Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H D Oldigs

Publications and source records attributed to H D Oldigs.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Trace element excess in PKU diets?

Knowledge of trace element requirements of infants with phenylketonuria (PKU) fed a semisynthetic diet is limited. Three infants with PKU detected early were studied longitudinally in classical balance studies for 72 h, under domestic conditions, at the ages of 2, 5, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Iron, copper and manganese concentrations in the diet and faeces were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The median concentrations in the diet (4.8 mg Fe/L, 1.7 mg Cu/L, 0.43 mg Mn/L) exceed those in human milk. This is mainly due to supplementation of the amino acid preparation used. The increased intake led to a significantly higher daily retention of Cu and Mn from the PKU-diet fed, with a median of 0.17 mg Cu/kg and 6.4 micrograms Mn/kg body weight; the median retention of Fe was 0.24 mg Fe/kg. Our results confirmed the doubts about the suitability of the present trace element supplementation in formula for infants with PKU during the first four months of life.

Body Burden↗
PubMed1990

How necessary is a chromosomal analysis in growth-retarded girls?

In growth-retarded girls, shortness may be the only clinical sign of Turner syndrome. Therefore recommendations have been published that a chromosomal analysis should be carried out in every girl showing growth retardation. The present study was carried out to examine whether the head circumference of small girls can serve as a criterion and hence limit the need for expensive chromosomal analysis. The head circumferences of 45 girls with Turner syndrome were compared with those of 41 growth-retarded girls. It could be shown that the heads of the patients with Turner syndrome had a normal circumference, whereas the heads of the control group were significantly smaller. In view of this result, the risk of overlooking Turner syndrome in diagnosing growth retardation without a chromosomal analysis could be estimated to be 1:9000. The conclusion is drawn that a chromosomal analysis is not necessary in girls whose growth retardation is combined with a small head circumference and who do not show other malformations.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1990

Perinatal glucose metabolism as an indicator for stress and hypoxia during different forms of delivery.

In 82 term newborns divided into three groups (spontaneous delivery, caesarean section and vacuum extraction) we investigated umbilical artery pH, artery and vein glucose levels and calculated the veno-arterial difference of glucose. The three groups showed significant differences of artery and vein glucose levels. The highest umbilical artery (UA) and umbilical vein (UV) glucose levels were found after vacuum extractions (n = 13, UA: 98 mg/dl, UV: 104 mg/dl), the lowest levels were present in the group of caesarean section (n = 16, UA: 52 mg/dl, UV: 65 mg/dl). After spontaneous deliveries the intermediate levels were observed (n = 55, UA: 70 mg/dl, UV: 84 mg/dl). The mean of UA-UV-glucose difference was low after vacuum extractions and statistically different from the values after caesarean section and spontaneous deliveries. The mean of UA-pH did not show statistically significant differences in the three groups. The regression analysis between UA-pH and UA-UV-glucose difference revealed a highly significant dependency in the group of caesarean section (p less than 0.01) but no dependency after vacuum extraction. Significant dependency was also found in the group of spontaneous delivery (p less than 0.05).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Urinary zinc excretion in infancy.

In view of the conflicting data on urinary Zn excretion in infancy we investigated the possible influence of contamination, collecting methods, nutrition (human milk versus formula) and longitudinal changes during the first 16 weeks of life. Methodical investigation showed that special attention is necessary to avoid contamination due to the use of Zn-containing baby creams in the genital region. The sampling device for collection should include the smallest area of skin possible and the use of Zn-containing baby creams has to be avoided both during the collection and at least 24 hours prior to urine collection. Previous fractional urine sampling of the collecting method to be evaluated proves that erroneously high values are not obtained at the beginning of collection. Midstream urinary samples reduce the possibility of contamination. Increased urinary excretion was shown in pre-term infants under theophylline or coffeine medication. The median daily urinary Zn excretion in healthy breast-fed term infants declined significantly from 0.063 (0.027-0.111) mg per kg body weight at the age of 2 weeks to 0.018 (0.004-0.059) mg per kg body weight at the age of 16 weeks. Comparable values for formula-fed term infants were 0.029 (0.025-0.063) mg per kg body weight initially and 0.025 (0.007-0.059) mg per kg body weight at the end of the study. These values can be used as reference values for the urinary Zn excretion of healthy infants.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Selenium balances in young infants fed on breast milk and adapted cow's milk formula.

Selenium intake, renal and fecal excretion, and retention were determined in 11 breast-fed term infants and in 9 term infants fed with an adapted cow's milk formula. In most cases three-day-balances were determined five times at the age of 2, 5, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Analytical determination of selenium was by atomic absorption spectroscopy with a selenium hybrid system after wet ashing of samples. The mean breast milk concentrations of selenium show a significant decrease in the course of lactation from 31.0 micrograms/L in the first collecting period to 17.6 micrograms/L in the last one. The two formula milks contained 11.8 and 7.7 micrograms/L. Intake in the breast milk group was higher than in the formula group, whereas absolute renal and fecal excretion were essentially the same. This leads to a higher selenium retention in the breast-fed infants than in the formula-fed infants, where most of the balances are negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Longitudinal manganese and copper balances in young infants and preterm infants fed on breast-milk and adapted cow's milk formulas.

1. Mn and Cu intake and retention in twenty full-term infants and six preterm infants were studied on the basis of 72 h balances. The age of the infants was 2-16 weeks and the gestational age of the preterm infants (triplets) 34 and 36 weeks. Three nutrition schemes were pursued: breast-fed, formula-fed with unsupplemented adapted formula and formula-fed with trace element supplementation. 2. The mean Mn concentration of all breast-milk samples (n 2339) was 6.2 micrograms/l. The two formulas had similar Mn concentrations (77 and 99 micrograms/l) but had different Fe, Cu (121 and 619 micrograms/l), Zn and I contents. The mean Cu concentration in mother's milk was 833 micrograms/l. 3. The following mean daily Mn intakes and retentions (micrograms/kg) respectively were measured: breast-fed full-term 1.06 (SD 0.43) and 0.43 (SD 0.65), formula-fed full-term 14.2 (SD 3.1) and 2.8 (SD 4.8), formula-fed preterm 15.0 (SD 2.2) and 0.06 (SD 5.87). The results for Cu were 114.5 (SD 22.3) and 88.0 (SD 46.5) micrograms/kg in breast-fed, 19.8 (SD 4.2) and 4.6 (-11.5-9.6) in the unsupplemented formula-fed and 106.4 (SD 18.9) and 55.5 (SD 20.3) in the supplemented formula full-term infant group. No significant influence of the trace element contents of the formulas on the relative retention of Mn or Cu was found. 4. Young preterm infants, and to some degree young full-term infants, often had negative Mn balances caused by a high faecal excretion. The formulas with a Mn concentration below 100 micrograms/l gave a sufficient supply of Mn. Preterm infants fed on the unsupplemented formula had a marginal Cu supply and their first balances were negative (-3.8 (SD 1.8) micrograms/kg). 5. In accordance with the estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intakes (recommended dietary allowances), formula-fed infants receive much more Mn than breast-fed infants and their absolute retention is higher. 6. Cu from breast-milk had a significantly better biological availability than that from cow's milk formula. If retentions similar to those in breast-fed infants are intended, we conclude, therefore, that cow's milk formula should be fortified with Cu up to a level of at least 600 micrograms/l.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Iron balances in infant nutrition.

Iron balance studies were performed in 17 full term male infants from their 3rd until their 17th week of life. The balance studies were made in the infant's home and comprised 5 periods with an interval of 3-4 weeks, each consisting of three 24-hour collections. Ten infants were breast-fed, 3 received an adapted infant formula (P1, iron content 1.1 mg/l) and 4 were given the same formula enriched with iron, copper and zinc (P2, iron content 10.35 mg/l). From the 3rd to the 17th week of life the breast-fed infants got a mean iron intake of 0.2 mg/kg body weight X 3 days and they retained 0.09 mg/kg b.w. X 3 days. The P1 group received 0.48 and 0.47 mg/kg b.w. X 3 days and retained -0.01 and -0.5 mg iron/kg b.w. X 3 days, while the P2 group had an intake from 5.04 to 6.38 mg b.w. X 3 days and retained between 1.13 and 3.66 mg iron/kg b.w. X 3 days. Comparing the 3 groups it can be concluded that the P1 group retained definitely less iron than the breast-fed group, whereas the P2 group retained 12 to 40 times more iron than the breast-fed babies.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1977

Use of saliva in monitoring carbamazepine medication in epileptic children.

In 17 children on carbamazepine medication alone and 15 children on combined drug regimens, carbamazepine levels were determined in paired samples of serum and mixed saliva by enzyme immunoassay. Carbamazepine levels in serum and saliva were highly correlated in within-patient and between patient series (r = 0.87--0.94). Salivary levels were altered to a minor and clinically insignificant degree by stimulation of saliva flow. Mean saliva/serum ratios, calculated from drug concentrations in saliva specimens collected without and with stimulation were 0.44--0.45 and 0.41--0.43, respectively. The saliva/serum ratio was independent of the serum carbamazepine level and was not affected by concomitant drug medication. The data indicate that measuring salivary levels by enzyme immunoassay is suitable for predicting serum carbamazepine levels. Thus, measurement of carbamazepine levels in mixed saliva samples obtained by a noninvasive technique is recommended for routine monitoring of carbamazepine medication in epileptic children.

Carbamazepine↗
PubMed1976

Identification of the triploid genome by the C-banding method.

We report on cytogenetic studies of a malformed fetus, whose clinical symptoms indicated the diagnosis of triploidy. This was confirmed by chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes of cord blood. Using the C-banding method it was possible to identify the origin of the extra haploid set: marker chromosomes indicate, that nonreduction of the first meiotic division in the father's spermiogenesis most probably leads to triploidy. However, in our case fertilization of the zygote by two sperms cannot be excluded.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

Histamine release, formation of prostaglandin-like activity (SRS-C) and mast cell degranulation by the direct lytic factor (DLF) and phospholipase A of cobra venom.

Cobra venom, alone and in combination, on mast cell degranulation, histamine release and formation of prostaglandin-like activity (SRS-C) was studied in perfused guinea-pig lungs and in mast cell-containing rat peritoneal cell suspensions. For comparison, the effect of equivalent doses of whole cobra venom was investigated. 1. Cobra venom caused mast cell degranulation, histamine release and SRS-C formation in both systems. For comparable effects much higher doses had to be used in guine-pig lungs than in rat peritoneal cell suspensions. 2. Phase A showed little degranulation of mast cells in both systems, a limited histamine release in rat peritoneal cell suspensions and none in perfused guinea-pig lungs. It caused a considerable SRS-C formation in both, lung tissue and peritoneal cell suspensions. 3. DLF caused histamine release, SRS-C formation and mast cell degranulation in both systems; in rat peritoneal cell suspensions it acted almost as strong as equivalent doses of cobra venom, in guinea pig lungs it was much less active. 4. In rat peritoneal cell suspensions the effects of DLF and phase A in combination did not exceed the sum of their single effects. In guinea-pig lungs these two substances interacted in a potentiating synergism. It is concluded that DLF is the main cytotoxic principle of cobra venom, whereas ph-ase A alone is not cytotoxic. The difference in the synergism of DLF and ph-ase A between rat peritoneal cells and guinea-pig lungs may be due to two different actions of DLF and species differences as regards sensitivity against these actions.

Animals↗