Biomedical subjects
H C Harrison
Publications and source records attributed to H C Harrison.
Adenoidectomy in a girl with haemophilia.
Haemophilia A is a sex-linked inherited disease in which those affected are usually males, and females are usually asymptomatic carriers. This paper presents a haemophilia A carrier who has a low factor VIII level first, to remind readers that females can have low factor VIII levels with consequent increased tendency to bleed; second, to stress the importance of routine questioning regarding a bleeding tendency in the patient or the patient's family and third, to illustrate the importance of pre-operative diagnosis to allow adequate correction of the defect so that surgery such as adenoidectomy can be undertaken with safety in such a patient.
Subperiosteal abscesses of the orbit due to sinusitis in childhood.
This paper reports 16 cases of subperiosteal abscesses of the orbit due to acute sinusitis in childhood. They comprise 12.4% of 129 patients presenting with an 'acute orbit'. Acute ethmoidal sinusitis was the predominant cause. The typical clinical features, as well as CT scanning of the paranasal sinuses, orbit and brain, should assist in early diagnosis. If possible, the subperiosteal abscess and sinuses should be drained before loss of visual acuity or intracranial complications occur. Streptococcus milleri was the pathogen most commonly cultured. One patient in this series had intracranial complications, but no other patients had major complications and there were no deaths.
Insulin pulses less effective than continuous insulin in inhibiting PEPCK mRNA levels stimulated by cAMP and dexamethasone in perifused hepatoma cells.
Hepatic glucose production is stimulated in vitro twice as effectively by pulsatile as by continuous glucagon, given equivalent time-averaged doses. Efficacy studies of pulsatile insulin have yielded conflicting results. In the rat hepatoma cell line H-4-II-E-C3, insulin rapidly (t1/2 15 min) inhibits transcription of the gene and lowers mRNA levels for the gluconeogenic enzyme. PEPCK via a receptor-mediated process. We attached H-4-II-E-C3 cells to Cytodex-3 microcarriers and used a perifusion column system to test whether pulsatile insulin is more or less effective than equivalent time-averaged doses of continuous insulin. PEPCK transcription was induced by inclusion of cAMP analogue 8-(4-chlorophenyl-thio)-cAMP (0.1 mM) and dexamethasone (0.5 microM) in the perifusion medium. Three columns were exposed either to continuous, pulsatile, or no insulin. After 3 h, total nucleic acid was extracted, and mRNA(PEPCK) was measured with a sensitive-solution hybridization assay. Continuous insulin inhibited PEPCK expression in a dose-dependent fashion with EC50 1 x 10(-11) M. Equivalent time-averaged amounts of insulin delivered as pulses achieved significant inhibition but less effectively than continuous insulin. The apparent EC50 for pulsatile insulin increased from 2 x 10(-11) M to 5 x 10(-11) M as the oscillatory period was raised from 5 to 20 min, respectively. These observations suggest that insulin-mediated inhibition of PEPCK gene transcription is diminished by a pulsatile mode of administration in marked contrast to the pulse enhancement demonstrated for glucagon-mediated hepatic glucose production.
Nasopharyngeal cyst simulating Kaposi's sarcoma in an HIV-infected patient.
A case of nasopharyngeal cyst in a 30-year-old male homosexual intravenous drug user infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is presented. The similarity in clinical presentation of nasopharyngeal cyst and Kaposi's sarcoma is discussed.
Effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue on the glucose metabolism in a diabetic patient.
We report a case of an insulin-dependent diabetic female who received leuprolide acetate and Depo-Lurpon for the treatment of endometriosis. Their use was associated with hyperglycemia and a deterioration in glucose control that necessitated changes in insulin dosage.
Orbital cellulitis with abscess formation caused by sinusitis.
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Ethmoid osteoma, orbital cellulitis and orbital emphysema.
A possibly unique association of an osteoma of the ethmoid sinus with orbital emphysema and orbital cellulitis is described. The osteoma, which had eroded through the orbital periosteum, was removed; the orbital periosteum was grafted with fascia lata and a partial external ethmoidectomy performed.
Rapid reduction and return of surface insulin receptors after exposure to brief pulses of insulin in perifused rat hepatocytes.
Hepatic receptors are normally exposed to discrete pulses of insulin and glucagon at intervals of 8 to 16 min. Using a multicolumn system for perifusing hepatocytes, we investigated the effect of this pattern on the normal processing of the insulin receptor. Surface-receptor binding was measured in acid-washed cells harvested from individual columns. The number of high-affinity surface receptors fell to a nadir 1 min after the end of a 3-min square-wave pulse of insulin. The maximum reduction reached 45% of baseline at amplitudes of 1000 microU/ml or above. The number of surface binding sites returned to baseline 15 min after the end of the pulse, but the affinity constant of the high-affinity receptor was unchanged. The reduction of surface binding was dose dependent, with an ED50 of 251 +/- 34 microU/ml. Prolonging the pulse to 60 min did not affect the nadir or the rate of restoration of the surface-receptor population. The change in surface binding was reduced at 15 degrees C and abolished at 4 degrees C. After a pulse, the pattern of change was a period of rapid decline to a nadir (t1/2 less than or equal to 1 min) that persisted for 3-5 min, followed by restoration of surface binding that reached baseline in 10-15 min. This same pattern was present after six ED95 pulses delivered at intervals of 15 min. These data indicate that the internalization of hepatocyte surface receptors and their recycling and reinsertion into the plasma membrane can be entrained to pulses at the physiologic pulse frequency.
Chemoprophylaxis of malaria.
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Disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism in childhood and adolescence.
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Inhibition of vitamin D-stimulated active transport of calcium of rat intestine by diphenylhydantoin-phenobarbital treatment.
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Rickets then and now.
Since the introduction of irradiated ergosterol into our food supply, nutritional vitamin D-deficiency rickets has become an uncommon disease. However, skeletal disorders due to abnormalities of vitamin D function still occur. These disorders can now be classified more exactly into two groups: those in which there is a deficiency of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and those in which there is an abnormality of renal tubular function resulting in renal hypophosphatemia despite normal vitamin D metabolism. The various entities of these two groups are described and the theoretical basis of their treatment given.
Electrolyte transport by bullfrog colon in vitro.
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Familial benign hypercalcemia.
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Dihydrotachysterol: a calcium active steroid not dependent upon kidney metabolism.
The activity of dihydrotachysterol and cholecalciferol was determined in nephrectomized or sham-operated vitamin D-depleted rats using in vitro transport of calcium and phosphate by everted intestinal preparations as the index of physiologic response. The activity of dihydrotachysterol was not reduced by absence of the kidneys whereas that of cholecalciferol was markedly inhibited so that at least a 10-fold greater dose of the latter was necessary to produce an equivalent effect in the nephrectomized rat as in the control. Dihydrotachysterol is therefore equipotent with cholecalciferol in the anephric rat although much less active in the intact animal.