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Biomedical subjects

H Claus

Publications and source records attributed to H Claus.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium from animal husbandry.

Glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains were isolated from a pig farm and a poultry farm both using avoparcin as a food additive. Such organisms were not isolated in a hen's eggs-producing farm not using avoparcin. Glycopeptide-resistant enterococci were also detected in broiler chicken carcasses that were delivered to a hospital's kitchen. The resistance was determined by the vanA gene as indicated by the detection of the inducible 39-kDa cytoplasmic membrane protein and of a vanA-specific DNA sequence amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Genomic DNA fragment patterns of strains from animal sources were different from each other and also from those of strains isolated in hospitals and from sewage treatment plants. This findings suggest the dissemination of the vanA determinant among different enterococcal strains of distinct ecological origin.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of two different clusters of clonally related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains by conventional and molecular typing.

The DNA fragments of 28 distinct isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) originating from different hospitals in Warsaw and Lodz, were studied. They were obtained by cleavage with restriction endonuclease SmaI and subsequently analysed by pulsed-field electrophoresis. Sixteen different patterns were seen and clusters of related strains were clearly distinguishable. Minor differences in fragment patterns within these clusters and among epidemiologically related strains, revealed genomic rearrangements in the course of clonal dissemination of particular strains. The isolates were also checked for the expression of methicillin resistance. Isolates with heterogenous and homogeneous phenotypes, fell into clearly distinct clusters and thus formed two clonally related MRSA strains. Differences were also seen with phage and biochemical typing, and antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1994

[Nosocomial infections with the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in an average hospital--an 11-year analysis].

Nosocomial infections over an 11 years period were monitored prospectively in a district hospital. A total of nosocomial infections among 162.197 patients discharged from 1980-1990 were analyzed. The incidence rate of nosocomial infections was 3.6%. The predominant isolates were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (11%). The highest rates of S. aureus infections were established in wound infections and skin and mucosal infections at surgery, gynaecology and paediatrics departments. The number of multiply resistant S. aureus strains has decreased and those of sensitive isolates has increased. 72% of 652 S. aureus isolates have been typed by phage typing and biotyping. Statistical analysis could not establish a significant relationship between phage patterns and nosocomial infections. The spectrum of phage patterns of these nosocomial strains was the same as those of the endogenous colonization of men. Nosocomial outbreaks could not been realized.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1993

Unrelatedness of multiply resistant Staphylococcus aureus with resistance to methicillin and to quinolones (QR-MRSA) as evident from SmaI-digestion patterns of genomic DNA.

Methicillin-resistant S. aureus with quinolone-resistance (QR-MRSA) isolated in Germany from three outbreaks of nosocomial infections and from sporadic nosocomial infections in five hospitals exhibited different SmaI-restriction patterns of their genomic DNA. Phage-typing and determination of plasmid profiles performed in parallel confirmed this differentiation, with one exception. These results indicate that there is obviously no overregional spread of one particular QR-MRSA clone and that quinolone resistance has developed independently in different MRSA.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1992

DNA fingerprints of Pseudomonas spp. using rotating field electrophoresis.

Rotating field electrophoresis (RFE) was applied to evaluate the usefulness of this technique for identification of several Pseudomonas strains with suspected importance in deliberate releases. Genomes of common wild-type or genetically modified strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were digested with rare-cutting restriction endonucleases and subjected to pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Restrictions with SpeI or XbaI produced 11-28 large DNA fragments in the range of 50-500 kb pairs. The specific genomic fingerprints were different for most strains of the same species, but identical for closely related strains. Differences were not affected by the presence of natural or genetically modified plasmids.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1989

Hippocampal mossy fiber distribution and long-term potentiation in two inbred mouse strains.

We studied long-term potentiation in the inbred mouse strains DBA/2 and C3H/He known to be different in both hippocampal mossy fiber distribution and several aspects of learning. Tetanic stimulation of mossy fibers resulted in a significantly stronger increase of the population spike amplitude in the CA3 pyramidal cell layer of C3H mice. This result suggests that the extent of the CA3 hippocampal mossy fiber projection correlates with synaptic efficacy in mice.

Action Potentials↗