, retarded beginning, partially false content, needy people are not reached, neglect of the information diffusion processes and of the interindividual differences, low results). Four postulates concerning a responsible preparation for old age conclude the article (professionalization, extended time perspective, diversification, continuous amelioration by evaluation).

Adaptation, Psychological↗