The results of cytological studies of samples obtained by fibre endoscopy of the bronchus in 160 cases of bronchial ; carcinoma were analysed. Thanks to the routine use of brushing, aspiration, often selective and sputum examination, the diagnosis was obtained in 62% of cases. Naturally it was mainly positive in the proximal budding forms (78%) but the figures in the distal forms, including those where fibre endoscopy was negative, remained high (54%). There was never a true false positive, and the cytohistological correlation was almost 100%. Distal aspirations were the most useful in peripheral forms, whilst brushing was more useful in proximal forms. In any case thanks to these new technics, fibre endoscopy has become a simple examination for routine use which has now a very important place in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiology of hemoptyses].

From hemoptyses as main symptom for the admission of patients during 1975 and 1976 in the pulmonary disease department of a parisian hospital, a retrospective study of the causes of hemoptyses is made by the authors. In 18% of the cases, hemoptysis was the unique revealing symptom of the disease. Tuberculosis and cancer are the main causes, but, now, their rate is inverted : 30% for cancer, 21% for tuberculosis, but in addition there are 9% in relation with sequelae of tuberculosis. Among the other causes, bronchiectases keep an important place, just as cardiovasculary diseases. But there is a portion of patients for whom the cause of the hemoptysis cannot be found. As bronchologic and vasculary explorations are developed, this portion of patients will diminish but will not disappear, because mechanisms of hemoptysis will be better explained but not the real cause.

Bronchiectasis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Destroyed lung (author's transl)].

The expression of "destroyed lung" is, now, accepted to designate the large destructions of the lung, secondary to pulmonary and essentially infectious diseases, the cure of which is obtained but with important sequelae. The main cause remains tuberculosis, cured by chemotherapy. Some large pulmonary suppurations, treated by antibiotics, can lead to the same sequelae. These "destroyed lungs" can keep an asymptomatic form. But often, about ten years after the initial disease, they cause several troubles such as progressive dyspnea leading to irreversible respiratory insufficiency, repeated pulmonary infectious episodes and hemoptysis, the risk of which is increased by aspergillosis. The radiological aspect of these "destroyed lungs" is made of opacities with multiple cavities or with one unique large cavity. The mechanism of hemoptysis has been understood recently: all destructive lesion of the pulmonary tissue produces as a consequence a development of the systemic blood circulation, bronchial or parietal, with reverse blood circulation from systemo-pulmonary anastomoses-which can produce capillary dilatations-into the pulmonary artery. All these complications can lead to a surgical treatment. Embolization of bronchial arteries is a less aggressive method when hemoptysis is the main symptom. These acquires "destroyed lungs" can be compared to those caused by extensive pseudokystic bronchiectases. For both cases clinical aspects and therapeutic methods are similar, though the lesions are fixed and likely congenital in the last form.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical aspect and actual frequency of bilateral squamous cell bronchial carcinoma with simultaneous revelation (author's transl)].

Clinical and physiopathological data about 10 cases of bilateral squamous cell bronchial carcinoma with simultaneous revelation, are reviewed. This clinical form is not rare, usually found by a systematic bilateral endoscopy. In these 10 cases, the clinical and radiological data did not allow to predict the diagnosis before the endoscopy. Physio-pathological mechanisms are not well established. Various hypotheses are propounded : air-way, blood or lymphatic metastases, simultaneous tumoral blossoming, superficial propagation, genetic factors intervention. For these 10 cases, the authors develop arguments for one or another of these mechanisms.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Tuberculous relapses in African Negroes].

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Africa↗