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Biomedical subjects

H Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to H Cohen.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Trials with xanthine derivatives in systemic treatment of psoriasis.

The psoriatic epidermis is more active metabolically and its rate of proliferation is faster, showing incomplete differentiation as a result of the imbalance between the low level of cyclic AMP and the high level of cyclic GMP. The low cyclic AMP levels are due to hyperactivity of the phosphodiesterase which hydrolyzes cyclic AMP. Xanthine derivatives are found to be potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors. 15 psoriatic patients were treated with tablets of xanthine derivatives (dyphylline, aminophylline). The obtained results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Failure of metoclopramide to influence LH, FSH and TSH secretion or their responses to releasing hormones.

Intravenous metoclopramide (MET) (10 mg) induced a brisk PRL response with a mean +/- SEM peak of 85.3 +/- 7.7 ng/ml maximal at 30 min. L-Dopa, but not atropine pre-treatment, attenuated the prolactin (PRL) response to MET. This indicates that the antidopaminergic properties of MET mediate PRL secretion. MET did not influence basal levels of TSH, LH or FSH. Neither did it affect their response to the respective releasing of hormones. Our results indicate that dopaminergic blockade induced by iv MET, does not influence the secretion of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Neutrophil chemotaxis in psoriasis.

Neutrophil chemotaxis was assessed in 69 psoriatic patients and 37 healthy human subjects. It was found to be significantly enhanced in 52 untreated patients. In 20 patients treated with an orally-administered phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Diphylline, neutrophil chemotaxis was normal. The enhanced chemotactic response of neutrophils from untreated patients with minimal skin lesions was at least equal to the response of those from patients with extensive skin lesions. Preincubation of normal human leukocytes with plasma derived from patients with widespread lesions markedly reduced their chemotactic activity. Plasma derived from patients with extensive skin lesions exhibited marked chemoattracting properties in comparison with plasma from healthy subjects. It is postulated that the basic intrinsic abnormality of neutrophil function in psoriasis could be caused by a decreased cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP ratio, similar to the decreased cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP ratio found in the lesional epidermis of this disease. Plasma factors which influence chemotaxis in psoriasis are related to the extent of the eruption and their effect is contrary to the effect of the basic intrinsic abnormality of psoriatic neutrophils.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Arteriovenous fistula and forward hypertension in the portal circulation.

The notorious predilection for rupture of splenic artery aneurysms in women of childbearing age is once more stressed by this case report. Although such ruptures usually result in a catastrophic interabdominal bleeding, in rare instances they lead to the formation of an arteriovenous fistula and consequent portal hypertension. Arterialization of the portal vein results in a progressive development of intrinsic hepatic morphologic changes and hepatoportal sclerosis, which further elevate the pressure in the portal system. This combination of pathophysiologic hemodynamic features closely resembles the original concept of Banti. He postulated that portal hypertension began with pathologic changes within the spleen which were associated with an increased blood flow through this organ. This led to increased flow and pressure in the portal venous system and ultimately cumulated in cirrhosis of the liver. This concept of the pathophysiology of portal hypertension has been universally abandoned, but it could serve as a model of the sequelae of an arteriovenous communication within the portal system.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

New approach to the production of concentrated and purified inactivated polio and rabies tissue culture vaccines.

The preparation of inactivated polio and rabies vaccine in tissue culture has been developed into a "Unit Process" at our laboratory during recent years. The process comprises trypsinization of animal kidney cells by the perfusion method, cell/virus cultivation in microcarrier culture and concentration and purification of the virus suspension followed by inactivation. Also, the control tests on the virus suspensions and vaccines are performed, to the greatest possible extent, according to the same procedures. In the meantime, both vaccines thus prepared have been tested in man. High antibody titres have been obtained and no adverse reactions have been observed. The results of a field trial with inactivated poliovaccine, administered at different concentrations, will be presented by Dr Salk. Preliminary concepts for further development of the production and control of these inactivated virus vaccines are discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Killed poliovirus antigen titration in humans.

To establish the antigen content of a killed poliovirus vaccine sufficiently potent to induce immunity with one or two doses and to establish a reference standard vaccine which has been tested under field conditions, a titration was carried out in infants to determine the amount of each of the three antigenic types of poliovirus vaccine required to induce seroconversion with a single dose. It has been observed that over a critical range of antigen concentration there is an essentially linear relationship between antibody response and quantity of antigen administered. More than 90 percent of the groups studied had detectable antibody after receiving single injections of 80, 8 and 64 D-antigen units of Types I, II and III, respectively. Four-fold less antigen for each of the three types was less effective. The implications of these findings for an efficient immunization procedure are discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

A two-dose schedule for immunization of infants using a more concentrated DPT-vaccine.

In a controlled field-trial in infants in the Philippines, a two-dose schedule with an interval of 6 months between injections using a concentrated adsorbed DPT-vaccine was evaluated. The serologic response against the three components in the vaccine was satisfactory, whereas the side-effects in the concentrated vaccine group did not differ from those observed in a control DPT group. After two injections, the coverage percentage with DPT-vaccine was shown to be higher than 70%. Two implications of the introduction of the two-dose DPT-immunization schedule are discussed, i.e. (a) the possibility of using it as the nucleus of a complete schedule including immunization against poliomyelitis, BCG, smallpox and measles, and (b) the consequences which the interval of 6 months might have on the epidemiological spread of B. pertussis infections.

Age Factors↗