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Biomedical subjects

H Broder

Publications and source records attributed to H Broder.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Recombinant adenovirus-transduced dendritic cell immunization in a murine model of central nervous system tumor.

OBJECT: Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that have been shown to play a critical role in the initiation of host immune responses against tumor antigens. In this study, a recombinant adenovirus vector encoding the melanoma-associated antigen, MART-1, was used to transduce murine DCs, which were then tested for their ability to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and induce protective immunity against B16 melanoma tumor cells implanted intracranially. METHODS: Genetic modification of murine bone marrow-derived DCs to express MART-1 was achieved through the use of an E1-deficient, recombinant adenovirus vector (AdVMART1). Sixty-two C57BL/6 mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of AdVMART-1-transduced DCs (23 mice), untransduced DCs (17 mice), or sterile saline (22 mice). Using the B16 murine melanoma, which naturally expresses the MART-1 antigen, all the mice were then challenged intracranially with viable, unmodified syngeneic B16 tumor cells 7 days later. Splenocytes obtained from representative animals in each group were harvested for standard cytotoxicity and enzyme-linked immunospot assays. The remaining mice were followed for survival. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with DCs transduced with AdVMART1-DC elicited the development of antigenspecific CTL responses. As evidenced by a prolonged survival curve when compared with control-immunized mice harboring intracranial B16 tumors, AdMART1-DC vaccination was able to elicit partial protection against central nervous system (CNS) tumor challenge in vivo. However, this CNS antitumor immunity was weaker than that previously demonstrated against subcutaneous B16 tumors in which the same vaccination strategy was used. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that immune responses generated against CNS tumors by DC-based vaccines may be different from those obtained against subcutaneous tumors.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1994

[Old Bad Pfäfers and its Paracelsus memorial].

About 1240, hunters of the Benedictine abbey Pfäfers detected a hot spring in the impassable Tamina gorge within the borders of the abbey, founded about 940 in the Franconian Churraetia: the famous thermal springs of Pfäfers. The followers of Benedikt of Nursia knew how to use the healing water for the benefit of ill people and founded thus the bathing tradition of Bad Pfäfers, famous for many centuries, and later of Bad Ragaz. In the summer of 1535 Paracelsus stayed in Bad Pfäfers as a guest of the abbot Johann Jakob Russinger. In the rough surroundings of the simple bath-houses near the origin of the spring in the dark 'Badtobel', the man from Hohenheim wrote, apart from a medical report for the sickly abbot, the famous script about bathing there: 'Vonn dem Bad Pfeffers in Oberschwytz gelegen, Tugenden, Krefften unnd Würckung, Ursprung unnd Herkommen, Regiment und Ordinanz'. Bad Pfäfers became famous in the German countries; in spite of all the difficulties to reach the place, the mineral spring became an important destination for countless people longing for health. In the year 1969 the services of the Old Bad Pfäfers have been discontinued. The zenith of the steady strive to ameliorate the effects of the healing water has been reached. Actual balneologic and medical measures in the health resort Bad Ragaz and on the sunny-terrace of Valens have taken the place of the old spa. Thanks to efforts over many years, means and ways have been found to avert demolition and to manage the stilish restoration of this last historic group of buildings in 'Badtobel' constructed at the beginning of the 18th century.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Health Resorts↗
PubMed1993

Children with cleft lip/palate and mental retardation: a subpopulation of cleft-craniofacial team patients.

This study compares a subpopulation of persons with cleft lip/palate who have mental retardation (n = 56) to those with normal learning (n = 420), at a large university-based cleft-craniofacial center. Many of the patients identified as having mental retardation in this sample have the diagnosis of isolated cleft palate (46.8%). Nearly half (46.3%) of the patients with mental retardation were found to have multiple anomalies, syndromes or associated medical findings. Common findings included cardiopulmonary defects, seizures, and deviations in head size. In this clinic population, mental retardation was found more commonly among African-American patients with clefts, than among Caucasian patients with clefts. Higher rates of facial disfiguration and impaired speech were found in patients with clefts and mental retardation. This research demonstrates that among a population of persons with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, there is a subpopulation of children who also have mental retardation. Craniofacial-cleft teams will need to develop strategies to address the special needs of this group of patients.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Directions and issues in psychosocial research and methods as applied to cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies.

Psychosocial research into cleft lip and/or palate and craniofacial conditions has historically employed a "medical model" of research that sought to clarify whether patients experienced psychopathology as a consequence of the birth defect. In recent years, this paradigm has been replaced by a "social science model" of research that posits that most individuals with clefts do not manifest psychological pathology. The "social science model" examines adjustment and adaptation in the patients and their families. Research questions may consider the social, cultural, and psychological ramifications of being different in terms of speech, appearance, or identity. The authors suggest that an expanded set of research questions be considered, and that researchers from sociology, anthropology, ethics, economics, health services research, as well as psychology, become engaged. This paper proposes a range of possible research topics and indicates likely trends in research design and methodology.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1989

Self-concept of early primary school age children with visible or invisible defects.

This study compares self-concept scores on the Primary Self-Concept Inventory (PSCI) of 58 7-year-old children. The experimental groups included the three following subgroups: those with visible defects (cleft lip), mixed visible and invisible defects (cleft lip and palate), and invisible defects (cleft palate). The control consisted of first grade students with no physical defects. Significant differences between the subjects with clefts and controls were found. Children with cleft lip and palate (visible and invisible defects) demonstrated the lowest self-concept scores. These test results suggest that early primary school age children experience significant stigma. Therefore, early evaluation of psychosocial stress factors for children with clefts is suggested. School personnel can contribute to addressing self-concept concerns of children with defects. Suggestions for further research are presented.

Body Image↗
PubMed1988

Perceptions of appearance and speech by adolescent patients with cleft lip and palate and by their parents.

This study surveyed 102 patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, or cleft lip and cleft palate (ages 13 to 19) and their parents to assess satisfaction with appearance, speech ability, and intelligibility. The data were based upon standardized interviews conducted at a cleft palate treatment center, using simple questions with high face validity. Surgical experience was high among this sample, as reflected by the finding that the majority of patients (55.7%) had had three or more operations on the face or mouth. Patient ratings of facial appearance showed that most patients were very pleased (59.3%) or moderately pleased (13.2%); others were somewhat (18.7%) or very (8.8%) disappointed. Many parents indicated that their children expressed occasional (22.0%) or frequent (27.5%) concerns about appearance. Nearly all patients (91.9%) felt that their operations had accomplished what they expected, though some of the cleft lip patients (35.7%) and their parents (43.9%) were less than very pleased with the appearance of the lip. When asked how pleased they were with the way they presently talked, most patients (69.1%) were very pleased, though some disappointment was expressed. Although often pleased with their current speech status, many patients rated themselves as only moderately understandable (19.1%) or as not understandable (8.5%). No significant gender effects were found in satisfaction, appearance, or speech ratings. There were no significant differences found between parent and child ratings. The findings indicate that at a center delivering team-based cleft palate care, both adolescent patients and their parents have considerable concerns about appearance and speech results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, Early Modern 1451-1600↗
PubMed1987

An examination of mental health services offered by cleft/craniofacial teams.

Questionnaire data about mental health services provided by teams for patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, or craniofacial anomalies were examined. The subjects were 195 directors of cleft/craniofacial teams. Descriptive analysis of the directors' responses included their teams' patient population, mental health representation, and intervention practices. Nurses and social workers were most frequently identified as the mental health specialists on the teams. Eighty percent of the directors stated that mental health intervention was important to patients and to teams. The type of service and the directors' ratings of the importance of psychosocial issues are presented. Research suggestions are provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effectiveness of genetic counseling for families with craniofacial anomalies.

Questionnaire data about genetic counseling experiences are presented from 37 parents and 25 patients who were evaluated. The subjects' perceptions vary regarding the cause of cleft lip or palate or both. More positive feelings about the birth defect are expressed after the subjects receive counseling. However, 25 percent of the sample express negative feelings about the birth defect after counseling. Ninety percent of the subjects indicate that counseling should occur within the first 3 months of the birth of the infant with a cleft. The subjects agree significantly on the important components of genetic counseling. The authors conclude that effective counseling includes (1) providing facts, alleviating guilt, and dispelling misperceptions; (2) discussing decision making; and (3) facilitating the coping process. Implications for further research and a protocol for counseling are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Interdisciplinary team care of cleft lip and palate: social and psychological aspects.

The organizational example of a university-based team and two patient case studies illustrate how team interaction affects decision making. The model presented for effective team organization is an egalitarian one. Interdependency, flexibility, and open communication among members are essential. Cleft lip and palate teams provide evaluation and treatment that include input from a variety of professional disciplines. The team context makes it possible for care to be coordinated and alleviates the fragmentation of seeking treatment from several independent specialists. Teams also have a special opportunity to address the complex social and psychological issues prevalent in treating persons with birth defects. Specialists, like psychologists and social workers, identify these issues so that surgeons, dentists, and other clinicians may provide a comprehensive treatment plan and management approach. If psychologists or social workers are not available to a team, the group may still successfully integrate a variety of social and personal factors into their decision making. Examples of problem areas and of issues that may be associated with difficulties in adjusting to cleft therapy are included in this article. Teams that effectively address the psychosocial needs of their patients will enhance patient satisfaction, cooperation, and treatment outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗