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Biomedical subjects

H Braunsteiner

Publications and source records attributed to H Braunsteiner.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Evaluation of coronary artery graft patency by computed tomography. Comparison with coronary arteriography (author's transl)].

In 14 patients with 19 coronary artery saphenous vein by-pass grafts (ACVB), computed transmission tomography has been performed the day before selective coronary angiography. Non-dynamic, contrast-enhanced sequential scans at 8-mm intervals were obtained starting at the cranial clips, ending at the left ventricle. CT scans were interpreted without knowledge of the catheterisation results. Sensitivity of this technique is 88%. Out of 17 ACVB patent by catheterisation, 15 ACVB are patent by CT. One occluded ACVB to the right coronary artery was thought to be patent by CT scan. This non-invasive technique shows promise as a method to follow up patients after ACVB-grafting.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1981

[Glucosuria of pregnancy: frequency of diabetes mellitus and renal glucosuria (author's transl)].

From 1974 to 1979 352 pregnant women were referred to our diabetic outpatient clinic because of glycosuria during pregnancy. In 118 women (34%) oral glucose tolerance tests revealed a pathologic glucose tolerance. In 234 pregnant women (66%) a "renal glycosuria of pregnancy" was found to be the cause for the observed glycosuria. A pathologic glucose tolerance was relatively more frequent in the 3rd trimenon, whereas renal glycosuria was observed to be more frequent in the second trimenon.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1981

[Hemolytic anemia and liver failure -- a manifestation of Wilson's disease (author's transl)].

Wilson's disease is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism causing severe damage to vital organs. Effective therapy with partial or complete remissions is possible when diagnosis is established early. The first manifestation usually occurs in childhood or early adult life with signs of liver failure and/or hemolytic anemia (stage II), as in the presented case, or with symptoms of extrapyramidal cerebral disease (stage IV). Wilson's disease should be ruled out in all patients below the age of 30 years presenting with liver disease, Coombs-negative, non spherocytic hemolytic anemia or neuropsychiatric disorders of unknown etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Lung cancer: present concepts of treatment].

The role of the various treatment modalities of bronchial carcinoma in respect to clinical stage and histology is described. Criteria to select patients for surgical treatment and for radiotherapy with curative or palliative intent are discussed. The present state of cytotoxic therapy in respect to adjuvant treatment as well as its use in metastatic disease is summarized. In small cell carcinoma combination chemotherapy may result not only in palliation, but in an improved survival in a high percentage of patients. Recommended protocols, remission rates and the long-term prognosis of treated patients are summarized.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Acid cholesterol ester and glycerol ester hydrolase activities. Evidence for the individuality of these enzymes in human mononuclear leucocytes.

Hydrolysis of cholesterol oleate and glycerol trioleate was measured in homogenates of human leucocytes at optimum pH of 4.0 and 5.25, respectively. Both enzyme activities appeared to reside in the 15,000 x g, 20-min fraction of mononuclear leucocytes. Solubilization of cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was strongly dependent on the detergent to protein ratio, showing optimal solubilization at weight ratios of 1.0 in cell homogenates and of 3.0 in the 15,000 x g, 20-min fraction, whereas solubilization of glycerol ester hydrolase was independent to protein ratio over the tested range of 0.3 to 5.8. Using a sequential solubilization procedure, about 60% of the granule proteins as well as 88% of glycerol ester hydrolase activity were solubilized at a detergent to protein ratio of 0.3, whereas cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was solubilized from the remaining membranes at a ratio of about 3.0. Thus, the acid glycerol ester hydrolase and acid cholesterol ester hydrolase were related to different proteins. Since solubilization of cholesterol ester hydrolase required drastic treatment, it is suggested that this enzyme is related to a protein within the lysosomal membrane.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1980

[The effect of biguanides on insulin sensitivity of maturity onset diabetics (author's transl)].

The effect of short-term treatment with biguanides on the insulin sensitivity (KITT) of maturity onset diabetics was tested by means of an insulin tolerance test. On the basis of their long-term blood glucose response to biguanide therapy, the patients were classified retrospectively as biguanide-responsive subjects (n = 10) and as biguanide-non-responsive subjects (n = 10). Both group showed the typical marked reduction in insulin sensitivity of maturity onset diabetics. After three days of biguanide treatment, a highly significant (p less than 0.001) increase in insulin sensitivity was noted in the group of biguanide responders, which was significantly (p less than 0.02) correlated with their previous blood glucose response to long-term biguanide therapy. In the biguanide non responders, insulin sensitivity was not significantly altered by biguanides. It is suggested that the blood glucose lowering action of biguanides is due, at least in a definite group of patients with maturity onset diabetes, to a reduction of insulin resistance.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Effect of moderate salt restriction and high potassium intake on pressor hormones, response to noradrenaline and baroreceptor function in man.

1. Twenty-one normotensive subjects were studied to assess any possible benefits of moderate salt restriction and of high potassium intake in the prevention of hypertension in man. 2. The effects of salt reduction from 200 to 50 mmol/day and/or of an increase of potassium intake from 80 to 200 mmol/day over a 2 week period, on blood pressure, plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline, vasopressin, renin and aldosterone, were measured both at rest and after mental stress. The effects of graded infusion of noradrenaline on blood pressure and heart rate were also studied. 3. Salt restriction lessened the increase of blood pressure during noradrenaline infusion; the combination with high potassium intake also reduced the pressure rise after mental stress. There were no major changes in plasma levels of vasopressin and adrenaline. Plasma noradrenaline increased during the low sodium diet. 4. High potassium intake improved baroreceptor function as revealed by the greater decrease in heart rate for a given rise in pressure after noradrenaline infusion. 5. The results of this study are compatible with a protective effect of a practicable low sodium/high potassium diet on the development of human hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A new approach to the morphological and cytochemical evaluation of human bone marrow CFUC in agar cultures.

A simple procedure is described for the routine morphological examination of different types of colonies and clusters in agar cultures. The following cytochemical methods are used for the identification of cells: naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase, naphthol-ASD-acetate esterase with and without addition of sodium fluoride, Biebrich scarlet and acid phosphatase. Based on their cytochemical staining properties neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and macrophages can be readily identified in their different stages of maturation and an assessment made of the cellular composition of colonies and clusters.

Agar↗
PubMed1980

Cell-mediated immune responses between HLA-identical siblings: recognition of antigenic changes associated with acute myelogenous leukaemia.

Cell-mediated immune reactions between a patient suffering from acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and an HLA-identical sibling were studied in order to characterize the in vitro reactions in MLC and CML prior to bone marrow transplantation. Our results indicated that antigenic differences were detectable between the blasts and the remission lymphocytes. While the normal sibling did not respond in MLC to her HLA-identical sister's remission lymphocytes, there was an anti-blast response. This proliferative response, however, did not lead to the development of detectable cytotoxic cells capable of destroying blast cells. Unrelated individuals, on the other hand, responded strongly both in MLC and CML to the allogeneic tumour blasts and remission lymphocytes of the patient and the lymphocytes of the healthy sibling. The kinetics and magnitude of the MLC response to blast cells was different from that to remission lymphocytes. This response indicated that the blast cells expressed antigenic differences which were recognized in MLC by both the HLA-identical sibling and unrelated individuals. Furthermore, these tumour cells were capable of sensitizing allogeneic, but not syngeneic lymphocytes to become cytotoxic, though they seemed to be more resistant to destruction in CML than normal cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Subacute and chronic monocytic leukemia: diagnostic and clinical problems].

The authors report on 16 cases of either subacute (SMML) or chronic (CMML) myelomonocytic leukemia as well as chronic monocytic leukemia (CMoL). All these cases were oligoblastic and, according to their clinical course, they could be termed as smouldering leukemias. The chronic types affected mainly males. The diagnostic cytomorphological and cytochemical criteria are discussed. Erythro- and thrombocytopoiesis were distinctly less impaired than in acute leukemias (AL). The leucocyte count in the peripheral blood of the SMML cases was within the normal range. Hepato- and splenomegaly were markedly increased as compared to AL. According to our materials leukemic skin infiltrations were less frequent in CMoL, CMML and SMML than in acute monocytic leukemias. In each of the three types of leukemia discussed monocytic leukemic cells could be readily identified by cytochemical tests and usually showed fairly normal maturation. In accordance with these observations lysozyme levels in urine and serum usually were strongly increased. The patients in the CMML and CMoL groups showed a mean survival of more than 13 months (2 out of 7 are still alive), whereas the SMML patients survived an average of 8 months. Deaths were frequently due to advanced age rather than to leukemia. In other cases a terminal accumulation of blasts marked a transition to acute leukemia. During the smouldering phase of the disease no beneficial effect of combined chemotherapy could be noted. Supportive and symptomatic therapy might improve length and quality of survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Prolymphocytic leukaemia (author's transl)].

Prolymphocytic leukaemia occurred in two women aged 75 and 57 years, respectively. In both instances the lymphatic cells fulfilled the morphological criteria of the disease picture. In one patient the disease was characterised by immunological and physical methods as being a B-cell lymphoma, in the other a T-cell lymphoma. Acid phosphatase was of special significance among cytochemical studies. While the patient with the T-cell lymphoma died after three months, the one with B-cell lymphoma is still alive 16 months later. Splenectomy resulted in marked improvement in the latter patient's condition and may turn out to be the treatment of choice in prolymphocytic leukaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Restimulation in secondary MLC by autologous non-T cells.

Lymphocytes sensitized in mixed leucocyte culture (MLC) were restimulated with non-T or complete cells. Cells primed against autologous non-T cells and restimulated with autologous cells gave responses with the kinetics of a secondary response. In contrast, cells primed against either type of autologous cell responded to restimulation by allogeneic cells with the kinetics of a primary MLC response. Following priming against alloantigens good secondary responses against both complete and non-T allogeneic restimulators were seen. Restimulation with autologous non-T cells, but not autologous complete cells, also led to secondary responses. The observation of different responses to antigens expressed on non-T autologous lymphocytes, in comparison to complete cells, implies that the secondary MLC involves more than response against alloantigens. Allogeneic and autologous MLC may be qualitatively different phenomena, the latter representing the recognition of identifying structures between interacting populations of cooperating cells.

Autoantigens↗
PubMed1979

Surface properties and in vitro functional capacities of human T lymphocyte subsets separated by linear density gradients.

Human lymphocytes derived from various central and peripheral sources were separated on linear density gradients (LDG). Cells from individual density fractions were tested in parallel for: the capacity to form nonimmune rosettes with neuraminidase-treated SRBC, the number of surface-associated HTLA, and in vitro proliferative responses to mitogenic lectins and alloantigens. Heterogeneous density distribution profiles were obtained for all sources of human T cells and revealed an organ specificity. The various T cell density classes obtained from identical organs as well as the identical density classes of different sources revealed to some extent differences in their surface marker patterns and/or their in vitro reactivities. On the basis of the combined techniques at least two major subsets among thymocytes were identified that differed in both surface properties and functional capacities. Density classes of T cells from all peripheral sources were distinguished from thymocytes by a homogeneous lowered HTLA expression. Whereas clear-cut differences in the in vitro functional capacity were observed between the two thymocyte subsets, less striking but still significant differences were found to exist among the various density classes of peripheral T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[A method for the detection of suppressor lymphocytes and its clinical use].

Suppressor cells play a major role in immune regulation and supervision. Unspecific suppressor cells can be stimulated by Concanavalin A (ConA) in a concentration of 1-50 micrograms/ml. Absorbed pooled human AB serum is the optimal serum source. Monocytes are necessary to induce suppressor cells. Preincubation of lymphocytes abolishes the suppressor cell inducibility. Different ConA incubation periods show two suppressor peaks, the first on day 0-1, the second on day 4-6. It is concluded, therefore, that we deal with two populations of suppressor cells. The first of these seems to resemble the spontaneous in vivo suppressor level, needs not to be activated by ConA but is rapidly inactivated without permanent antigeneic stimulus. The second peak consists of suppressor cells which are activated by a ConA stimulation of at least 3-4 days. Another conclusion can be drawn from these data: The conventional control system for the ConA induction of suppressor cells is not the optimal one, because the spontaneous suppressor cells are not included within this system, although they perhaps give a better insight into the actual immune status.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1979

[Bone marrow culture in aplastic anemia and preleukemias].

After incubation of bone marrow cells obtained from normal subjects and patients with pancytopenia in the double layer agar culture (Robinson-Pike), the clusters of different size and the colonies were counted on days 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10. Aplastic anemia and two types of preleukemia could be distinguished by a different growth pattern. A high incidence of small clusters (4-12 cells) was found in patients with aplastic anemia on days 2 and 3, whereas these aggregates were markedly reduced in preleukemia of type B. In preleukemia of type A an excessive number of small clusters was obtained. The morphology of cells in clusters and colonies was studied by cytochemical staining and electronmicroscopy. In preleukemia marked defects of maturation were demonstrable in the cells.

Anemia, Aplastic↗