[Fluorescence serological demonstration of antibodies against Leptospira with a formalin antigen].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Cramer
Publications and source records attributed to H Cramer.
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of immunoreactive substance P and somatostatin in patients with multiple sclerosis and inflammatory CNS disease.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of substance-P like immunoreactivity (SPLI) and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were measured in 43 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), differentiated according to course and activity of the disease, in 23 patients with inflammatory disease of known bacterial or viral etiology and in 16 control patients using specific radioimmunoassay. SPLI and SLI levels were not significantly different from controls in MS patients whereas SLI was significantly increased in patients with infectious disease of central nervous system and/or subarachnoidal space. It is assumed that CSF SPLI and SLI cannot serve as a diagnostic or prognostic indicator of disease state in multiple sclerosis. Analysis of immunoreactivity by reverse phase HPLC-RIA revealed marked molecular heterogeneity of both neuropeptides.
Adult↗
Methods for the characterization of phosphatase-stabilized 2-5A-antisense chimeras.
We have developed chromatographic and spectrophotometric assays for determining the degree of thiolation in phosphatase-resistant 5'-monothiophosphate-capped 2-5A-antisense chimeras. Concomitantly, we have explored the reactivity of this 5'-monophosphorothioate moiety with reporter reagents such as 5-iodoacetomidofluorescein and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). On the basis of these reactions, analyses for 5'-monothiophosphate-functionalized 2-5A-antisense chimeras were made possible. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that oligonucleotide backbone negative charge could retard mixed disulfide formation in the reaction of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) with 5'-monothiophosphorylated 2-5A-antisense chimeras.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for measuring 2-5A analogues ability to activate RNase L.
The development of a method for measuring the ability of 2-5A analogues to activate the cleavage of an oligoribonucleotide substrate by RNase L is described. This method is based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The method is easily performed with 96-well plates, allowing for quantitative high-throughput analyses of 2-5A analogues under different reaction conditions.
Adenine Nucleotides↗
Nucleotides LXIV[1]: synthesis hydridization and enzymatic degradation studies of 2'-O-methyloligoribonucleotides and 2'-O-methyl/deoxy gapmers.
2'-O-Methyloligoribonucleotides, deoxyoligonucleotides and 2'-O-methyl/deoxy gapmers were synthesized using solid phase phosphoramidite chemistry employing the 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl (npe) protection strategy. Melting temperatures of the synthesized oligonucleotides as well as their stability against degradation by several different nucleases were determined. 2'-O-Methyloligoribonucleotides showed the highest melting temperatures (Tm's) whereas 2'-O-methyl/deoxy gapmers revealed either slightly higher or surprizingly no thermal stabilities compared with their deoxy analogs when using self-complementary sequences. Gapmers with four 2'-O-methyl nucleotides on both ends showed about the same stability as all 2'-O-methyloligoribonucleotides against micrococal nuclease, nuclease S1, and snake venom phosphodiesterase.
Base Sequence↗
Neurochemical differences in the CSF between Binswanger's and Alzheimer's disease.
In 21 patients suffering from Binswanger's disease (BD) and in 53 patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI), high molecular weight form somatostatin (HMV-SST), somatostatin-25/28 (SST-25/28), somatostatin-14 (SST-14), Des-ala-somatostatin (Des-ala-SST), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). The patients were classified into three stages of intellectual deterioration according to the global deterioration scale (GDS). Levels of SLI were significantly decreased in BD in general and in SDAT patients with severe dementia (GDS 7), compared to a control group (BD overall 19.7 +/- 11.6 fmol/ml, SDAT 18.6 +/- 7.9 vs. 30.5 +/- 8.6 fmol/ml in controls, p < 0.01 for both). In SDAT patients, SLI levels correlated with dementia scores (r = -0.65, p < 0.05), but not in BD. HVA levels were decreased significantly in SDAT and BD patients with severe dementia (SDAT 273.5 +/- 138.7, BD 224.3 +/- 69.9 vs. 364.9 +/- 103.8 nmol/ml, p < 0.01 in controls, p < 0.05 for both). In BD patients with light dementia (GDS 2-4), HVA levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05). In BD, HVA levels correlated with dementia (r = -0.59, p < 0.01). 5-HIAA was significantly elevated in BD patients with light dementia (p < 0.05). Qualitative and quantitative changes in the molecular forms of SLI are compatible with a dysregulated posttranslational processing SDAT and BD. We also observed significant correlations between SLI, 5-HIAA and HVA in BD indicating a neurochemical heterogeneous and generalized process affecting several transmitter systems and functions. In summary, our study shows that despite their quite different neuropathology, SDAT and BD do not differ fundamentally in their neurochemical profile.
Aged↗
Dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report.
BACKGROUND: Dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth is a rare, benign lesion requiring surgical intervention. To our knowledge, the preoperative diagnosis of this entity by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has not been previously reported in the cytologic literature. CASE: The patient presented with a massive swelling of the floor of the mouth that displaced the tongue superiorly. A computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated a cystic lesion thought to be consistent with a lymphangioma. FNA was performed without complications and demonstrated numerous anucleated and some nucleated squames consistent with a diagnosis of dermoid cyst. Establishment of the correct diagnosis by FNA enabled the surgeon to proceed with the appropriate operation; that outcome might not have been possible had the erroneous CT diagnosis of lymphangioma been trusted. CONCLUSION: A preoperative diagnosis of dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth was established by FNA. In contrast to reports in the older literature, the FNA procedure caused no complications. In patients presenting with lesions of the floor of the mouth, FNA should be the diagnostic procedure of first choice.
Adult↗
Aspiration biopsy smear pattern as a predictor of biologic behavior in adenocarcinoma of the breast.
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is increasingly used for the initial diagnosis of breast carcinoma, yet few studies have investigated the prognostic importance of cytologic features seen in breast FNAC. We studied the relationship between prognosis and smear morphology in 26 patients with breast carcinoma for whom information from long-term follow-up was available. Specifically, we attempted to correlate nuclear grade and smear pattern with hormonal receptor status, lymph node status, breast recurrence and distant metastasis. In an additional five patients (on whom insufficient follow-up information was available), smear pattern and nuclear grade were correlated with hormonal status. Smears were classified into three patterns: typical (sheets and clusters), individual cell predominant and cluster predominant. The individual cell predominant pattern was associated with an increased incidence of distant metastasis when compared with the other two smear patterns (P less than .05). No statistically significant association was observed between smear pattern and the other factors studied. Nuclear grade 2 (of 3) was also associated with an increased incidence of distant metastasis. However, most grade 2 tumors (10/12) were of the individual cell predominant pattern. Smear pattern classification, along with DNA ploidy analysis and hormone receptor analysis of FNAC-derived material, may yield valuable prognostic information.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Cyclic nucleotides, vigilance and sleep].
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Animals↗
Intraoral and transoral fine needle aspiration. A review of 25 cases.
During a four year period, 25 intraoral and transoral fine needle aspirations were performed. The sites aspirated were the parapharyngeal space (7), palate (4), floor of mouth (3), tongue (3) and a variety of other intraoral sites (8). Squamous cell carcinoma, the most common malignancy encountered, was correctly diagnosed in six cases. Other malignancies correctly diagnosed were 2 malignant lymphomas, 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma. One malignant case called "carcinoma, probably adenoid cystic carcinoma" proved to be a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. One case called "suspicious for squamous carcinoma" was found to be a branchial cleft cyst. In another case a diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the tongue was suggested and confirmed by subsequent biopsy, but the underlying adenoid cystic carcinoma was missed. Of seven benign entities, five were correctly diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA), and in three cases the FNA diagnosis was equivocal. Unsatisfactory aspirates were obtained in four cases. Despite some obvious problems, we consider FNA to be especially useful for the evaluation of parapharyngeal masses, which are usually not accessible to routine surgical biopsy, and for palatal masses, which are usually submucosal and therefore often difficult to biopsy.
Biopsy, Needle↗