Psychiatric illness in general practice II: how is it managed?
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Brodaty.
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The importance of general practitioners attending to the emotional problems of their patients is demonstrated. Evidence has been presented concerning the feasibility and cost effectiveness of general practitioners developing the skills required to manage such disorders. A model for training general practitioners in counselling and interviewing skills, and in the more complex psychological therapies, is presented. It is argued that such an integrated approach would produce results superior to the present fragmented approach.
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We performed a review of the published literature on dementia, stroke, and vascular dementia (VaD) emanating from Australia and sought the opinions of senior clinicians and investigators in the field of dementia. We conclude from these sources that the public health importance of cognitive impairment and dementia secondary to cerebrovascular disease is recognized in Australia as is the potential to alter the public health burden significantly by preventative strategies. VaD is considered to be a heterogenous group of syndromes, and there is a lack of consensus on the appropriate diagnostic criteria. The concept is considered to be in evolution and empirical support is needed for its definition, subtyping, and the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms. An alternative term--vascular cognitive disorder--is suggested to overcome some of the difficulties inherent in the concept of "dementia" as used currently. The importance of noncognitive disorders of vascular origin is highlighted. No treatment is recognized to be specifically effective in VaD. Australian clinicians and researchers are beginning to grapple with the many difficulties entailed in our understanding of the cognitive and noncognitive consequences of cerebrovascular disease. There is a need for an international consensus on diagnostic criteria, particularly for drug development and research.
This review examines the biological rationale for the use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and the evidence for the efficacy of ERT in enhancing cognition, preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and treating AD in postmenopausal women. While the biological basis for ERT as a cognition enhancer is strong and multiply mediated, the clinical evidence for its use is not as compelling and must be weighed against possible side effects. Until the results of definitive large trials are available, the use of ERT alone or in combination with other treatments is worthy of consideration.