Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Chabrol

Publications and source records attributed to H Chabrol.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Pregnancy and birth experiences in 12 women undergoing IVF].

OBJECTIVE: Medical interventions during the perinatal period are psychologically difficult for women and research has shown this is true as well for in-vitro fertilization procedures (IVF). This study examined the impact of IVF and different medical interventions, common to both non-pathological pregnancies and IVF, through the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve women undergoing IVF evaluated their experience of pregnancy and birth using measures of post-partum depression, maternal self-esteem, and semi-directive interviews. RESULTS: The results showed that the number of medical interventions is correlated with higher scores of post-partum depression as well as lowered scores in maternal self-esteem. Qualitative analyses of interviews showed that IVF has a complex and unique psychological impact. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this study underline the need for specific psychological support for women undergoing IVF treatment.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed2002

[Patterns of use, cannabis beliefs and dependence: study of 159 adolescent users].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the connections between the frequency and patterns of cannabis use and dependence, and the beliefs linked to cannabis use in a sample of adolescents. METHOD: In 2001, 285 high school students (163 boys, 122 girls; mean age = 17.5 +/- 1.1 years) completed questionnaires assessing the patterns of cannabis use, and the symptoms of dependence and abuse, using a questionnaire derived from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Cannabis-related beliefs were assessed using the Beliefs Questionnaire for Drug Addiction. RESULTS: Frequency of subjects who reported having used cannabis during the last year was 65.4% of boys and 42.6% of girls. Among users, 53.6% of boys and 39.3% of girls were regular users, 10.6% of boys and 7.8% of girls being daily users. Almost half of the users reported other means of consumption than "joints", in particular water-pipes or "bongs" (34.5% of boys, 26.4% of girls). Among users, near of 33% of boys and girls met the criteria for cannabis dependence. Dependence was more frequent in users practicing other means of consumption than "joints", increasing to 51% for "bong" users. Expectancies of pleasure or relief, and permissive beliefs reflecting the perception of cannabis use as risk free were higher in users and, particularly, in subjects with cannabis dependence. Regression analysis showed that these beliefs were the strongest predictors of cannabis use and dependence. Predictors of use in the total sample were expectancies of pleasure and permissive beliefs, being a male and the age of the subject. Predictors of dependence among users were expectancies of relief, frequency of use, and use of other means of consumption than "joints". CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use in adolescents appeared to be characterized by the frequency of use, consumption by means other than "joints" and by the frequency of dependence. Cannabis use and dependence are linked to expectancies and permissive beliefs that could be targeted for prevention and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prevention and treatment of post-partum depression: a controlled randomized study on women at risk.

BACKGROUND: Research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of prevention and treatment for post-partum depression. METHOD: Subjects were screened with the Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS) at the obstetric clinic. Mothers at risk (N = 258) (EPDS scores > or = 9) were randomly assigned to a prevention/treatment group or a control group. The prevention group received one cognitive-behavioural prevention session during hospitalization. At 4 to 6 weeks post-partum, subjects were screened again with the EPDS, after drop-out rates (refusals plus no return of the second EPDS) of 25.4% (33/130) in the intervention group and 10.9% (14/128) in the control group. Mothers with probable depression (EPDS scores > or = 11) were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Mothers with major depression continued in the treatment group (N = 18) or in the control group (N = 30). Treated subjects received a cognitive-behavioural programme of between five and eight weekly home-visits. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, women in the prevention group had significant reductions in the frequency of probable depression (30.2 % v. 48.2%). Recovery rates based on HDRS scores of < 7 and BDI scores of < 4 were also significantly greater in the treated group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that this programme for prevention and treatment of post-partum depression is reasonably well-accepted and efficacious.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

About orlistat.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Obesity Agents↗
PubMed2001

Frequency of borderline personality disorder in a sample of French high school students.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in French high school students. METHOD: A random sample of high school students (n = 1363) ranging in age from 13 to 20 years agreed to complete a questionnaire, the Screening Test for Comorbid Personality Disorders (STCPD); 107 of them volunteered to be interviewed. We assessed this group using the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB-R). We conducted a regression analysis to determine a cut-off for BPD diagnosis with the STCPD. RESULTS: We estimated the overall frequency of BPD to be 10% for boys and 18% for girls. After a peak of frequency at age 14 years for both sexes, the frequency increased significantly again in late adolescence. CONCLUSION: This study found a high frequency of BPD in French adolescents, which adds to questions regarding the validity of diagnosing this disorder in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Study of nicotine dependence among 342 adolescent smokers].

OBJECTIVE: This research evaluated nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers, their motivation to smoke and/or stop smoking, and their knowledge of how to stop smoking as well as the potential difficulties involved. METHOD: Three hundred forty-two high school students completed questionnaires using two measures of dependence (the Fagerstrom tolerance test and a visual-analog self-evaluation scale), a test to measure motivation to smoke (the Horn test), and a questionnaire exploring motivations to stop smoking, methods used to stop smoking, and the anticipated difficulties. RESULTS: On the Fagerstrom tolerance test, 14.6% of the students indicated strong dependence, whereas 32.3% indicated intermediate dependence. The Fagestrom score was strongly correlated to the self-evaluation test (r = 0.54, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the subjects' ages at the onset of smoking (r = -0.28, P < 0.001). The Horn test revealed that the main motivation to smoke is the search for relaxation and a decrease of negative emotions, indicating that cigarette smoking is primarily a means to manage stress and anxiety. Eighty-nine percent of the subjects stated that they would like to stop smoking, primarily because of the financial cost and health concerns. Among those subjects wishing to stop, 64.5% had previously tried to stop and had failed and 72% believed that it would be 'difficult' or 'very difficult' to stop. The main anticipated difficulties were an increase in stress and anxiety and, for the girls, weight gain. The anticipation of these difficulties was strongly correlated to dependence scores (r = 0.43, P < 0.001). Despite awareness of these difficulties, only 19.6% of the subjects wishing to stop smoking expected to seek medical assistance. For most of the measured variables, there was no difference between boys and girls. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the seriousness of tobacco consumption in adolescence. The results suggest the need for early programs aimed at preventing or delaying onset of use as well as the need to develop programs to aid high school students to stop smoking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Splitting and the psychodynamics of adolescent and young adult suicide attempts.

The authors point to a link between the contradictory meanings and functions of adolescent and young adult suicide attempts and splitting mechanisms that may explain the normal coexistence of opposite tendencies. They argue that suicide attempts of young people reveal a deadlock in development, in which individuation and the need for dependence are equally intolerable because of the arousal of anxiety linked to persecution or abandonment. The sexualisation of the body and of intimate relationships engenders a risk of psychic decompensation, which is temporarily set aside through the reinforcement of splitting and denial; the suicide attempt, however, is precipitated by conditions that provoke a traumatic return of that which has been split-off and denied. Suicide attempts thus represent an act of compromise, the object of which is to avoid psychic disorganisation through the re-establishment of a precarious equilibrium between antithetical tendencies that splitting can simultaneously address. In particular, suicide may represent an attempt at individuation and flight from incest while at that same time satisfying fusion needs and the realisation of oedipal fantasies. Clinical examples are presented to illustrate the manifestation and the function of splitting in young people's suicide attempts.

Adolescent↗