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Biomedical subjects

H C Hopf

Publications and source records attributed to H C Hopf.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The significance of the inflammatory reactions for the development of clinical signs in multiple sclerosis and acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as assessed by means of the spontaneous chemiluminescence activity of peripheral blood monocytes.

We found that the course of the chemiluminescence activity (CL-A) of peripheral blood monocytes of Lewis rats with acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) correlates well with the clinical course of this autoimmune disease and that only a reduction in T helper cells caused a reduction in CL-A. However, in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients the CL-A increased when clinical improvement started. The serum of these patients contained at least two stimulatory substances. More than 50% of the stimulatory effect could be blocked by antibodies to interferon-gamma.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The inhibitory effects of prednisone, 16-methylen-prednisolone, and ACTH on con-A induced lymphokines (interferon-y) as measured by the chemiluminescence-activity of blood monocytes.

When lymphocytes are stimulated with mitogens or antigens they are enhanced via a cascade of lymphokines to produce interferon-y (IFN-y). IFN-y augments the H2O2 secretion of human monocytes which indirectly can be measured by chemiluminescence. We tested prednisone, 16-methylen-prednisolone and ACTH for their effect to inhibit the Con-A induced stimulation of the chemiluminescence-activity. All three hormones inhibited significantly the stimulation: prednisone up to 52.5% (concentration = 150 micrograms/ml, p = 0.000005), 16-methylen-prednisolone up to 22.5% (concentration = 2.5 micrograms/ml, p = 0.006) and ACTH up to 33% (concentration = 10 micrograms/ml, p = 0.0036).

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1988

[The repetitive muscular action potential in neuromuscular transmission disorders due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition].

Neuromuscular transmission was studied in 11 patients with organophosphate intoxication. The compound muscle action potential (MAP) was recorded from the thumb after single, repetitive (1-50 Hz) and paired stimulation. All patients showed a prolonged MAP. The duration increased with the severity of intoxication. The number of peaks varied only slightly. In all cases repetitive stimulation reduced the later components of the MAP. There was no correlation with tetanic fade of the initial negative component. One patient had a pronounced tetanic fade but a slight reduction of repetitive components. In view of experimental studies a combined pre- and postsynaptic effect seems to be responsible.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

The behaviour of OKT3-, OKT4- and OKT8-positive cells during phases of elevated spontaneous chemiluminescence activity (CL-A) in multiple sclerosis patients. A serial study.

The chemiluminescence activity (CL-A; synonym = burst activity, BA) and the percentage of OKT3-, OKT4- and OKT8-positive peripheral blood cells were serially examined in four control persons and in eight patients with multiple sclerosis. When the OKT values obtained in phases of increased CL-A (clinical remission) were compared with those of the control group, the percentage of OKT3-positive cells was reduced (P = 0.014), and that of OKT4-positive cells increased (P = 0.014); there were no significant changes in the percentage of OKT8-positive cells (P = 0.171). After the CL-A had returned to normal values, the OKT4-positive cells remained elevated (P = 0.029), whereas the OKT3- (P = 0.342) and OKT8-positive cells (P = 0.443) showed no significant changes. When in the same patients, phases of increased CL-A were compared with phases in which values were not elevated, a reduced percentage of OKT3-positive cells was found in phases with increased CL-A (P = 0.031); however, the OKT4-positive and OKT8-positive cells did not differ significantly (P = 0.156 and 0.281).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Vertigo and masseter paresis. A new local brainstem syndrome probably of vascular origin.

Two patients are reported with symptoms and signs of peripheral vestibular dysfunction, including severe rotatory vertigo, abolished caloric response in the involved ear, and spontaneous nystagmus with the fast component away from that ear. In addition, paresis of the masseter, temporal, and pterygoid muscles and impairment of the masseter reflex were found on the affected side. It is suggested that the vertigo and masseter paresis syndrome is a brainstem syndrome which is probably due to a vascular lesion affecting a very small dorsolateral pontine area.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The chemiluminescence activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

The spontaneous chemiluminescence activity (CL-A) of peripheral mononuclear cells (MNC) was examined in Lewis rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), compared to rats immunized with complete adjuvant (n = 11) and healthy animals (n = 16). In rats with EAE, CL-A increased sharply 8-9 days after immunization (3420 +/- 3124 counts/10 s, n = 16) at the time of flattening of the weight curve. This CL-A peak was compared to that of animals immunized with complete adjuvant: 765 +/- 441 counts/10 s (P = 0.01) and healthy rats: 450 +/- 172 counts/10 s (P = 0.0001). After this initial peak in EAE rats, CL-A decreased almost to normal values when animals lost weight (746 +/- 251 counts, n = 19) and tail paralysis developed (557 +/- 251 counts/10 s, n = 15). CL-A increased again with the onset of paralysis of the extremities (1527 +/- 990 counts/10 s, n = 11), followed by a decrease as the clinical course deteriorated. Finally, CL-A approached normal values as the animals improved. A significant increase in the number of meningeal (P less than 0.01) and perivascular (P less than 0.01) cells in the CNS coincided with the initial CL-A peak. Gel filtration of the serum of rats with increased CL-A revealed at least one substance, with a molecular weight between 13,700 and 43,000 Da, which stimulated the CL-A of normal mononuclear cells.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Origin of intramuscular nerve action potential.

The origin of the intramuscular nerve action potential (INAP) was investigated using conventional surface recording electrodes. The appearance of the INAP was (1) associated with subjective paresthesias, (2) recorded only when the reference electrode (G2) was over an appropriate digital nerve, (3) increased in latency as G2 was placed more distally, (4) blocked by an orthodromic sensory nerve action potential arising from the thumb, and (5) abolished with an anaesthetic block in the digital nerve proximal to G2. The findings indicate that the INAP is recorded by the G2 electrode from the digital nerve.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

Combined therapy with acyclovir and adenosine arabinoside in herpes simplex encephalitis.

We report a case of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) with initial coma and severe left-sided hemiparesis in which combined treatment with adenine arabinoside and acyclovir was followed by complete recovery. This favorable result is discussed in view of the literature of HSE treatment including experimental studies on antiviral activity of both drugs. Combined treatment may be useful in severe cases of HSE.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1987

Acute trimethyltin limbic-cerebellar syndrome.

An acute limbic-cerebellar syndrome was seen in six industrial workers who inhaled trimethyltin (TMT). Clinical features included hearing loss, disorientation, confabulation, amnesia, aggressiveness, hyperphagia, disturbed sexual behavior, complex partial and tonic-clonic seizures, nystagmus, ataxia, and mild sensory neuropathy. Severity paralleled maximal urinary organotin levels. One patient died and two remained seriously disabled.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

The spontaneous burst activity of peripheral blood monocytes in patients with acute polyradiculoneuritis, lymphocytic meningoencephalitis, and multiple sclerosis. A comparison.

The course of the spontaneous burst activity (BA) of peripheral blood monocytes was examined in patients with acute polyradiculoneuritis (PN), lymphocytic meningoencephalitis (LE), and multiple sclerosis (MS) and the BA was compared with the clinical course. In 4 patients with postinfectious acute PN the BA was significantly increased up to values around 60 000 counts/10 s. The BA and the clinical course were closely correlated in these patients (mean of r = 0.83). In 4 patients with lymphocytic LE the BA initially was moderately increased to values between 4 000 and 5 000 counts/10 s and showed again a very close correlation with the clinical course (mean of r = 0.99). In 13 MS patients the BA values were found markedly increased showing a close correlation with clinical improvement (mean of r = -0.94) whereas in 2 patients without improvement the BA remained at low levels. The comparison of the clinical course with that of the BA in the three inflammatory diseases of the nervous system reveals that patients with PN and LE show high BA values whilst the clinical signs and symptoms are most expressed, whereas the BA is low in this phase of illness in MS patients but increases around the beginning of improvement. Possible meanings of this behaviour of the BA are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Determination of interferon-gamma in the peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients in remission, using a chemiluminescence technique.

The plasma from eight patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) whose disease was in remission, was investigated by a chemiluminescence technique for its ability to stimulate the oxidative metabolism of peripheral blood monocytes (PBM). The active fraction identified had a molecular weight between 13,700 and 43,000 Da. Its activity was reduced by incubation at pH 2, pH 4 or pH 6, or by treatment at 56 degrees C for 1-3 h. The activity was also decreased, 58-100%, by prior incubation with antibodies to human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). We suggest that these results indicate that the increased chemiluminescence activity (CL-A) of PBM in MS patients in remission is due mainly to the presence of circulating IFN-gamma.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Monocytes constitute the only peripheral blood cell population showing an increased burst activity in multiple sclerosis patients.

We examined peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC), peripheral polymorphonuclear cells (PPNC), adherent mononuclear cells, non-adherent mononuclear cells, non-phagocytic mononuclear cells and non-phagocytic Percoll-fractionated mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients for their spontaneous burst activity (BA). According to previous results PMNC of MS patients showed a markedly increased BA (p = 0.0002); PPNC, however, did not show significantly elevated values (p = 0.36). Further separation of PMNC and identification of the cells obtained by FITC-conjugated antibodies, esterase and Giemsa staining revealed high mean coefficients of correlation (r) between the BA and the number of esterase-positive cells (MO; r = +0.97) and the number of surface Ig-positive cells (B cells; r = +0.97). r was negative for the correlation between the BA and OKT3-positive cells (T cells; r = -0.99) and for the correlation between the BA and the number of large granular lymphocytes (r = -0.39). As in the range below 2,000 counts/10 s r is -0.5 between the BA and the number of B lymphocytes, while r is +1.0 between the BA and MO, and there are BA values below 500 counts/10 s although around 10% B cells but no MO are present, the results suggest that MO are the only cell population responsible for the increased BA in MS patients. Based on recent findings in our laboratory the results additionally indicate that in the peripheral blood interferon-gamma stimulates the BA of MO only.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Granular nuclear inclusion body disease: fine structure of tibial muscle and sural nerve.

Fine granular (hyaline) intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in perivascular cells of a muscle and a sural nerve biopsy from a 32-year-old woman with slowly progressive motor disturbances. The hyaline nuclear inclusion bodies could be distinguished from other intranuclear hyaline inclusions by their granularity, the size of the granules (approximately 5-15 nm), and the positive iron staining reaction. They were not seen in muscle fibers or Schwann cells. Because of these apparently pathognomonic structural features the patient appears to present a condition that has not been described before.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites on striated muscles of the rat: properties and effect of denervation.

In order to test the hypothesis that peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites mediate some direct effects of benzodiazepines on striated muscles, the properties of specific 3H-Ro 5-4864 binding to rat biceps and rat diaphragm homogenates were investigated. In both tissues a single population of sites was found with a KD value of 3 nmol/l. The density of these sites in both muscles was higher than the density in rat brain, but was considerably lower than in rat kidney. Competition experiments indicate a substrate specificity of specific 3H-Ro 5-4864 binding similar to the properties already demonstrated for the specific binding of this ligand to peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites in many other tissues. The properties of these sites in the rat diaphragm are not changed after motoric denervation by phrenicectomy. It is concluded that peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites are not involved in direct effects of benzodiazepines on striated muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Correlation of the chemiluminescence-activity of peripheral blood monocytes with CSF parameters of inflammation and the clinical course of patients with lymphocytic meningoencephalitis.

The chemiluminescence-activity (CL-A) of peripheral blood monocytes (MO) was measured in eight patients with lymphocytic meningitis or meningoencephalitis and compared to CSF parameters and the clinical course. The initial maximum CL-A was around four times above the control and decreased to normal values within approximately 20 days. Poor correlations were found when the CL-A was compared to CSF parameters in the total group of patients. With regard to the CSF parameters in individual patients the CL-A was closely related to the cell count, to a lesser degree to the protein content, but not to the IgG content. Finally, a very good correlation of the CL-A was found with the clinical course in individual patients. This preliminary data suggests the clinical usefulness of CL-measurements and supports the conception that the CL-A predominantly reflects the specific cellular phase of inflammation, which is dominated by T cells.

Adolescent↗