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Biomedical subjects

H Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to H Cohen.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual dysfunction in male posttraumatic stress disorder patients.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that sexual dysfunction may be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet such studies have not examined a full range of sexual functioning and have not accounted for the possibility that medication used to treat PTSD may contribute to sexual dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: The current study compares the various components of sexual functioning among three groups of males: (1) untreated PTSD patients (n = 15), (2) PTSD patients currently treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) agents (n = 27) and (3) a group of normal controls (n = 49). METHODS: All participants completed an 18-item questionnaire for assessment of sexual functioning. Those with PTSD also completed the Impact of Events Scale and the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). RESULTS: Untreated and treated PTSD patients had significantly poorer sexual functioning in all domains (desire, arousal, orgasm, activity and satisfaction) as compared to normal controls. Those treated with SSRI had greater impairment in desire, arousal and frequency of sexual activity with a partner. There was a high correlation between sexual dysfunction among the PTSD group and the anger-hostility subscale of the SCL-90. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD appears to be associated with pervasive sexual dysfunction that is exacerbated by treatment with SSRIs. PTSD may represent a heterogeneous syndrome. Patients with PTSD have a high rate of comorbid panic disorder, major depression and anxiety, and it could thus be argued that these comorbid disorders, rather than PTSD, accounted for the observed result. Future research aimed at understanding comorbidity and heterogeneity should help to illuminate the psychobiology of PTSD and eventually guide both medication and psychosocial treatments.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localized amyloidosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration and electron microscopy. A case report.

BACKGROUND: The association of amyloidosis and tumors is well known, but only rarely has it been found in the nasopharynx. Moreover, only a single case of tumor-associated amyloidosis in the nasopharynx has been diagnosed by exfoliative cytology and reported in the English-language literature. We describe a case of localized amyloidosis in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration and confirmed by histology and electron microscopy. CASE: Bilateral neck enlargement appeared six months before consultation in a 57-year-old man. Both masses were resected, and during exploration of the nasopharynx, several blind biopsies were taken. Smears from the fine needle aspirate showed malignant epithelial cells, consistent with metastatic carcinoma, and Congo red stain showed the presence of amyloid. Histologic examination of the resected cervical masses and nasopharyngeal biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, nonkeratinizing variant with amyloid, and metastases in two lymph nodes. Electron microscopic examination of a lymph node showed extracellular, ribbon-like amyloid deposits as well as masses of amorphous amyloid, apparently intracellular. CONCLUSION: The origin of this form of amyloidosis is unclear in this patient since he had no other known etiologic factors for the condition. Increased awareness of the potential association of these two conditions and the use of fine needle aspiration may reveal a higher frequency than hitherto reported.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The lipofuscin-iron association in pigmentosis tubae.

Pigmentosis tubae (PT) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of numerous lipofuscin-laden macrophages in the lamina propria of the fallopian tube. Two women, who also had endometriotic ovarian cysts, showed polypoid pigmented tubal mucosae. In addition to lipofuscin, occasional cells showed spotty positivity for iron. Ultrastructural examination of the tubal mucosa showed the lipofuscin-containing bodies, which were similar to lipofuscin-containing lysosomes found in other pigmented conditions. Cytoplasmatic ferritin and hemosiderin in siderosomes were observed in macrophages and endothelial cells of the lamina propria. The present study is the first to demonstrate the presence of iron-containing particles and lipofuscin in the residual bodies of PT. The origin of the excess iron is not clear, but erythrophagocytosis and an abnormal tubal environment could play a role. Iron-promoted lipid peroxidation may alter the lysosomal membranes and contribute to the excessive accumulation of lipofuscin in these cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The historical development of neuroscience in physical rehabilitation.

Neuroscience and occupational therapy in physical rehabilitation have developed along parallel tracks. As physicians began to study the neural bases of motor control, they also began to reconsider the sequelae of "hopeless" diagnoses as conditions that they could influence. This change in some physicians' understanding of the neural mechanisms of motor control influenced other clinicians' ideas about patient care. Early work on treatment of patients with cerebral palsy and polio led to improvements in treatment approaches used to facilitate motor skill and functional motor ability in patients with upper motor neuron disorders. From the 1950s to the present, therapists have refined their treatment techniques as knowledge from neuroscience has become available. A few therapists, who are gradually increasing in number, have turned to the laboratory to study basic neuroscience problems that affect clinical treatment. This article describes the development of neuroscience research and neurorehabilitation theories and indicates common themes.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Procedural learning in schizophrenia: further consideration on the deleterious effect of neuroleptics.

Deficits in procedural learning remain a controversial issue in schizophrenia. This may be related to the nature of the neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenic patients as conventional neuroleptics may be more deleterious than new atypical neuroleptics. However, there is no comparative study on the effect of specific neuroleptics on procedural learning. In this study, three groups of patients treated with different neuroleptics were compared to normal controls on two procedural learning tasks. In a visuo-motor task, patients and controls showed similar learning rates, although schizophrenic patients showed generally lower performances than normal controls. However, patients treated with a conventional neuroleptic, but not those treated with the atypical neuroleptics, showed many fluctuations during the initial learning phase. In a problem-solving task, all groups were comparable in performance and learning fluctuations, but learning rates were lower in patients treated with the neuroleptic showing the higher incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms. This suggests that procedural learning abilities may be significantly affected by neuroleptics in schizophrenia, although the effect may differ between tasks and the specific neuroleptics. Fluctuations in the initial learning phase of the visuo-motor task probably results from a frontal dysfunction while reduced learning rates, such as those observed in the problem solving task, may be attributed to a striatal dysfunction. This is concordant with the differential pharmacological actions of the conventional and atypical neuroleptics in these two cerebral areas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Language development in a child with left hemispherectomy.

A longitudinal study of a left hemispherectomized boy (AB) was conducted to document linguistic evolution and maturation and determine the extent to which right hemisphere processes allow development of language. Resection of the left hemisphere occurred at age 5 years 6 months, following intractable epilepsy. Tests of language comprehension (pointing, understanding of prepositions, understanding of narratives) and production (naming, repetition, lexical diversity, grammatical production) were administered at ages 6:2, 6:4, 6:6, and 6 years 9 months. Observations showed little progress, if any, in most aspects of linguistic performance. In contrast to studies with left-hemispherectomized children, AB showed only a modest expansion of the semantic lexicon and the phonological repertoire more than a year after the surgical intervention. These observations indirectly suggest (1) poor functional involvement of the right hemisphere in the development of adequate linguistic abilities, (2) the necessary integrity of the LH for adequate development of language, or (3) that variations in individual brain maturation rates may account for AB's linguistic progress.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Asynchronous language acquisition in developmental dysphasia.

A longitudinal study was conducted to document and compare evolution of children with linguistic acquisition impairment. To determine whether development of the analytic mechanisms underlying linguistic processing occured in similar fashion, two children with mixed developmental dysphasia were assessed from 4 to 5:6 years of age with psycholinguistic tests at 6-months interval. Spontaneous speech and language production (consonant repertory in initial word position, MLU, and lexical diversity) were investigated in a standardized symbolic play context. The phonologic and lexico-morphologic evolution analyses revealed a marked improvement in motor control of phonology and in the application of morphosyntaxic rules in child 1, whereas child 2 was still impaired in phonology and morphosyntax. The singular developmental changes in spontaneous speech results indicate dynamic relationships between various language production facets and variability in the kind of deficit and lexical automation presented by these children. These contrasts in the evolution of language production profiles between child 1 and child 2 also underline the importance of longitudinal studies in the analysis of the atypical linguistic processing paths used by children with developmental dysphasia.

Child Language↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of qualitative keratometry for the correction of postoperative astigmatism].

The use of a per operative qualitative Keratometer is of interest in prevention of astigmatism in cataract extraction. Our study, which included two groups of forty patients each, demonstrated that the Karickhoff Keratometer can markedly decrease the degree of immediate post-operative astigmatism = gain of 2.38 delta in comparison with the control group and astigmatism less than or equal to 2 in 35% of the cases.

Astigmatism↗
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[Ocular implantation and exfoliative syndrome].

Operative difficulties and post operative complications after posterior chamber lens implantation are described in 27 eyes with exfoliation syndrome, 8 simple exfoliation syndromes and 19 capsular glaucoma. 14 eyes were operated on by extracapsular extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation in the capsular bag; 13 eyes had extracapsular cataract implantation combined with trabeculectomy. Operative difficulties were due to bad mydriasis and zonular laxity. There was no zonular dialysis. Post-operative visual acuity was between 20/40 and 20/20 in 70% of the cases. There was nos lens luxation. Intercapsular implantation is possible without great risk. The risk of zonular rupture occurs principally during extracapsular extraction. Implants 4 to 12 times Lighter than a cataract human lens do not seem to be dangerous when there is no peroperative zonular rupture.

Aged↗
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Management of the temporomandibular joint surgical patient.

Comprehensive management of the temporomandibular joint surgical patient necessitates a thorough presurgical evaluation and definitive postsurgical management. The article provides an overview of TMJ surgical techniques, including arthroscopy, which has significantly decreased the need for open joint procedures. Early postsurgical intervention is recommended and specific therapeutic paradigms are outlined. Adjunctive technique to reduce inflammation, muscle guarding, edema, and collagen bonding are provided to facilitate manual joint mobilization and therapeutic exercise. Optimal success depends upon a strong professional relationship between the treating dentist, oral surgeon, and physical therapist.

Arthroscopy↗
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[Keratoplasty à chaud: preliminary study].

The purpose of this paper is to review causes and follow up of 16 patients who have had a keratoplasty "à chaud" for corneal ulceration, perforation, or reviving chronically abscess, with a 9 years follow-up for a first group, and 8 months for the second. In 58%, the graft remained clear, and in 16%, the acuity was 4 to 6/10 degrees. Keratoplasty "à chaud" seems to be the most efficient method for treatment of inflammation, the most radical to restore the integrity of the eye, and can give oftentimes an accurate optical result.

Abscess↗
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High-speed liquid chromatographic determination of monensin, narasin, and salinomycin in feeds, using post-column derivatization.

A high-speed liquid chromatographic (LC) method using post-column derivatization is described for the determination of monensin, narasin, and salinomycin in a variety of animal feeds. The ionophores are extracted with hexane-ethyl acetate (90 + 10). A portion of the sample is evaporated, diluted to a known volume, and analyzed using a 6 cm 3 microns C18 column and an absorbance detector after post-column reaction with vanillin. The method has been applied to poultry and swine feeds with levels of 3-100 ppm added antibiotic. A comparison was also carried out with medicated poultry feed and beef feed lot supplement samples previously analyzed by 2 separate bioassay methods for monensin and salinomycin, respectively. Recoveries for the LC method ranged from 92.1 to 103% with an average recovery of 98.1% and a coefficient of variation of 3.65%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute esophageal variceal sclerotherapy. Results of a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Within 48 hours of variceal hemorrhage, 82 patients were randomly assigned to conventional treatment including balloon tamponade or to conventional treatment supplemented by sclerotherapy. The prerandomization general clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar. Seventy-nine percent of patients were alcoholic and 57% were in Child's class C. In the sclerotherapy group of 44 patients, sclerotherapy was performed twice in 28 patients and thrice in 13 patients over the two weeks of follow-up. The number of patients who rebled was significantly lower in the sclerotherapy group than in the group treated conventionally (23% vs 53%). The number of bleeding episodes also was significantly lower in the sclerotherapy group (15 vs 32). Moreover, blood transfusion requirements were significantly decreased in the sclerotherapy group. This was true even for patients who were bleeding at the time of randomization or who were in Child's class C, but this primarily was because fewer patients who underwent sclerotherapy (10 of 24 vs 18 of 23) required transfusions. Although there was no difference in survival between the two groups, we conclude that sclerotherapy is better than conventional treatment in the acute management of variceal bleeding.

Adult↗
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Determination of ochratoxin A in animal feed and cereal grains by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for determination of ochratoxin A in animal feeds and cereal grains. Samples are initially extracted with chloroform-ethanol (8 + 2) and 5% acetic acid in water. Extracts are purified using a silica gel cartridge followed by a cyano cartridge. The samples are evaporated, diluted to a known volume, and analyzed using a 10 cm column of 3 micron C18 and a fluorescence detector. The method was applied to a variety of animal feeds and cereal grains at levels of 1.0-0.005 ppm added ochratoxin A. The overall recovery was 90.6% +/- 3.6.

Animal Feed↗
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[Ethnic variation of the duration of gestation].

This study compares the durations of gestation of 6,885 West Indian women who delivered in Fort-de-France, with 11,818 Metropolitan, 257 West Indian and 110 African women whose deliveries took place in Clamart (France). Mean duration of pregnancy was 4/10 of a week shorter: i.e. 3 days, for West Indians. There was no difference between West Indians giving birth in Fort-de-France as opposed to those giving birth in Clamart. Duration of pregnancy was shortest for Africans as compared with West Indians and Metropolitans. These differences were statistically significant. At Clamart, despite standardization allowing for maternal ages, parity and socio-economic status, mean differences and their statistical significance remained.

Africa↗
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Liquid chromatographic cleanup and determination of low levels of vitamin D3 in sheep plasma.

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of vitamin D3 in sheep plasma. Samples are extracted by one of 2 different methods, depending on the concentration of vitamin D3. The samples are purified by using either a Sep-Pak silica cartridge or a small alumina column, followed by additional cleanup on a Metalsorb LC column. Final analysis was carried out on a 5 micron C18 column using a radial compression separation system with an acetonitrile-methanol solvent system. Vitamin D3 was completely resolved from any interfering compounds in the plasma; total run time was less than 15 min, using a variable wavelength detector set at 264 nm. The method was successfully applied to samples at levels of 1-10 ng added vitamin D3 mL sheep plasma, with recoveries in the range 90-97%.

Animals↗