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Biomedical subjects

H C Neu

Publications and source records attributed to H C Neu.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The in-vitro activity of O-demethylfortimicin.

The activity of O-demethylfortimicin against ampicillin, cefazolin and carbenicillin resistant bacteria was determined. O-Demethylfortimicin showed excellent in-vitro activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Ent. agglomerans, Ent. aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella, and Providencia inhibiting these organisms at less than or equal to 3.1 mg/l. It was particularly effective against Ent. cloacae and Serratia marcescens that were resistant to cefotaxime, cefoperazone and moxalactam. O-Demethylfortimicin did not show particularly good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acinetobacter or other Pseudomonas species, MIC90 values were 100 mg/l. Combination of O-demethylfortimicin and ticarcillin or cefsulodin tested against Ps. aeruginosa were primarily indifferent. Combination of O-demethylfortimicin and ticarcillin showed partial synergy for 65% of Enterobacter isolates.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1983

The role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infections.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an organism ubiquitous in nature, has assumed an increasingly prominent role as the aetiological agent in serious infections in hospitalized patients. Pseudomonas has a number of pathogenic properties, which include its capsule, exotoxin A and various proteases. Although normal individuals infrequently carry this organism as part of their flora, patients with burns, malignancy, and after surgery often are colonized and subsequently infected with Pseudomonas. Infections produced by Pseudomonas include bacteraemia, respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, osteomyelitis, and infections of burns and soft tissues. Because of the resistance properties of Pseudomonas, therapy has been difficult. However, the development of highly effective antipseudomonas penicillins has brightened the picture. Nonetheless great progress can still be made in control and prevention of serious Pseudomonas infection.

Burns↗
PubMed1983

The use of azlocillin to treat serious infections.

Azlocillin, a semisynthetic ureidopenicillin that inhibits many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and many Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbenicillin, was used to treat 23 episodes of infection in 20 patients. The majority of the patients had severe underlying diseases, including marked reduction in renal function in a number of the patients. Infection sites were lung, urinary tract, skin and primary bacteraemia. Seven patients had bacteraemia. Clinical cure or improvement was achieved in 87% of infections, all patients with bacteraemia due to Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria spp. and Streptococcus faecalis were cured. Cure was achieved with azlocillin against carbenicillin-resistant Ps. aeruginosa infections. Serum and urine levels were easily maintained in excess of the accepted minimal inhibitory concentrations of the susceptible organism (less than or equal to 64 mg/l). Adverse effects were minor. Azlocillin was a safe, well-tolerated and effective agent to treat suspected or proven infections due to Ps. aeruginosa and other susceptible bacteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Synergy of azlocillin with aminoglycosides.

The combination of azlocillin and the aminoglycosides amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin was synergistic. The FIC index was less than or equal to 0.5 for 28 to 42% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates tested and with an additive FIC index greater than 0.5-1 for 53 to 63% of the isolates. Antagonism was not encountered. Isolates resistant to azlocillin (MIC greater than 100 mg/l) were more often synergistically inhibited by the combination of azlocillin and an aminoglycoside. The concentrations of antibiotics that synergistically inhibited Pseudomonas were those readily achieved in man. The combination of azlocillin and aminoglycosides prevented regrowth of isolates that grew after initial suppression by the antibiotics alone.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

beta-Lactamase inhibitory activity of iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate.

Iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate were shown to be effective inhibitors of a variety of beta-lactamases. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were synergistically inhibited by iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate combined with ampicillin. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was not synergistically inhibited. Escherichia coli which possessed TEM beta-lactamase activity had a reduction in ampicillin minimal inhibitory concentration, but an E. coli isolate which had chromosomal beta-lactamase and a low ampicillin minimal inhibitory concentration showed no reduction in ampicillin minimal inhibitory concentration with either iodopenicillanate or bromopenicillanate. Of the Klebsiella isolates tested, 80% were synergistically inhibited by both iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate. Most Morganella isolates were synergistically inhibited by either iodopenicillanate or bromopenicillanate combined with ampicillin, as were many Salmonella, Shigella, Citrobacter diversus, and Citrobacter freundii isolates. No Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were synergistically inhibited by iodopenicillanate or bromopenicillanate. Preincubation did not improve the inhibitory activity of iodopenicillanate or bromopenicillanate.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefodizime, an aminothiazolyl iminomethoxy cephalosporin.

Cefodizime, an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin similar to moxalactam and ceftazidime, was less active (minimal inhibitory concentration, 1.6 to 12 micrograms) than cefazolin or cefotaxime against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It inhibited Haemophilus and Neisseria spp. at less than 0.5 microgram/ml. It did not inhibit methicillin-resistant staphylococci, enterococci, or Listeria spp. and was 8- to 32-fold less active than cefotaxime, moxalactam, or ceftazidime against Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia spp., and Serratia spp. Cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, and Proteus vulgaris were resistant to cefodizime. Cefodizime was less active than cefoxitin or moxalactam against Bacteroides fragilis. Cefodizime was not hydrolyzed by common plasmid or chromosomal beta-lactamases, and it inhibited type I beta-lactamases.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacology of aztreonam after intravenous infusion.

The pharmacokinetics of aztreonam, a monocyclic beta-lactam which inhibits most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae at concentrations of less than 1 microgram/ml and most Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates at concentrations of less than 16 micrograms/ml, were examined in healthy male volunteers after 30-min intravenous infusions of 0.5, 1, and 2 g of the drug. Mean peak levels of the drug in serum at the end of infusion were 65.5, 164, 255 micrograms/ml after 0.5 1, and 2 g, respectively, with levels of the drug in serum of 1.8, 3, and 8.5 micrograms/ml at 8.5 h for the three doses, respectively. The half-life was approximately 2 h for all three doses. The total serum clearance averaged 1 ml/min per kg. The apparent volume of distribution averaged 0.17 liter/kg for the three doses. Overall excretion of the drug in urine was 61%, with mean levels in urine of 23, 52, and 109 micrograms/ml at 8.5 to 12.5 h after 0.5, 1, and 2 g of aztreonam, respectively. Concentrations of the drug in serum after a 1-g dose exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of the members of the Enterobacteriaceae by four- to eightfold for 8 h and exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for P. aeruginosa isolates for 4 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a monobactam, SQ 26,917, compared with those of aztreonam and other agents.

SQ 26,917 is a monobactam antibiotic. Its in vitro activity was compared with those of aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and moxalactam. SQ 26,917, which contains a beta-methyl configuration on the beta-lactam ring, was similar in activity to aztreonam with the exception of greater activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. SQ 26,917 had no activity against gram-positive isolates or anaerobic bacteria. It was not hydrolyzed by common plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

In vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of E-0702, a new cephalosporin.

The in vitro activity of E-0702 was compared with the in vitro activity of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and aztreonam against 600 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic isolates. E-0702 had a minimal inhibitory concentration for 50% of isolates (MIC50) of 25 micrograms for Staphylococcus aureus, 50 micrograms for Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 1.6 to 3.1 micrograms for streptococci, with Streptococcus faecalis resistant. E-0702 had MIC50s against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter aerogenes comparable to those of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and aztreonam, but MIC90S were higher than those of the other agents. It was as active as the other agents against Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., but was four- to eightfold less active against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Providencia spp., Morganella spp., and Proteus vulgaris, with isolates in each species resistant. Activity against Bacteroides fragilis was fourfold less than that of cefoxitin. E-0702 was hydrolyzed by plasmid beta-lactamases and was only a weak inhibitor of plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases. There was an inoculum effect for E. cloacae, Serratia spp., Morganella spp., and Pseudomonas spp.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of U-63196E, a novel cephalosporin.

The in vitro activity of U-63196E, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and compared with the in vitro activities of cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, and aztreonam. Although U-63196E inhibited many ampicillin-resistant bacteria and its activity against gram-negative species was similar to cefoperazone, it was much less active than the other agents. U-63196E was less active than cefazolin against gram-positive species, and it was less active than cefoxitin or moxalactam against Bacteroides fragilis. U-63196E did not inhibit most cefoperazone- or cefsulodin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was a difference between minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations for isolates which contained beta-lactamases. Plasmid beta-lactamases of the TEM, HSV, OXA, and PSE types hydrolyzed U-63196E. But U-63196E was relatively stable against hydrolysis by the chromosomal beta-lactamases.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity of teichomycin compared with those of other antibiotics.

The glycopeptide antibiotic teichomycin had in vitro activity comparable to that of vancomycin against most gram-positive species, and it inhibited methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It was twofold more active against many S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates than was vancomycin. Teichomycin had activity comparable to that of vancomycin against Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecalis. It was generally more active against streptococci than was vancomycin. There were no major differences between minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations of these drugs. Teichomycin acted synergistically with gentamicin against some bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity of midecamycin, a new macrolide antibiotic.

Midecamycin, an acetoxy-substituted macrolide antibiotic, was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It inhibited the majority of streptococci, staphylococci, and strains of Haemophilus and Listeria at concentrations of less than 3.1 micrograms/ml. It was less active than erythromycin, and it failed to inhibit erythromycin-resistant isolates.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Antibacterial activity of DL 473, a C3-substituted rifamycin derivative.

DL 473 is a 3-[(4-cyclopentyl-1-piperazinyl)iminomethyl] rifamycin SV derivative which inhibited staphylococci, streptococci (including Streptococcus faecalis, Listeria species, and Bacteroides species. DL 473 was less active than rifampin against these species. DL 473 did not inhibit Enterobacteriaceae nor most Pseudomonas species. A combination of DL 473 and vancomycin or nafcillin tested against staphylococci was primarily additive and antagonism was not encountered.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in patients with renal failure and in those undergoing hemodialysis.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftriaxone in eight patients with end-stage renal disease were determined during dialysis and during the interdialysis period. The mean half-life, clearance, and apparent volume of distribution during dialysis were 16 h, 722 ml/h, and 16.7 liters, respectively. During the interdialysis period, the half-life was 14 h, clearance was 739 ml/h, and volume of distributions was 14 liters. Individual variability in plasma concentrations occurred even in patients with apparently normal hepatic function. Based on these parameters, a dose of 1 g every 24 h would yield concentrations in excess of the concentrations needed to inhibit most gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic species.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

In vitro activity of enoxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid, compared with those of norfloxacin, new beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.

Enoxacin is a new quinolone carboxylic acid compound. Its activity against 740 bacterial isolates was determined. It inhibited 90% Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Aeromonas sp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Morganella morganii at less than or equal to 0.8 micrograms/ml. The majority of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited by less than or equal to 3.1 micrograms/ml. Haemophilus spp. and Neisseria spp. were inhibited by less than 0.1 micrograms/ml. Although most Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by 3.1 micrograms/ml, some streptococcal species had minimal inhibitory concentrations of 6.3 to 12.5 micrograms/ml and Bacteroides sp. had minimal inhibitory concentrations greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml. Activity of enoxacin and norfloxacin was similar. Enoxacin inhibited organisms resistant to cefotaxime, moxalactam, gentamicin, and piperacillin. Enoxacin was less active in urine at an acid pH than in broth, but serum did not decrease minimal inhibitory concentrations or minimal bactericidal concentrations. There was no major difference between minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations. Resistance frequency development was less than 10(-9) for most bacterial species.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

Urinary tract infections in the 1980s.

A better understanding of the pathophysiology of urinary infection has markedly altered treatment programs. Single-dose therapy should be used for infections limited to the bladder. In contrast, treatment periods of 4-6 wk are needed to yield the best cure rates in upper tract infections. TMP/SMX thrice weekly has proved to be a successful prophylactic program for women with recurrent urinary infection. In contrast to the female, young children and men require longer therapy periods for urinary infection and should always have a detailed radiologic and urologic evaluation to eliminate the possibility of structural abnormalities.

Adolescent↗