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Biomedical subjects

H C Neu

Publications and source records attributed to H C Neu.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effect of trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on development of drug-resistant vaginal and fecal floras.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) or trimethoprim (TMP) alone was given on a random double-blind basis to 26 young women to treat urinary tract infections. Fecal and introital aerobic bacterial floras were identified at 1, 7, 14, and 42 days to analyze changes in these floras or development of resistance to TMP or TM-SMX. Neither TMP alone nor the TMP-SMX combination administered for 2 weeks selected a resistant fecal or introital flora. In the few individuals who had strains resistant to TMP or TMP-SMX before initiation of therapy, these organisms did not persist once therapy began. Both programs effectively cleared the introitus and rectal areas of Enterobacteriaceae. Concentrations of TMP adequate to inhibit the majority of Escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infections were found in the vaginal secretions.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime, a beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin.

The in vitro activity of ceftizoxime was compared with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics against 538 isolates. Ceftizoxime was the most active agent tested against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella, inhibiting 80% at 0.025 microgram/ml. It was more active than cefotaxime against Enterobacter cloacae and E. aerogenes. Ceftizoxime was more active than cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and carbenicillin against Proteus mirabilis and indole-positive Proteus. It inhibited 97% of multiresistant Serratia isolates at 12.5 microgram/ml, whereas cefotaxime inhibited only 19%. Ceftizoxime was less active than cefotaxime and cefoperazone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but was more active than carbenicillin. It was more active than cefotaxime and cefoxitin against Bacteroides. It was not appreciably destroyed by beta-lactamases of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, or Pseudomonas.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1980

In vitro activity of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol analogs.

The in vitro activity of three fluorine analogs of chloramphenicol in which the hydroxyl group at position 3 had been replaced with a fluorine was compared with that of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. Compound SCH 24893 was the most active agent against staphylococci and Bacteroides strains, and compound SCH 25298 was the most active against Haemophilus, Neisseria, enterococcus, and Klebsiella strains. Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to chloramphenicol were resistant to the compounds. The agents inhibited all of the Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus strains resistant to chloramphenicol. They inhibited most (82%) of Escherichia coli and half of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains which were resistant to chloramphenicol. Isolates in which resistance to chloramphenicol was shown to be plasmic mediated and due to chloramphenicol transacetylase were inhibited by all three agents.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

Synergistic activity of piperacillin in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors.

Clavulanic acid and a penicillanic acid sulfone, when combined individually with piperacillin, synergistically inhibited various Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacteroides fragilis. Clavulanic acid and piperacillin synergistically inhibited 91 of 170 (55%) isolates tested. Synergy was most often found against piperacillin-resistant bacteria: 65 of 69 isolates (94%). Although the penicillanic acid sulfone acted synergistically with piperacillin, inhibiting 62 of 170 strains (33%), the concentration of clavulanic acid required for synergy generally was less than that of penicillanic acid sulfone. Combination of piperacillin and cefotaxime, an inhibitor of type 1 beta-lactamases, rarely was synergistic and was antagonistic for several species. The combination of piperacillin with potent beta-lactamase inhibitors made piperacillin active against those isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella and Bacteroides species, as well as selected other species, that are resistant to piperacillin by virtue of their production of beta-lactamases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Rapid, reproducible enzyme immunoassay for gentamicin.

An enzyme immunoassay for gentamicin utilizing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was compared to the radioimmunoassay. The enzyme immunoassay for gentamicin was accurate, specific, and easily performed. It offers an ulternative method to assay aminoglycosides and could be used in institutions using enzyme immunoassay to assay other drugs.

Gentamicins↗
PubMed1980

Late hematogenous infection of total joint replacement.

Late deep wound infection secondary to hematogenous spread of bacteria from a distant focus is an infrequent but devastating complication of total joint replacement. Nine patients (ten implants) with documented late hematogenous infection are reported, all of whom demonstrated several characteristic features. The initial operation was free of clinical evidence of infection and a long asymptomatic interval ensued, followed by a definite febrile illness and acute joint pain. The source of the infection often was not recognized until late and prophylactic antibiotics were not given when it was identified. Seven of the ten implants had to be removed. The primary responsibility for the prevention of this devastating complication lies with the surgeon, who must inform each patient of the risk of late hematogenous seeding from infection elsewhere in the body. It is also important to pay special attention to patients who are at particularly high risk, such as those with rheumatoid arthritis or other systemic diseases. A knowledge of the bacterial flora of the various areas of the human body is essential in choosing the appropriate prophylactic antibiotic.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Kinetics of intravenous amoxicillin in patients on long-term dialysis.

The kinetics of intravenous amoxicillin was studied in 8 patients with creatinine clearances of less than 7 ml/min who were on long-term hemodialysis. Kinetic parameters were determined using a 2-compartment linear model. The serum half-life (t1/2) of amoxicillin in these patients ranged from 7.5 to 21 hr. The t1/2 fell to 2.84 +/- 0.45 hr during dialysis. Approximately 30% of the dose was recovered in the dialysate during 4 hr of dialysis and there was a 25% reduction per hour in serum concentration. We present a dosage schedule for intravenous amoxicillin in patients with reduced renal function who are undergoing hemodialysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Kinetics of intravenous mezlocillin in chronic hemodialysis patients.

The kinetics of intravenous mezlocillin was studied in 8 patients with creatinine clearances under 7 ml/min who were undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Kinetic parameters were determined using a 2-compartment linear model. The mezlocillin serum half-life (t 1/2) in these patients ranged from 2.9 to 7.8 hr (mean, 5.4). The t 1/2 decreased to 1.57 +/- 0.09 hr during dialysis. Approximately 18% of the dose was recovered in the dialysate in 4 hr of dialysis. There was a 30% reduction per hour in serum concentration. The kinetics of mezlocillin, due to removal by nonrenal mechanisms, more closely resemble the kinetics of penicillin G and ampicillin than of carbenicillin and ticarcillin. A dosage schedule for use of intravenous mezlocillin in patients undergoing hemodialysis is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lepromatous leprosy masquerading as disseminated tuberculosis.

A patients with disseminated leprosy is described. A 57 year old man from Cuba presented with fever and pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspirate showed numerous acid-fast bacilli and a liver biopsy specimen contained multiple granulomas. The patient was considered to have tuberculosis and was treated with isoniazid and rifampin, with initial clinical improvement, only to have the fever recur and to show deterioration in hematologic and hepatic function. Failure to grow M. tuberculosis suggested a diagnosis of leprosy which was proved by skin biopsy. How lepromatous leprosy can masquerade as disseminated tuberculosis is discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

Clinical evaluation of netilmicin therapy in serious infections.

Netilmicin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside, was evaluated in the therapy of 33 episodes of infection in 30 patients. Eighteen patients had documented bacteremia. Infection sites included pulmonary, urinary tract and soft tissue areas. A complete bacteriologic and clinical cure rate of 85 per cent was achieved. No treatment failures occurred in the bacteremic group. Although netilmicin is less effective than gentamicin in vitro against Pseudomonas, it was clinically and bacteriologically effective. Netilmicin bacteriologic cures occurred in patients whose organisms were inhibited by 6.2 microgram/ml or less of netilmicin. Despite a uniform dosing protocol, a wide range of netilmicin serum levels was obtained. Adverse effects were limited to one case of transient nephrotoxicity and one Candida urinary suprainfection. Netilmicin appears to be an effective, safe agent for the therapy of serious infections.

Adult↗