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Biomedical subjects

H Campos

Publications and source records attributed to H Campos.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Preventive treatment of rejection by the prolonged administration of OKT3: decrease of the immune response of the host].

Clinical use of OKT3 for the treatment of ongoing rejection episodes has already been demonstrated as being highly effective. This work shows for the first time that combining azathioprine and OKT3 was able to delay as well as to decrease both the intensity and the quality of the anti-OKT3 immunization, allowing a 1-month prophylactic use of the MoAb. It also proves that OKT3 used prophylactically during one month can lead to 4-year first cadaver graft and patient survival rates better than those ever reported with any other immunosuppressive regimen. These results were obtained with lower doses of steroids and other immunosuppressive agents than in conventionally treated control patients. After the first two injections of OKT3, tolerance was perfect allowing out-hospital administration, and side effects consisted only in an increased number of viral infections instead of the bacterial infections observed in the conventional treatment groups. The prophylactic use of OKT3 should give even better results if it were possible to reach a 1-month administration schedule in all patients by modulating the dose of OKT3 according to the T3+ cell count and the monitoring of serum OKT3 levels.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

[Abnormal concentration of aluminium in the lysosomes of a primary parathyroid adenoma].

A primitive parathyroid adenoma has been studied by electron microscopy, analytical ion microscopy and electron probe X ray analysis. A number of lysosomal structures has been observed in the cells. Observation of unstained ultrathin sections shows that these lysosomes contain two varieties of structures: dense homogeneous droplets and very dense and small granulations. Aluminium associated with phosphorus has been detected in high concentration in the small granulations. The relations between aluminium and parathyroid function and the possible role of aluminium in the pathology of the parathyroid gland remain to be clarified.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of allograft perfusion by radionuclide first-pass study in renal failure following renal transplantation.

To assess the diagnostic value of indices measured on a first-pass curve, we performed 72 radionuclide renal first-pass studies (RFP) in 21 patients during the early weeks following renal allograft transplantation. The diagnosis was based on standard clinical and biochemical data and on fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the transplant. Aortic and renal first-pass curves were filtered using a true low-pass filter and five different indices of renal perfusion were computed, using formulae from the literature. Statistical analysis performed on the aortic and renal indices indicated excellent reproducibility of the isotopic study. Although renal indices presented a rather large scatter, they all discriminated well between normal and rejection. Three indices have a particularly good diagnostic value. In the discrimination between rejection and Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN), only one index gave satisfying results. The indices, however, indicate that there are probably ATN with an alternation of renal perfusion and rejection episodes where perfusion is almost intact. We conclude that radionuclide first-pass study allows accurate and reproducible quantitation of renal allograft perfusion. The measured parameters are helpful to followup the course of a post-transplantation renal failure episode and to gain more insight into renal ischemia following transplantation.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

Prophylactic use of OKT3 monoclonal antibody in cadaver kidney recipients. Utilization of OKT3 as the sole immunosuppressive agent.

We describe the first clinical trial of OKT3, a monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody, for prevention of kidney transplant rejection. 13 patients receiving a first cadaveric kidney transplant were randomly assigned to conventional treatment with azathioprine and high-dose steroids (7 patients) or to treatment with daily injection of OKT3 alone (6 patients). The first OKT3 injection resulted in a dramatic decrease in T3+, T4+, and T8+ cells, while patients simultaneously experienced fever, chills, and diarrhea. These symptoms did not recur with subsequent injections. All six OKT3-treated patients had a rejection necessitating introduction of steroids 12.8 +/- 2.9 days after surgery. Rejection was related to appearance of anti-OKT3 antibodies leading to disappearance of detectable OKT3 in the serum. Modulating (T3-, T4+ or T3-, T8+) cells were observed in all patients but were functionally inactive. As no rejection was observed before day 9 posttransplant, despite the lack of additional immunosuppressive agents, we conclude that OKT3 is a powerful, well-tolerated immunosuppressive agent. However, it is highly immunogenic and anti-OKT3 antibodies lead to loss of clinical effectiveness in this protocol. The use of OKT3 alone for prevention of kidney graft rejection cannot be recommended until a method for reducing the effects of anti-OKT3 immunization is developed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Azathioprine withdrawal in renal transplant recipients. A long-term follow-up.

Azathioprine (AZTP) must sometimes be discontinued in cadaveric kidney recipients. Long-term survival of patients after AZTP withdrawal is questionable, and many groups consider that maintenance treatment with AZTP is preferable to its discontinuation despite potential severe side effects. In our group AZTP had to be discontinued in 39 recipients of first renal allografts (30 cadaver kidney recipients, 9 living-related recipients) because of severe liver disease or cancer. The median follow-up period after AZTP withdrawal was 32 months, ranging from 5 to 84 months. Deterioration of renal function, which occurred in 11 (28.2%) patients, was more frequently observed in recipients of an incompatible graft (2-4 HLA-A and B mismatches (P = 0.02)). The graft survival rate of 56.9% at 10 years for the whole group of patients compares favorably with the 63.2% graft survival rate of a matched control group of 79 patients. Thus, AZTP may be discontinued whenever required without increasing the rate of graft loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Binding of erythromycin base to human plasma proteins.

The binding of erythromycin base (EB) to human plasma (HP) proteins was measured by equilibrium dialysis using EB-14C at approximately 0.5 microgram/ml in the plasma phase, expected therapeutic concentration. EB was 64.5 +/- 0.4% (mean +/- S.D.) bound to HP. The percentage of bound EB was linearly related to the logarithm of HP dilution. Physiological concentrations linearly related to the logarithm of HP dilution. Physiological concentrations of human serum albumin (HSA) and a1 acid glycoprotein (a1AGP) bound 8.7 +/- 1.6 and 54.5 +/- 0.6%, respectively, of the drug. No binding of EB to HDL or LDL or human gamma globulins was found. For HSA separately, EB binding followed a non-saturable phenomenon with n'K' = 100 +/- 5, while for a1AGP the binding was following a saturable phenomenon with n" = 1 +/- 0.045, K" = 35,000 +/- 5000 M-1. It can then be shown that, in human plasma, EB is only bound to those two proteins: firstly by computing the binding of EB to HSA and a1AGP with the previously indicated parameters, and secondly by measuring the binding of EB to HP. The computed curve fairly fits to the measured one. Interaction of EB with HP involved hydrophobic, ionic and hydrogen forces. Lower than 37 degrees C temperatures decreased EB binding. Significant competitive binding was demonstrated between EB and acetylsalicylic acid, furosemide, phenylbutazone, warfarin and bilirubin.

Aspirin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relations of body habitus, fitness level, and cardiovascular risk factors including lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in a rural and urban Costa Rican population.

Increased general and abdominal obesity has been independently associated with diabetes, increased risk of stroke, and coronary artery disease (CAD). It is more prevalent in developed countries and in urban areas of nonindustrialized nations than in less developed and rural areas. To evaluate the associations between general and abdominal obesity (as determined by total body fat, waist to hip ratio, umbilical to triceps ratio, and umbilical to subscapular ratio) with glucose, plasma lipoproteins, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and B concentrations, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size (LDL 1-7), we randomly selected 222 men and 243 women from rural and urban areas of Puriscal, Costa Rica. Abdominal obesity, as assessed by the waist to hip ratio, was independently and significantly associated with higher triglyceride levels (p less than 0.01) and with lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p less than 0.05) in men and women and with higher glucose levels (p less than 0.05) and smaller LDL particle size (p less than 0.01) in women. Abdominal obesity, as assessed by the umbilical to subscapular ratio, was independently and significantly associated with higher total cholesterol (p less than 0.005) and apo B (p less than 0.01) levels. Umbilical to triceps ratio was positively associated with blood pressure in men. Urban men had increased general and abdominal obesity (p less than 0.0001), number of cigarettes smoked per day (p less than 0.0001), and diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05) and had a decreased fitness level (p less than 0.0001) as well as higher (p less than 0.05) plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations and lower (p less than 0.05) apo A-I and HDL cholesterol levels compared with rural men. The differences between rural and urban women were not as striking. Urban women had increased general and abdominal obesity, glucose, and apo B levels (p less than 0.05) and a decreased fitness level (p less than 0.0001). Our data indicate that general and abdominal obesity, increased cigarette smoking, diastolic blood pressure, and decreased fitness level are more prevalent in an urban than in a rural area in Costa Rica, particularly in men. The higher prevalence of such risk factors in the urban area is associated with a more atherogenic plasma lipoprotein profile.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutrient intake comparisons between Framingham and rural and Urban Puriscal, Costa Rica. Associations with lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and low density lipoprotein particle size.

To assess cross-cultural relations between dietary intake and plasma lipoproteins, we randomly selected 222 men and 243 women from the urban and rural areas of Puriscal, Costa Rica; related their dietary composition (assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire), fitness level, and body fat to plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size; and compared these data with those from a subsample of 280 adults from the Framingham Offspring Study. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly (p less than 0.0001) higher in Framingham (207 and 137 mg/dl, respectively) than in Puriscal (184 and 114 mg/dl, respectively) residents. Elevated triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels (25% and 16% higher), low HDL cholesterol and apo A-I levels (12% and 29% lower), and smaller LDL particles (17%) were more frequent in Puriscal than in Framingham residents. Urban Puriscal residents had a significantly lower fitness level; increased body fat, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; decreased HDL cholesterol in men; and higher apo B levels in women compared with rural Puriscal residents. Body fat, animal fat, and saturated fat intakes were significantly correlated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apo B levels in both men and women in Puriscal. Intakes of protein and animal fat were higher among urban (10.7% and 14.1%, respectively) compared with rural (8.9% and 9.9%, respectively) Puriscal residents and in Framingham (16.0% and 20.8%, respectively) compared with Puriscal residents. No significant differences were found in dietary cholesterol. Saturated fat (largely from palm oil in Puriscal) intakes were significantly different among the three groups: rural Puriscal, 10.7% of calories; urban Puriscal, 11.6%; and Framingham residents, 12.9%. These data indicate that the more atherogenic plasma lipid profile among urban compared with Puriscal residents was largely explained by increased adiposity, decreased fitness level, and higher saturated fatty acid intake. Puriscal residents consumed less animal fat and more carbohydrate than did Framingham residents, and these differences were associated with a 21% lower LDL cholesterol level, a 12% lower HDL cholesterol level, a 29% lower apo A-I level, a 25% higher triglyceride level, a 16% higher apo B level, and a 17% smaller LDL particle size. Some of these cross-cultural differences may be due to differences in ethnic background and physical activity as well.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of gender, age, and lipid status on low density lipoprotein subfraction distribution. Results from the Framingham Offspring Study.

The presence of low molecular weight low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in plasma has been associated with premature coronary artery disease. In this study we have examined factors affecting LDL subfraction distribution as determined by 2% to 16% polyacrylamide-agarose gradient gel electrophoresis of whole plasma in a normal, primarily middle-aged, population of adult male and female participants (n = 280, ages 25 to 75 years) in the Framingham Offspring Study. Seven major LDL bands (LDL-1 to LDL-7) were observed in different individuals, with most subjects having either one or two major bands. The presence of low molecular weight LDL (LDL-4 to LDL-7) in plasma as the predominant LDL type was significantly more common in men than in women (43.5% versus 14.8%, p less than 0.001). The presence of low molecular weight LDL was correlated (p less than 0.01) with increased age, plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (in women only), and apolipoprotein (apo) B concentrations, as well as with decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apo A-I levels. Approximately 69% of the variability in LDL subfractions could be accounted for by alterations in plasma triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels. These data are consistent with the concept that LDL subfraction distribution is influenced by gender and plasma lipoprotein levels and can be determined readily by the use of whole plasma.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia in hemodialyzed patients: a multicentric study].

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) therapy was given to 25 patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis, for 12 weeks, in 5 Brazilian dialysis centers. The dose of rHu-EPO was given intravenously thrice weekly, initially at 50 Units/kg/dose. If the target hemoglobin concentration (10g/dL) was not achieved by four weeks the dose was increased to 75 and 100 Units/kg/dose. After 4 weeks hemoglobin concentration had achieved 10g/dL in only one patient, and, after 8 weeks, 10 patients (40% of all cases) had hemoglobin levels higher than the target concentration. After 12 weeks, the hemoglobin increased from 7.1 +/- 1.1 to 9.6 +/- 1.2 g/dL, the target hemoglobin concentration was achieved in 15 patients (60% of all cases). There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in hematocrit (from 22 +/- 4 to 31 +/- 4 vol%), in body weight (from 55.03 +/- 12.24 to 56.16 +/- 12.86kg), and in serum phosphorus (from 5.85 +/- 2.02 to 6.82 +/- 2.34 mg/dL). There were no significant changes in blood pressure, serum levels of creatinine, of potassium, and of transferrin. Increase in blood pressure (in 3 patients), fever (in 2 patients), increase in the heparin dose needs (in 2 cases), and vascular access thrombosis (in 1 patient) were the most important adverse effects observed during rHu-EPO therapy. Thus, the anemia of chronic renal failure may be easily corrected with adequate amounts of recombinant human erythropoietin. Attention must be paid to some adverse effects during reversal of anemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration of retroperitoneal human dirofilariasis with a pseudotumoral presentation.

The accidental finding of a pseudotumoral para-aortic mass in a 60-year-old woman led to the performance of a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy under ultrasonographic guidance. The milky aspirate was centrifuged and processed as a cell block. The examination of sections confirmed the lymphatic origin of the sample, but also revealed some unexpected parasitic structures. While a complete identification could not be made on a few sections, the morphologic and epidemiologic evidence suggested Dirofilaria repens. The mass was surgically removed and identified as an adenolymphocele, which appears to be a new localization of dirofilariasis in humans. This case emphasizes the utility of FNA in diagnosing such unexpected findings without the use for exploratory surgery.

Animals↗