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Biomedical subjects

H Chen

Publications and source records attributed to H Chen.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Projection of diabetes burden through 2050: impact of changing demography and disease prevalence in the U.S.

OBJECTIVE: To project the number of people with diagnosed diabetes in the U.S. through 2050, accounting for changing demography and diabetes prevalence rates. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We combined age-, sex-, and race-specific diagnosed diabetes prevalence rates-predicted from 1980-1998 trends in prevalence data from the National Health Interview Survey-with Bureau of Census population demographic projections. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying both prevalence rate and population projections. RESULTS: The number of Americans with diagnosed diabetes is projected to increase 165%, from 11 million in 2000 (prevalence of 4.0%) to 29 million in 2050 (prevalence of 7.2%). The largest percent increase in diagnosed diabetes will be among those aged > or =75 years (+271% in women and +437% in men). The fastest growing ethnic group with diagnosed diabetes is expected to be black males (+363% from 2000-2050), with black females (+217%), white males (+148%), and white females (+107%) following. Of the projected 18 million increase in the number of cases of diabetes in 2050, 37% are due to changes in demographic composition, 27% are due to population growth, and 36% are due to increasing prevalence rates. CONCLUSIONS: If recent trends in diabetes prevalence rates continue linearly over the next 50 years, future changes in the size and demographic characteristics of the U.S. population will lead to dramatic increases in the number of Americans with diagnosed diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

SEM study on the dorsal lingual surface of the lesser dog-faced fruit bat, Cynopterus brachyotis.

The dorsal lingual surface of the lesser dog-faced fruit bat was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Filiform (Fi), fungiform (Fu) and vallate papillae (V) were observed. The Fi papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. The Fi papillae notably differed in morphology by their location on the tongue and could be classified into 5 types: 1) crown-like papillae, 2) giant trifid papillae, 3) scale-like papillae, 4) small conical papillae, and 5) large conical papillae. The Fu papillae were present rounded bodies on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. The lesser dog-faced fruit bat showed the triangular arrangement of the three V, with the apex of the triangle directed posteriorly.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effect of low calcium diet on the ultrastructure of the rat parathyroid gland.

Young female rats were fed with normal (1.18%) or low (0.05%) calcium diet for 3, 7, 15 or 30 days. The morphology of the parathyroid glands was studied together with serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and bone mineral density (BMD). As compared to the animals fed with the normal calcium diet, BMD of whole body of the rats fed with the low calcium diet was significantly decreased, whereas the serum PTH level was increased. The parathyroid glands in the rats fed with the low calcium diet were markedly enlarged. In the parathyroid chief cells of the rats fed with the low calcium diet, the Golgi complexes and the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum were well developed, while the large granules and large vacuolar bodies decreased. Some secretory granules located near the plasma membrane. A proportionally larger increase of the cytoplasm was estimated in the rats fed with the low calcium diet for three and seven days. Enlargement of the cytoplasm and rather frequent mitoses of the chief cells were observed in the rats fed with the low calcium diet for 15 and 30 days. These findings suggest that the rapid bone loss in young rats induced by the low calcium diet is essentially due to stimulated activity of the parathyroid gland. The stimulated gland may be a result of hypertrophy at the early stage and a combination of hypertrophy and hyperplasia at the later stage of calcium deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A case of the horseshoe kidney.

During cadaver dissection for student education in anatomy laboratory of Gifu University School of Medicine, a case of the horseshoe kidney was observed in a 63-year-old Japanese female cadaver. The kidney was fused at the lower poles of the original kidneys by the parenchymatous isthmus and showed a typical horseshoe shape. The hili on both sides opened towards the ventral direction, and the ureters descended in front of the isthmus and entered the bladder normally. The location of the kidney was lower than that of the normal kidney. Four surplus arteries entered the isthmus and the lower part of the kidney besides the normal right and left renal arteries. The incidence of the horseshoe kidney during the dissecting practice at Gifu University School of Medicine from 1971 to 1997 was estimated to be 0.36% (4 out of 1130 bodies).

Female↗
PubMed2001

Morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the newborn panther and Asian black bear.

The dorsal lingual surfaces of a newborn panther (Panthera pardus) and two newborn asian black bears (Selenarctos thibetanus) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tongues of the panther and asian black bear were about 40 mm in length and about 20 mm in width. Filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were found. The filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. In the panther, the filiform papillae on margin of the lingual apex were divided into two shapes which were horny or club-shaped papillae. The filiform papillae on the midportion were larger than those on the lateral region in size. The fungiform papillae also were divided into two shapes which were hemispherical or club-shaped papillae. In the asian black bear, the filiform papillae on the margin of the lingual apex were larger than those on margin of the panther tongue. The vallate papillae in the animals of two species were located on both sides of the posterior end of the lingual body. Each papilla was surrounded by a groove and crescent pad.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

In vivo effects of IL-4, IL-10, and amifostine on cytokine production in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.

Both IL-4 and IL-10 have been shown in vitro to inhibit leukemia cell secretion of IL-1beta, GM-CSF, and TNFalpha, and increase leukemia cell release of IL-1ra. In this study, we have investigated the in vivo effects of IL-4, IL-10, and amifostine on cytokine production in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Serum IL-1ra, IL-1beta, TNFalpha, GM-CSF, and SCF levels were measured in AML patients who received IL-4, IL-10, or amifostine. No significant changes in the serum levels of IL-1ra, IL-1beta, TNFalpha, GM-CSF, and SCF were found in AML patients who received amifostine. Both IL-4 and IL-10 were found to increase serum IL-1ra. This data is in accord with the in vitro studies. However, IL-4 increased serum GM-CSF levels and IL-10 increased serum IL-1beta and TNFalpha levels. These in vivo effects of the two cytokines differ from their in vitro effects. Despite the similar effects of IL-4 and IL-10 on cytokine production by AML cells in vitro, different effects were observed in AML patients in vivo. IL-4 increased serum SCF levels, whereas IL-10 decreased serum SCF levels. IL-4 increased serum GM-CSF levels, whereas IL-10 had no effect on them. Although IL-10 increased serum IL-1beta and TNFalpha levels, IL-4 had no effect on them. These findings indicate that the in vitro effects of IL-4 and IL-10 do not necessarily reflect their in vivo effects, and that the complex effects of the two cytokines on serum cytokine levels make it difficult to predict their therapeutic potential.

Amifostine↗
PubMed2001

Optimization of iron supplementation for enhanced detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in eggs.

Mixed raw egg contents were inoculated with approximately 10 CFU of Salmonella Enteritidis and supplemented with 0 to 7 mg of FeSO4 per g of egg contents. Egg contents were then incubated at 37 degrees C, and Salmonella Enteritidis colonies were enumerated for up to 106 h. Iron supplementation significantly enhanced the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis. Within the first 24 h of incubation, the optimum iron level for Salmonella Enteritidis growth in egg contents was between 0.2 and 2 mg of FeSO4 per g of egg contents. After 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Salmonella Enteritidis counts in eggs supplemented with 0.5 mg of FeSO4 per g of egg contents consistently reached approximately 1 x 10(9) CFU/ml, whereas Salmonella Enteritidis counts in eggs without iron supplementation varied from less than 5 CFU/ml to 8.4 x 10(6) CFU/ml. A 3 by 3 factorial design was used to study the effect of type of preenrichment and level of iron supplementation on the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg contents. No significant differences in Salmonella Enteritidis counts between preenrichment and nonpreenrichment treatments were observed when egg contents were supplemented with 0.5 mg of FeSO4 per g of egg contents. It was concluded that preenrichment was not necessary for isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis from eggs. The effect of iron supplementation on the sensitivity of detection by the direct plating method was investigated. The direct plating method detected a significantly higher percentage of Salmonella Enteritidis in raw egg contents supplemented with 0.5 mg of FeSO4 per g of egg contents (90%) than in raw egg contents without iron supplementation (63.3%).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Single nucleotide polymorphism in beta2-adrenoceptor gene and the distribution in Chinese Han ethnic group].

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to investigate single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in beta2-adrenoceptor(beta2-AR) gene and the distribution of these identified SNPs in Chinese Han ethnic group. METHODS: beta2-AR gene was sequenced to detect SNPs by fluorescent labeling automatic sequencing method in 80 unrelated samples from territory of Dabie Mountain in Anhui province. RESULTS: A total of 8 SNPs were identified in length of 3.8 kb, including 5 SNPs in code region, 3 SNPs in regulatory region. Although the variations, -468C to G, -367T to C, -47C to T,-20T to C, +79C to G, +100G to A, +491C to T, +1098T to C have been identified in other ethnic groups, they have not been found in our study. The allele distribution of SNPs is in good unity with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. CONCLUSION: The distribution of SNPs in beta2-AR gene is not equable and the SNPs in different ethnic groups differ greatly. The allele distribution of SNPs conforms well to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

Changes and significance of circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma patients after combined treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes and significance of circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after combined treatment of transarterial chemo-embolization(TACE) and percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI). METHODS: We detected 19 blood samples from the recurrent HCC patients by nested RT-PCR to find out AFP mRNA before and after the treatment. RESULTS: There were 7 patients with AFP mRNA positive before treatment (36.8%), and none of patients with AFP mRNA positive after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Combined treatment of TACE and PEI can effectively eliminate circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells and thereby prevent metastasis and recurrence of HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

BDNF enhances retinal ganglion cell survival in cats with optic nerve damage.

PURPOSE: To determine whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroprotectant in the small rat eye, might also serve as an effective neuroprotectant in larger vertebrate eyes. METHODS. A cat optic nerve crush model was combined with standard histologic staining and analysis techniques. Twenty-nine animals were studied, with the noninjected eye serving as the control eye. RESULTS: No treatment, or intravitreal injection of sterile water, resulted in an approximately 50% loss of ganglion cells 1 week after nerve crush. By contrast, the mean percentages of surviving ganglion cells measured in eyes receiving injections of 15, 30, 60, and 90 microg BDNF at the time of the nerve damage were 52%, 81%, 77%, and 70%, respectively. Similar values were obtained for ganglion cell density. Cell size measurements suggest a complex response among the different classes of cat ganglion cells; 30 microg BDNF treatment retained the highest number of large ganglion cells, whereas 90 microg minimized the loss of medium-sized neurons and retained normal proportions of large, medium, and small ganglion cells. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that BDNF is an effective neuroprotectant in primate-sized eyes after optic nerve injury. Although the amount required to achieve neuroprotection is much greater than that needed for the small rat eye (30 microg versus 0.5 microg), when differences in vitreal volume are considered, the effective dose is similar (0.01 microg BDNF/microl vitreal volume). High doses of BDNF induce inflammation and result in a decrease in total ganglion cell survival but appear necessary to save medium-sized neurons, which are affected most severely by nerve injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Effects of TNF-alpha on IL-8 mRNA expression in endothelial cells].

As a kind of chemokine, IL-8 plays an important role in inflammatory reaction. Its expression in endothelial cells is regulated by a variety of cytokines. In this study, after incubating cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) with TNF-alpha for different time, we employed RT-PCR to assay IL-8 mRNA expression and immunocytochemical staining to detect NF-kappa B activation in HUVECs. The results revealed: (1) IL-8 mRNA expressed little in untreated HUVECs; after HUVECs was pre-incubated with TNF-alpha for 1 hour, IL-8 mRNA expression increased greatly, and it increased further after pre-incubated for 3 hours; however, when HUVECs was pre-incubated with TNF-alpha for 6 hours, IL-8 mRNA expression decreased, and it almost decreased to basal level when pre-incubated for 9 hours; (2) the immunoreactivity of NF-kappa B p65 in the nuclei of untreated HUVECs was negative; it became positive in the nuclei of HUVECs pre-incubated with TNF-alpha for 1 hour and 3 hours; it became weak positive in the nuclei of HUVECs pre-incubated with TNF-alpha for 6 hours, and after 9 hours, pre-incubation, the immunoreactivity of NF-kappa B p65 in the nuclei of HUVECs was negative. These results implied that TNF-alpha was capable of inducing IL-8 gene expression and activation NF-kappa B. and Their time courses were similar, thus suggesting that the induction of IL-8 gene expression by TNF-alpha is probably due to the activation of NF-kappa B.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2001

[Effects of laminar shear stress on IL-8 mRNA expression in endothelial cells].

This study sought to demonstrate that IL-8 expression in endothelial cells is regulated by not only chemical factors but also mechanical factors. After pretreating cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with shear stress for different periods of time, we employed RT-PCR to assay IL-8 mRNA expression and immunocytochemical staining to detect NF-kappa B activation in HUVECs. The results showed: 1. IL-8 mRNA expressed little in HUVECs untreated or pretreated with low laiminar shear stress for 0.5 h; IL-8 mRNA expression increased when HUVECs were pretreated with low laminar shear stress for 1 h, and it increased further when HUVECs were pretreated for 2 h; 2. The immunoreactivity of NF-kappa B p65 in the nuclei of HUVECs untreated or pretreated with low laminar shear stress for 0.5 h was negative, while it became weak positive in the nuclei of HUVECs pretreated with shear stress for 1 h and positive in the nuclei of HUVECs pretreated for 2 h. The findings implied that low laminar shear stress was capable of inducing IL-8 gene expression and activating NF-kappa B, which were both time-dependent. The induction of IL-8 gene expression by laminar shear stress is probably due to the activation of NF-kappa B. On these grounds we come to the conclusion that IL-8 expression induced in endothelial cells by low shear stress may play an important role in the genesis and development of both inflammation and arterioatherosclerosis.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2001

[Antidepressant effect of water decoction of Rhizoma acori tatarinowii in the behavioural despair animal models of depression].

OBJECT: To assess the antidepressant effect of the water decoction of Rhizoma acori tatarinowii. METHODS: By using the rat forced swimming test and mouse tail suspension test models of depression, the antidepressant effect of Rhizoma acori tatarinowii was observed. RESULTS: The water decoction of Rhizoma acori tatarinowii and Fluoxetine significantly shortened motionless time of rat forced swimming and despair time of mouse tail suspension in the two behavioural despair animal models of depression. Antidepressant effect of water decoction of Rhizoma acori tatarinowii showed dose-dependence in the certain degree. The effect of water decoction of Rhizoma acori tatarinowii was weaker than that of Fluoxetine. There was a significant difference between every dose group of Rhizoma acori tatarinowii and saline control group. CONCLUSION: The water decoction of Rhizoma acori tatarinowii possessed obviously antidepressant effect in the behavioural despair animal models of depression.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Perforated Amyand's hernia.

We report a case of acute perforated appendicitis in an incarcerated inguinal hernia, termed an Amyand's hernia. Although perforated appendicitis within an incarcerated inguinal hernia is uncommon, with a published incidence of 0.13%, its clinical presentation varies considerably, depending on the extent of periappendicular inflammation and the presence or absence of peritoneal contamination.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[SEM study on the dorsal lingual surface of the nutria, Myocastor coypus].

The dorsal lingual surface of prenatal and postnatal nutria was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Filiform (Fi), fungiform (Fu), foliate (Fo) and vallate papillae (Va) were observed. The Fi differed in morphology by their location on the tongue and could be classified into 3 types: 1) conical, 2) long, and 3) short filiform papillae. The Fu were scattered among the Fi. Many Fo were observed on the posterolateral regions of the tongue. There were 2 Va separating the anterior 2/3 from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue. The rudiments of Fu, Fo and Va were visible earlier than those of the Fi.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Effects of exposure to low-level benzene and its analogues on reproductive hormone secretion in female workers].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of exposure to low level of mixed benzene on reproductive hormone secretion during menstrual cycle in female workers. METHODS: Concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene in the expiratory air of 50 exposed female workers from their breathing zone were determined with gas chromatography. Their menstrual cycles of 50 exposed workers and 35 internal control and 35 external control workers were studied prospectively. Urine pregnandiol-3-glucuronide (PdG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrone conjugate (E1C) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Mixed benzene existed mainly in the form of low-level benzene in the air of workplaces, with a detection rate of 29.10% at an average level of 8.88 (0.90-876.47) mg/m3, and 21% of measurements exceeded the national maximum allowable concentration with the highest one as 20.91 folds high as that of the national hygienic standard. Length of luteal phase in the exposed group (13.7 +/- 1.5) days was significantly shorter than that in the internal and external control groups (14.5 +/- 1.2) days and (15.2 +/- 1.1) days (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Urine level of E1C before ovulation, that of FSH at early follicular phase and that of PdG in luteal phase after ovulation in the exposed group were significantly lower than those in the internal control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Exposure to low level of mixed benzene in workspaces could interrupt the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and affect their normal levels of FSH, PdG and E1C.

Adult↗